Unit 2 The environment【1】 lay vt. (laid, laid) 产卵，下蛋；放置，摆设，搁
She laid the baby down gently on the bed.
她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。
The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests.
杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。
lie — lay — lain — lying vi. 躺，位于，在于
lie — lied — lied — lying vi. 说谎
lay — laid — laid — laying vt. 放，搁，产卵，下蛋
lay the table 摆桌子
lay hopes on 寄希望于
lay down 放下
lay off 解雇
lay…to… 归(罪)于……
lay emphasis on 把重点放在……上面
layer n. 层，表层；层次，阶层
①________ on the grassland, we could feel the cool air blowing and watch the stars glittering in the sky.
②________ cannot cover up facts.
③Why don't you __________ the problem aside？④The little girl __________ on the grass ________ that she had __________ the book on the table.
⑤These hens began to __________ eggs in early spring.
⑥The boy __________ his failure in exam to his lack of experience.
①Lying
②Lies
③lay
④lying; lied; laid
⑤lay
⑥laid
【2】 concern n. 关心，关系，忧虑 v. 与……相关，涉及，使关心；挂念
There is a public concern about corruption.
公众对于腐败很关心。
Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you.
不要干涉/影响与你无关的事。
concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的，烦恼的
be concerned about/for/over 为……担心/忧虑/ 烦恼
We are all concerned about/for/over your safety.
我们都很为你的安全担心。
concerning prep. 关于
We have a person who will be in charge of letters concerning public complaints.
我们有专人负责处理关于公众投诉的信件。
be concerned with(一般是某人充当主语)与……相关；涉及
be concerned to do 认为做某事重要
She was concerned to write about situations that everybody could identify with.
她认为有必要写出让大家都能看得清楚的事态的本来面目。
concerned adj. 担心的，关注的
as far as I'm concerned 在我看来
①He is now having a hard time, ______ about the problem ______ the public transportation of the city.
A. concerning; concerning
B. concerned; concerning
C. concerned; concerned
D. concerning; concerned
②______， you can stay the whole summer.
A. Whoever it concerned
B. As far as I'm concerned
C. As you are concerned
D. Concerning you and me
①B 第一空是形容词短语充当原因状语，第二空为介词“关于”。
②B
【3】辨析debate, argue, discuss
(1)debate强调正式的、公开的辩论，目的在于说服对方。后接名词或连接词引导的不定式短语，不接that从句；
That subject was hotly debated among them.
他们就那个话题进行热烈地辩论。
(2)argue强调就自己的看法、立场，条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由，以说服他人。后接名词或that从句，不可接what，when，whether等引导的从句和不定式；
Xiao Wang argued with the teacher that he did nothing wrong.
小王与老师争辩说他没做错什么。
(3)discuss 强调交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的意思。后接名词、动名词、不定式短语或what，when，whether引导的从句，但不接that从句。
If you would like to discuss the matter further, please call me.
如果你想进一步讨论那个问题，请打电话给我。
【1】 in addition 另外，而且，用来表示递进关系。
in addition to…除了……外。这是一个介词短语，其后要接名词、代词或动名词充当宾语。
He can't go out with you because he is busy with his homework. In addition, the weather is bad.
他不能和你外出。因为他正在忙于做作业，而且天气不好。
In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.
除了这些安排以外，另增救护车值班至午夜。
表示递进关系的词还有：besides, what's more, moreover, still more, what's better/worse, to make things better/worse等。
①______ giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.
A. In addition
B. Despite
C. In addition to
D. In spite of
用in addition to/in addition填空
②It is said that the animals eat, __________ leaves, a great deal of fruit.
③The teacher answered my questions and gave me some advice __________.
④—Do you think I should get a good guidebook?
—Yes, of course. __________， you also need a good camera and comfortable shoes.
⑤____________ John and Kate, their father and mother are coming to visit us the next day.
①C 这里为介词短语，表示“除了……”，而B、D项是表示“不顾”。
②in addition to
③in addition
④In addition
⑤In addition to
【2】 cut back on 削减，缩减，相当于cut down on。
Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar.
要尽量少吃脂肪和糖分含量过高的食品。
cut across 走捷径
cut away 切除，剪掉
cut in 插嘴，干预
cut off 切断，停掉
cut down 削减，砍倒
cut up 切碎
cut out 裁剪出；切掉
cut short 使停止，中断
①The electricity was __________ because of the heavy storm.
②They should plant more trees if they want to __________ trees for wood.
③To make the dish, you should first __________ the vegetables.
④He __________ an article about Liu Xiang from the newspaper.
⑤The moment I began to speak, he __________.
⑥They have already __________ production by 20%.
①cut off
②cut down
③cut up
④cut out
⑤cut in
⑥cut back on
【3】 see…as… “将……视为”，其被动形式为 be seen as…
After his first novel was published, he was seen as one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation.
在他的第一部小说出版后不久，他就被视为他这一代最杰出的新秀作家之一。
常见的表示“把……当成/看成……”的短语有：
regard…as…， consider…as / to be…， think / believe/ suppose…as…， take…as…， have…as…， recognize…as…等。
______ as one of the best sellers, the book will be published for a third time.
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Seen
D. To be seen
C 过去分词短语充当原因状语，与逻辑主语the book之间为被动关系。
【4】 keep…in mind 记住
Students should keep it in mind that they must study hard.
学生们应该记住必须要努力学习。
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep fit ＝ keep healthy 保持健康
keep off 避免吃某物，回避话题
keep on 继续；保持
keep out 关在门外；不准入内
keep out of 躲开；置身于……之外
keep to 不偏离道路，不跑题，坚守
keep up 天气持续不变，跟上
keep up with 跟上；不落后；赶上
make up one's mind 作出决定
never mind不要紧
have no mind to do sth. 不想做某事
have sth. on one's mind把某事挂在心上，担心某事
absence of mind心不在焉
read sb.'s mind/thoughts 知道某人在想些什么
put/set one's mind to 全神贯注于……，专心于……
off sb.'s mind被某人忘怀，被某人抛在脑后
lose one's mind 发狂，精神错乱
if you don't mind 要是你不反对；要是你不介意；如果你不当心
Great minds think alike.
[谚] 英雄所见略同。
①处理紧急情况时要牢记最重要的事情是要保持镇静。
________________________________________________________________________
②别让孩子晒着。
________________________________________________________________________
③我尽量不吃高脂肪食物。
___________________________________________
①The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
②Keep the baby out of the sun.
③I'm trying to keep off fatty foods.
【5】 hide from one's responsibility to…躲避某人对……的责任
responsibility n. 责任，责任感
take responsibility for…承担对……的责任
Children should be taught to take their responsibilities to the society, not hide from them.
应该教育孩子去承担他们对社会的责任，而不是逃避责任。
responsible adj. 负责任的
be responsible for…对……负责
Who will be responsible for the accident?
谁将对此事故负责？
response n.
回答
respond v．回答
He feels as if he alone ______ what had happened.
A. is responsible to
B. should be responsible to
C. be responsible for
D. were responsible for
D as if后的从句可用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反时，be动词用were形式。
【1】 Then we will open the floor for discussion.
之后我们将展开自由讨论。
句中the floor为“发言权”，open the floor 进行/开始自由发言。
be given/get/have the floor 有发言权
hold the floor 发言，长篇大论的发言(尤指使他人无法发言)
After an hour's formal debate, the chair opened the floor and made a final discussion.
经过一个小时的正式辩论之后，主席发了言并作出了最终的裁决。
After they had each said a few words, Professor White took the floor.
他们各自说了几句话后，怀特教授开始发言。
【2】 The world's population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.
目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的6倍多。
population n. 人口，人口数；人，居民(集合名词)
population 表示“人口”时是不可数名词；表示“(某一地区的)全体居民”时是可数名词。
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
中国人口比日本人口多得多。
About 30 percent of the population in the village have been struck by the illness.
整个村庄约30%的人口受到这种病的侵袭。
(1)表示“人口多/少”： a large/small population；
问一个地方的人口数：What is the population of…
表示一个地方拥有多少人口：have/with a population of…
(2)表示“增长”、“减少”的一些表达方式：
表示增长到：grow to, increase to, rise to, climb to；
表示以……(程度/比例/比率)增长：grow/increase/rise/climb by…
表示减少到：fall/drop/decrease to…
表示以……(程度/比例/比率)减少：fall/drop/decrease by…
①This is a beautiful village with a ______ population of 300, and only 15% of them ______ to develop the village into a tourist resort.
A. little; agrees
B. little; agree
C. small; agree
D. small; agrees
②It is quite amazing that the income of the people in the city has ______ 60% in the last two years.
A. increased
B. risen by
C. decreased by
D. grown to
①C 第一空表示“人口少”，用small；第二空用复数谓语，是因为主语population在这里表示“村民”、“居民”。
②B 根据后面的百分比可知用介词by, 又根据其前面的amazing及全句的意思可知是“增长”了60%。
【3】 But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.
但有一点我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的解决办法。
key “答案，解决办法”。句中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词充当宾语。
In my opinion, the key to solving the problem is to cooperate rather than argue.
依我的观点，解决这个问题的办法就是合作，而不是争论。
如何写好名词性从句
掌握了写好简单句的基础学习，要写好名词性从句就很容易了。什么样的名词性从句就应该置于什么位置。但是使用名词性从句主要应注意其引导词的用法与区别、何时用it作形式主语或形式宾语来代替真正的主语从句或宾语从句等。
(1) He told a lie to everyone. It is wrong. (合并成一个复合句)
That he told a lie to everyone is wrong.
(2) That he told a lie to everyone is wrong. I think…(合并成复合句)
I think that he told a lie to everyone is wrong.
① 若宾语从句后还有补足语，要用 it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句尾。
根据英语语言表达方式，如果主语从句或宾语从句太长，可用it作形式主语或形式宾语，真正主语和宾语置于后面，则得出该句最标准的语表达句式：
I think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
(3) Something was going on in the art. They were interested in it.(合并成一个复合句)
两句合并成一个句子，首先语义上要符合逻辑，这样可以确定主从句；再根据语法结构及连词的用法表述句子，得出该句为：They were interested in what was going on in the art. (宾语从句)或为：They were interested in something that
was going on in the art. (that…为定语从句，something that ＝ what)
翻译下列句子
1. 我猜想你对政治不感兴趣。
______________________________________________
2. 我不知道李甜甜是否能按时到这里。
______________________________________________
3. 为了更好地掌握我们所学的，我们应该被给予更多的机会来运用它。
______________________________________________
4. 你要哪一个就挑选哪一个。
________________________________________________________________________
5. 这位教授给我们提出了一些如何学好英语的建议。
________________________________________________________________________
6. 今天的中国不再是50年前的中国。
________________________________________________________________________
7. 问题是我们什么时候完成这项工程。
______________________________________________
8. 这就是古泗州城所处的位置。
______________________________________________
9. 这位画家是什么地方人我们都不知道。
______________________________________________
10. 我们什么时候开运动会还是个问题。
______________________________________________
1. I imagine that you're not interested in politics.
2. I don't know whether Li Tian－tian will be here on time.
3. We should be given more opportunities to use what we've learned in order to have a better grasp of it.
4. You may choose whichever you want.
5. The professor gave us some advice on how we could learn English well.
6. China of today is no longer what it was fifty years ago.
7. The question is when we'll complete the works.
8. This was where the Old Sizhou Town lay.
9. Where the painter is from is unknown to us all.
10. It is still a question when we'll have our sports meet.