Unit 2 Sporting events【1】allow vt.允许，准许
allow (doing) sth. 允许(做)某事
We don't allow eating in the classroom.
(我们)不允许在教室吃饭。
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
My parents don't allow me to stay up late at night.
我父母不允许我晚上熬夜。
allow sb. sth. 给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人有(拥有或带有)某物
I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now.
如果你现在付款，我可以给你打9折。
allow for 考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅
We should allow for every possible delay.
我们应该考虑到任何可能的延误。
allowance n. 津贴，补贴
Do you get an allowance for clothing?
你有服装补贴吗？
We don't allow ______ here, but we allow them ______ there.
A. parking; to park
B. to park; parking
C. to park; to park
D. parking; parking
【答案】A
【2】 honour (美honor) v. 尊敬，给予荣誉 n. 荣誉(不可数)；光荣
The young should honour the aged.
年轻人应该尊敬长者。
It is an honour to have dinner with you.
与你一起吃饭是我的荣幸。
in honour of 向……表示敬意，纪念……
In honour of her motherland, she named it “Polonium”．
为了表达对祖国的敬意，她给它命名为“钋”。
①Washington, a state in the United States，was named ______ one of the greatest American presidents.
A. in honor of
B. instead of
C. in favor of
D. by means of
②学生应该尊敬老师。
_____________________________________________
③I feel honoured to have been asked to speak here.
_____________________________________________
①A
②The students should show their honour to their teachers.
③应邀在这里讲话我深感荣幸。
【3】 light (lit, lit/lighted, lighted) vt. 点火，点燃 n．光，光亮；灯，灯光 adj.明亮的；轻的；浅色的
We lit the candle and the candle lit the room.
我们点着了蜡烛，蜡烛照亮了房间。
His eyes lit up when she walked into the room.
看到她走进房间，他两眼一亮。
a light blue sky 淡蓝色的天空
The basket is very light; I can easily pick it up.
篮子很轻，我可以很容易地拿起来。
The team consists of four Europeans and two Americans.
这支队伍由4名欧洲人和2名美国人组成。
For her, happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.
对她而言，幸福在于看看电视和读读杂志。
Theory should consist with practice.
理论应当与实践相一致。
【注意】lighted与lit的差异，lighted可以作定语，而lit不可以作定语。
a lighted candle (正)
a lit candle (误)
一根燃着的蜡烛
【拓展】lightning n. 闪电
come to light 被曝光，众所周知
in the light of 根据，当作
give light to 解释
He came in, ________________ in his hand.
他走进来，手里拿着一盏点亮的灯。
with a lighted lamp
【4】 competevi. 竞赛；比赛
Will you compete in the race?
你会参加这个比赛吗？
The two teams are competing for the championship.
这两个队在争夺冠军。
compete against sb. 与某人竞赛
competition n. 比赛，竞赛
competence n. 能力，胜任
①Several companies ________________________.
为得到那项合同，几家公司正在竞争。
②______________________ on price.
我们在价格上无法与他们抗争。
③He's hoping ________________ the London marathon.
他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。
①are competing for the contract
②We can‘t compete with them
③to compete in
【5】 involve v. 参与，牵涉
The scheme involves computers.
这一方案离不开计算机。
involve sb. in doing sth. 使某人参与某活动
Don't involve me in solving your problem.
你解决你的问题，别把我拉进去。
involve sb./sth. in sth. 使某人/某物陷入(困境)
involve sb. in expense/a lot of trouble 使某人破费/使某人招惹许多麻烦
be deeply involved in debt 债台高筑
be involved in the scandal 被卷入丑闻中
Most people don't realize the amount of effort that is ______ in writing novel.
A. involved
B. involving
C. contained
D. called
A 全句的意思是“大多数人没有认识到写小说所要付出的大量努力”，故用be involved in结构。contain表示“……(物质中)含有……(成分)”。
【6】 attempt vt. & n. 尝试，企图
My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted horrible.
我首次尝试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了。
I attempted walking along the rope.
我试图沿着绳索走。
in an/one's attempt to 力图，试图
a maiden attempt 初次尝试
①Will you at least ________________________？
请你至少尝试着微笑一下好吗？
②He __________________ but was stopped.
他企图离开，但是被阻止了。
①make an attempt to smile
②attempted to leave
【7】 recognise(美recognize)vt. 认出，承认，意识到
He recognized me at once when we met yesterday.
当我们昨天见面时，他立刻认出我来了。
They don't recognize him as their student.
他们不承认他是他们的学生。
I didn't recognize that he was right until he explained it again.
直到他再解释后，我才意识到他是对的。
①____________________________ he came in the room.
他一进屋我就认出了他。
②____________________________ to take the problem seriously.
他们承认需要严肃对待这个问题。
③______________________ the task was not straight forward.
我们意识到这个任务并非轻而易举。
①I recognized him as soon as
②They recognized the need
③We recognized that
【8】辨析divide, separate
(1) divide 指把整体“划分”成若干份，常与into搭配。
The island is divided into two parts.
这个岛屿被分成两部分。
be divided into halves/be divided in half 分成两份
divide up分配
divide among/between 在……之间分配
be divided by 被……除
(2) separate 把原来连在一起或靠近的“分隔开来”，常与from搭配。
Separate the boys who are fighting.
把打架的男孩子们分开。
Physiographically (从地形上)the United States may be ______ three major divisions (区)．
A. divided from
B. divided into
C. separated from
D. separated into
B
【9】 otherwise adv. 另样；否则，要不然(相当于or)
You obviously think otherwise.
显然你的想法与众不同。
He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.
他提醒了我，要不然我就把这事给忘了。
We must run, otherwise we will be late.
我们必须跑，否则我们将会迟到。
Do as you are told, otherwise you will be in trouble.
叫你怎么做你就怎么做，否则就有麻烦了。
①You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ______ you won't pass the course.
A. and
B. so
C. but
D. or
②Thanks for your kind help! We would have ______ lost the game! (2010安徽两地三校联考)
A. Therefore
B. or
C. otherwise
D. then
①D 考查并列连词的用法。or用作并列连词，意为“否则，要不然”，相当于otherwise；and意为“和，而且”；so意为“因此，所以”；but表示转折，意为“但是”。
②C 本句为省略句，省略了“but for your kind help(要不是有你的好心帮忙)”。句意为：感谢你好心帮忙，否则我们就输了比赛。
【10】
transport n. 交通运输系统，运输 v. 运输，输送
Transport to and from the airport is included in the price.
价格中包括往返机场的交通费。
transportation n. 运输业
【注意】transport 和transportation 都可以表示“运输”，但transportation 更多表示运输，transport同时表示运输工具。
①We common people care most for ____________________________.
我们普通人对衣食住行关心最多。
②The city is __________________ to the stadium from downtown.
本市现在提供从市中心到体育场的免费交通。
①clothing, food, shelter and transport
②providing free transportation
【1】 listen to sb. do sth. 听某人做某事
The kids sat in a circle to listen to their mother tell a story.
孩子们坐成一圈，听妈妈讲故事。
listen to sb. do sth. 指听到某人做某事，强调动作的完整性、真实性；而listen to sb. doing也指听到某人做某事，但是强调动作的连续性、进行性。
I listened to him tell a joke yesterday.
昨天我听见他讲笑话了。(强调“我听见了”这个事实)
I listened to him telling a joke yesterday.
昨天我听见他正在讲笑话。(强调“我听见他正在讲笑话”这个动作)
感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel ＋do表示动作的完整性、真实性；＋doing表示动作的连续性、进行性。
She said that she felt someone ______ in the room.
A. to smoke
B. smokes
C. smoked
D. smoking
D
【2】 no matter的用法
(1)独立成句，也可在句中担当成分。
No matter! 不要紧！
No matter, I'll go there on foot.
没事儿，我走路过去。
(2)词组no matter用it作形式主语，真正主语位于句末。
It is no matter that he didn't call me.
他不打电话给我没关系。
(3) no matter与疑问词who, what, where, when, how, whether等连用，意为“无论，不管”，引导让步状语从句。
No matter how much I have to pay, I'll take it.
不管要花多少钱，我也要把它买下来。
No matter whether it is light or dark at that time, we've decided to leave at five o'clock in the morning.
不管到时候是否天亮，我们都已决定早晨5点离开。
no matter ＋特殊疑问词，一般用来引导让步状语从句；而特殊疑问词＋ever，可以用来引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。在引导让步状语从句时，两者是可以相互替换的。
不管是谁违法，都会受到惩罚。
No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.(正)
Whoever breaks the law, he will be punished. ＝ Anyone who/that breaks the law will be punished.(正)
No matter who breaks the law will be punished. (误)
Whoever breaks the law will be punished. (正)
①不管你如何仔细，他们都维持不了很久。
________________________________________________________________________
②无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。
________________________________________________________________________
①They don't last long no matter how careful you are.
②Call me when you get there, no matter what the time is.
【3】 make way for sth./give way to sth.
(1)被取代，被代替(没有被动语态)
Several houses were demolished to make way for an office development.
好几栋房子被拆除以腾出地方来建一座办公楼。
(2)让路，把职位让给某人
On hearing siren from a rushing fire engine, please make way for the vehicle to pass.
一听到呼啸而来的消防车的警报声，请让路让车通过。
I shall make way for a young man.
我要给一个年轻人让出职位。
all the way 一路上，一直；大老远
by the way 顺便说一声；在途中
by way of 经过，经由
find one's way 找到路，设法到达
in a way 在某种程度上；有点，有几分
in no way决不
in the/one's way挡路
lead the way 领路，带路
lose one's way 迷路
make one's way (辛苦地)前进，行走
no way 没门
on the/one's way (to)在途中；渐趋于
under way (船只)航行中，(计划)进行中
①She is on her way ______ a singer.
A. to become
B. becoming
C. in becoming
D. to becoming
②“______， please.” asked the gentleman. Then he ran through the crowd, pushing people ______.
A. Lead the way; out of his way
B. Give way; out of his way
C. Clear the way; in the way
D. Lead the way; on his way
①D
②B give way 表示“让路”；push sb. out of one's way表示“把某人推开”。
【4】 come up (植物)长出地面；(太阳)升起；被提出，被讨论
The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.
雪花莲刚刚开始长出地面。
The question came up at the meeting.
这个问题是在会议上提出来的。
come about 发生，产生
come across 偶然遇见，碰上
come along 出现，发生；进步，进展
come apart 碰碎，崩溃
come at 攻击，冲向；达到；了解
come between 分开，离间；妨碍
come by 得到，获得；访问，看望
come down 下跌；落魄，潦倒
come down to 可归纳为
come in for 受到，遭到
come off 发生，举行；成功；脱落，分开
come on 快，走吧；进步，进展；发生，开始
come out 出现，显露；出版，发表；结果是
come round/around 苏醒，复原；顺便来访
come through 经历……仍活着
come to 苏醒；总数为；涉及，谈到
come up against 突然(或意外)碰到(困难)
come up to 比得上，达到(标准)
①When will his new book ______________？
②Hurry up! There is a heavy storm ______________.
③The passage __________________ William Shakespeare!
④How did this dangerous situation ___________！
⑤I _______________ an old classmate in the street.
⑥The price of the old furniture ______________ dramatically.
①come out
②coming on
③comes from
④come about
⑤came across
⑥comes down
【1】 I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games.
我非常高兴应邀来到贵校跟你们讲述奥运会的历史和意义。
to have been invited是不定式的完成式的被动式，表示该动作在谓语之前已经发生。不定式的一般式to do, 表示动作的反复或尚未发生。不定式的进行式to be doing, 表示动作正在进行。
①据说他正在写一部小说。
________________________________________________________________________
②据说他写了本关于改革的长篇小说。
________________________________________________________________________
①He is said to be writing a novel.
②It is said that he has written a long novel about the reform./He is said to have written a long novel about the reform.