难点(七) “言外有意”的细节推断题 该题型通常要求考生根据文章的某一细节进行推理，并得出一个合理的结论。
We can conclude from the text that________. A．American cities are changing for the worse B．people have different views on American cities
C．many people are now moving from American cities
D．the population is decreasing in older American cities (2010·安徽卷，C) American cities are similar to other cities around the world.In every country，cities reflect the values of the culture.American cities are changing，just as American society is changing. After World War Ⅱ，the population of most large American cities decreased；however，the population in many Sun Belt cities increased.Los Angeles and Houston are cities where populatfon shifts (转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society.In the late 1940s and early 1950s，city residents (居民) became wealthier.They had more children so they needed more space.They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.They bought houses in the suburbs (郊区)．
Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.Many，unlike their parents，want to live in the cities.They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest.Many young professionals are moving back into the city.They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there；or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers. This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits.Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.In the 1950s，many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs；now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities. Only a few years ago，people thought that the older American cities were dying.Some city residents now see a bright，new future.Others see only problems and conflicts.One thing is sure：many dying cities are alive again.
[语篇解读] 本文是—篇记叙文。作者向我们叙述了二战后以及现在美国城市中人们的变迁，从侧面反射出贫富差别给人们带来的影响。 1．What does the author think of cities all over the world? A．They are alive.B．They are hopeless. C．They are similar. D．They are different. 解析： 事实细节题。由第一段第一句可知美国的城市和世界其他城市是类似的。 答案： C 2．Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ？ A．Because older American cities were dying. B．Because they were richer and needed more space. C．Because cities contained the worst parts of society. D．Because they could hardly afford to live in the city. 解析： 推理判断题。由第二段最后三句可知城市居民变得富有，他们有较多的孩子，需要较大的空间，因此他们想搬到乡下。 答案： B 3．According to the 4th paragragh，a great many poor people in American cities________. A．are faced with housing problems B．are forced to move to the suburbs C．want to sell their buildings D．need more money for daily expenses 解析： 推理判断题。由第四段第二句可知：无数的穷人必须离开他们的公寓，因为主人想卖掉他们的房子而不想出租了。故选A。而B和第四段倒数第二句矛盾；C的主语应该是房东(the owners)；D未提到。 答案： A 4．We can conclude from the text that________. A．American cities are changing for the worse B．people have different views on American cities
C．many people are now moving from American cities
D．the population is decreasing in older American cities 解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知不同的人对城市有不同的观点，故选B。A和第一段最后一句矛盾，the worse错误；C的主语应该是many poor people；文中没有和D相关的信息。 答案： B
【长难句】 Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.无数的穷人必须离开他们的公寓，因为主人想卖掉他们的房子而不想出租了。 句中的because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent是原因状语从句。for sale待售；for rent出租。
[化难为易] 细节推断题的解题过程包括“细节理解”和“推理判断”两个环节，也就是根据文章的相关细节推断，得出一个和文意相符的答案。该题型要求考生不仅要正确理解相关细节的表层含义，还要通过对细节的理解，弄清楚该细节所包含的深层含义，即联系语境，确定“言外之意、话外之音”。比如根据文章最后一段可知不同的人对城市有不同的观点，可推断出B项正确。
细节推断题的基本解题思路：在解题过程中，考生要注意“细节”和“推断”之间的相互关系。抛弃“细节”的“推断”是无中生有的推断，而只抓住了细节，不去进行合乎实际的推理，也一定无法选出正确答案。