Unit 1 The written word【1】 pressure vt. 强迫……做 n. 压力；压迫；强制
I have been pressured into helping with the decorating.
我被迫帮忙装修。
You can stop bleeding by applying pressure close to the injured area.
你可以按压受伤附近部位来止血。
pressure sb. into (doing) sth. 强迫某人做某事
lose one's pressure 缓解某人的压力
under pressure 在压力下；处于紧张状态
Can you work well under pressure?
在紧张状态下你能好好工作吗？
put pressure on sb. (to do sth.) 迫使某人(做某事)
press v. 按，压，熨烫
①We don't want to ______ pressure ______ you to make a decision, but we haven't much time left.
A. put; to
B. place; on
C. put; on
D. place; to
②Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their ______， some people drink alcohol.
A. temper
B. mood
C. consciousness
D. pressures
①C put pressure on sb. (to do sth.) 向某人施压，迫使某人(做某事)。
②D lose one's temper 发脾气； lose one's consciousness 失去意识，不省人事； lose one's pressures 缓解压力。
【2】 threat n. 威胁
He says he'll tell the authorities but it's just an empty threat (＝ it will not happen)．
他说他将告知当局，但是这只不过是个虚张声势的威胁。
a storm threat 暴风雨的预兆
be under threat of sth. 在……的威胁之下
threaten v. 威胁，恐吓；预示……的凶兆
threaten sb. with death 用死威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁做某事
She left the country under threat of arrest.
在逮捕的威胁下，她离开了这个国家。
Her brother ____to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.
A. declared
B. threatened
C. warned
D. exclaimed
B
【3】 resist v. 抗拒；拒绝；挡开
The soldiers resisted the enemy attacks.
士兵们抵抗了敌人的进攻。
cannot resist sth./doing sth. 忍不住，按捺不住
I can never resist the urge to laugh.
我克制不了大笑的冲动。。
【4】 fortune n. 财富；运气，好运
I have the good fortune to be invited to stay in Rome.
我有幸被邀请去罗马。
fortunate adj. 幸运的，侥幸的
have a good/bad fortune 运气好/坏
come into a fortune 继承一大笔财产
make a/one's fortune 发财
He went to the west to make his fortune.
他到西部发财去了。
seek one's fortune 寻出路，闯天下
try one's fortune 碰运气
tell sb.'s fortune 算命
marry a fortune 与有钱人结婚
He can tell your fortune by looking at lines on your hand.
他能通过看手纹替你算命。
have a good fortune to do sth. 有运气做某事
①What ______ ! He's found ______ job in Beijing.
A. a good fortune; such a good
B. a good fortune; so a good
C. good fortune; such good a
D. good fortune; so good a
②The millionaire passed away, leaving his children with a large ______.
A. fortune
B. luck
C. money
D. amount
①A 多好的运气！他在北京找到了这么好的一份工作。前面是what引导感叹句，中心词是名词，第二空job是可数名词，用such a good修饰。
②A fortune 财富，大量财产，好运；luck 运气，幸运；amount 数量。句意为“那个百万富翁去世以后给他的孩子们留下了大量的财产”。
【5】
prejudice n. 偏见；成见 vt.有偏见的，歧视的
She has a prejudice against modern music.
她对现代音乐怀有偏见。
A judge must be free from prejudice.
法官必须不抱成见。
prejudice sb. against sb./sth. 使某人对……产生偏见
Newspaper gossip had prejudiced her against him.
报纸上那些不三不四的文章使她对他抱有偏见。
We must treat every naughty student ______.
A. without doubt
B. without prejudice
C. without difficulty
D. without mercy
B 我们必须毫无偏见地对待每一个调皮的学生。without prejudice毫无偏见地；without doubt毫无疑问；without difficulty毫无困难；without mercy毫不留情地。
【6】 settle vi. 定居，安定下来
vt. 解决，决定，算账，付账
We were soon comfortably settled in this place.
我们不久就在这个地方舒适地住下来了。
Many people want to settle in the country after retirement.
很多人想退休后在农村定居。
Let them settle the problem themselves.
让他们自己来解决这个问题。
That's one thing settled anyway — a big load off my mind.
总算解决了一件事，我也去掉了一件心事。
The account is settled at the end of the year.
每年年底结账。
settlement n. 解决办法；定居点；授予财产；[美]部落，村落
settler n. 移居者，开拓者
settle down 坐下来；定居、安定下来；习惯于
settle in 安顿好；住进新居
settle on 就……达成协议
settle up 清账；了结
I owe you some money for the drinks. We'll settle up after lunch.
我欠你一些饮料钱，饭后我们结账吧。
With lots of problems ______， the newly－elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. to settle
C. settling
D. are settled
B 由于有很多问题有待解决，这位新选的总统日子不好过。to settle不定式表示将来，在with的复合结构中作宾语补足语。
【7】 master n．主人，雇主，大师，名家
v. 精通，掌握
He wanted to be his own master.
他自己想当老板。
French was a language he had never mastered.
法语他一直没有学好。
be your own master 独立自主
Master of Arts 文学硕士
Master of Science 理学硕士
master's degree 硕士，学士
be bent on 下定决心(做)……
相当于 be determined to do；专心于……；埋头于……
He seems bent on success at all costs.
他好像下定决心，不惜一切代价一定要成功。
She's bent on becoming an actress.
她一心要成为演员。
bent n. 嗜好，倾向
He has a natural bent for repairing things.
他天生喜欢修理东西。
follow one's bent 随自己之所好
to/at the top of one's bent 尽心尽力
have a bent for sth. 有……的天分
He has a bent for painting.
他爱好绘画。
(其他表示专心于……埋头于的短语参见M5U1)
①John ____________________ getting the first place in the following competition.
约翰一心想在接下来的比赛中取得第一名。
②Jack used to __________________ law as a profession, but he was an expert on literature later.
杰克过去一心想成为一名律师，但后来他成了文学专家。
③He ________________ watching TV that he didn't notice my coming into the room.
他全神贯注地看电视，没有注意到我走进来。
④______________ finding out who is responsible for the accident.
我决心弄清楚谁应该对这起事故负责。
⑤A moment, please. The manager ____________ preparing the speech at the moment.
请稍候，经理正在忙着准备演讲稿。
⑥He ________________ the people's liberation before liberation.
解放前，他把自己献给了解放事业。
①is bent on
②be bent on
③was so absorbed/lost in
④I‘m determined on
⑤is engaged in
⑥devoted himself to/was devoted to
【1】 Many people do not read them because they think they are old－fashioned and boring, and have nothing to do with life today.
许多人不读经典文学作品是因为觉得他们过时了，枯燥乏味，与今天的生活没有任何关系。
这是一个复合句，其中because引导原因状语从句。be/have nothing to do with 与……无关。
Go out! It's nothing to do with you.
出去！这根本就不关你的事。
be/have something to do with 与……有关
for nothing 免费；平白无故地
nothing but 只不过
anything but一点也不，除……外都
We could have got in for nothing
— nobody was checking tickets.
我们本来不花钱就能进去——没人查票。
That has something to do with what we are discussing.
那与我们正讨论的问题有关。
— Is he content to accept our price?
— Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is ______ to him.
A. everything
B. none
C. nothing
D. something
C 句意“他更在乎质量，钱对他来说不算什么”。此处nothing才是最合适的。
【2】 Pip's sister seldom has a kind word to say, but Joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐几乎没有什么善言好语，但乔是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到伤害。
此句的句式“would rather…than…”意为“宁愿……而不愿……”、“与其……不如……”。用以表达主语的意愿，强调经过选择后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。than 后应接动词原形，但如果该句型前后连接的两个动词相同，则than之后的那个动词可省去。
He would rather play than work.
他宁愿玩也不愿工作。
I would rather you told me the truth now than (you told me) tomorrow.
我宁愿你现在而不是明天告诉我事实真相。
【注意】would rather…than…也可改写成 “would…rather than…”，其用法及含义仍不变。
She would listen to her classmates rather than her parents.
她宁愿听同学的话，也不听父母的。
有时，为表示语气上的强调，可将rather than置于句首。
Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the street.
与其以这种不诚实的方式挣钱，他不如上街去行乞。
(1)“would rather＋动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式(美国英语中多用had rather)。 'd rather为would(或had)rather的缩写形式。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，且无词性、时态变化，它是一个情态助动词。该句式常用来表示选择的意愿，意谓“宁可……”、“宁愿……”、“最好……”。
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?
你宁愿喝哪一种饮料，茶还是咖啡？
(2)would rather后面跟从句时，其从句谓语动词常用过去时来表示现在或将来的动作。
I'd rather you forgot the unpleasant experience in the city.
我宁愿你把在城市不愉快的经历忘掉。
(3)would rather后还可接动词的完成式，表示主语要做某事，而结果却事与愿违。
We ourselves would rather have left on December 16th, but we didn't because of the bad weather.
我们本想在12月16日动身的，但因为天气原因没有离开。
— Will you join us in the game?
— Thank you, ______
A. but why not?
B. but I'd rather not.
C. and I won't.
D. and I'll join.
B 由问句“你愿意参加我们的游戏吗？”及答句“谢谢”可知应填入表示转折的词，而A表示“但是为什么不参加呢？”，不符合语境。只有B“但是我不想参加”才与问句吻合。
怎样写好描写文
一、描写文概述
描写(Description)就是用生动、形象的语言把人物、事物、景物等的特征和性质活灵活现地刻画或描绘出来，使读者如见其人，如闻其声，如临其境。为了使人或事物的特征跃然纸上，我们往往在写文章时把叙述和描写结合起来。描写就是形象化的叙述。
1. 描写文的分类
就描写对象而言，描写可分为人物描写、景物描写和场面描写等。
(1)人物描写：指描写人物的肖像、语言、动作、心理活动及生活细节等，旨在塑造活灵活现的人物。
(2)景物描写：是指对山川风光、鸟树鱼虫、风花雪月等的描写。
(3)场面描写：指对一个特定时间和地点发生的事情的描写，如劳动场面、会议场面、战斗场面等的描写。
2．描写文的语言
描写文的语言特征就是大量使用动词和具有定语性质的形容词进行描述，使我们所接触的人或事物能够具体、形象地表现出来。为了使文章更生动，要适当地运用形容词、同义词或派生形容词、副词等，避免重复、单调。
3．描写文的具体写法
(1)描写文的写法多种多样，可以先从具体描写某一事物开始，然后再泛写与之相关的其他事物；也可以先写不重要的事物，最后重点突出所要描写的事物；也可以按照事物所处的空间顺序，如前后左右等，来描述事物。
(2)灵活运用各种修辞手法
根据需要恰当地运用比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法，使描述更生动、形象，更好地说明问题。如：
He says he is almost as busy as a bee.
他说他忙得团团转。(比喻)
My heart is like a singing bird.
我心情舒畅。(比喻)
(3)要写好描写文，既要有丰富的想象力和敏锐的观察力，还要具有语言描写能力。因此，我们在中学阶段应该有意识地努力培养这两种能力。在日常生活中多观察周围的事物，并在英语学习中，进行广泛的阅读，多积累词汇、素材，多做练习。
二、写作模板
第一段：导语，揭示核心内容。
如：On May Day…went to…
第二段：描述主体，对事件的详细描述。
如：Upon their arrival… Then they started… When it was time…
第三段：结束语，概括总结。
例如：What they did has…
三、典例分析
1．试题要求
写一篇短文，简述Green School受欢迎的原因。要求包含以下内容：
(1)历史悠久；
(2)校园美丽；
(3)设备良好。教学楼、实验楼、语音室、计算机房、图书馆及体育馆都是全市最好的；
(4)收费合理；
(5)教师出色，大部分毕业于名牌大学。他们有耐心，有经验，热爱学生。
注意：不要逐条翻译。不少于150词。
Why is Green School so popular?
Green School is a beautiful school with a long history, in which trees and flowers are growing here and there. Having the best facilities such as the classroom buildings, the experiment labs and the sound labs, the computer rooms, the library as well as the gymnasium, the school is equipped very well. What's more, it is less costly than other schools. Even so, teachers in the school are excellent, and most of them graduated from famous universities and colleges. These experienced teachers who are devoted to their teaching are patient with students and have deep love for the students as well.
3．佳作赏析
4．满分揭秘：
要点齐全，表达准确，层次清晰，行文连贯，给人一气呵成之感。文章足以显示作者扎实的语言功底和驾驭语言的能力，是一篇名副其实的满分作文。
四、小试牛刀
你校正在开展“创建文明班级，共建和谐校园”活动，请根据下面内容，以A Meaningful Activity 为题写一篇短文，向《英语辅导报》投稿，介绍有关情况。
主题同陋习告别，与文明握手目的1. 根除乱扔、乱吐、男生留长发、吸烟、喝酒等现象；2. 提倡穿校服、讲礼貌。 内容举办图片展，进行教室、宿舍美化评比等。注意：
1．词数：不少于150词；
2．参考词汇：文明civilization；和谐的harmonious
One possible version：
A Meaningful Activity
Our school has now started an activity called “Build Civilized Classes and a Harmonious Campus”. The slogan is “Get Rid of Bad Habits and Greet Civilization”．
Bad habits do exist. Some students throw rubbish everywhere or spit in public. Some boys wear long hair. Others are even addicted to smoking and drinking. We require that students get rid of these bad habits.
We urge students to wear their school uniforms and be polite to others.
During the activity, we'll hold a picture show, a competition for classroom and dormitory decorations and some other events.
We all hope that we can turn each class into a civilized one and our campus into a harmonious place.