Unit 3 Life in the future
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
He has a typical flattop haircut and speaks with a slight Beijing accent.He says he is an ordinary teacher，just one __1__ 2,500 other history teachers in the city.The history teacher has gone from a nobody in a Beijing high school to a headliner(资讯人物)in newspapers and on the Internet across the country with __2__(believe)speed.He is now known as “the greatest history teacher in history”．
It didn’t happen overnight.Last summer，videos of his lectures __3__(upload) to the Internet and viewed over 10 million times __4__ three months.A little while later，his lectures for CCTV’s famous “Lecture Room”(《百家讲坛》)won __5__ recordhigh audiences.Yuan’s sense of humor is a very __6__(appeal)feature of his style.
Young people also admire him for his nonmainstream(非主流的)points of view on many issues.For instance，unlike many teachers，he is satisfied __7__ a student scores only 60 percent on a history test.
“History is something like literature to enjoy in your leisure time.You don’t need to know about Qin Shihuang if you’re a programming major.But it’s never too late to become interested in history.Even __8__ 70yearold can start，”Yuan said.
Yuan argues that he is __9__ different from other history teachers.He also spends most of his time preparing his students for tests.Yet the talented teacher has the rare ability to bring the history in dull textbooks to life in __10__ he calls “plain Chinese”．
【解题导语】 该文介绍了史上最牛历史老师袁腾飞和他的历史课。
1．解析：考介词的用法，表示众多人当中的一个用one of/among＋名词复数。
答案：among/of
2．解析：考构词法，根据结构，名词前面应用形容词形式，再根据语境要用否定词，表示“难以想象的”的速度。
答案：unbelievable
3．解析：考谓语动词的用法，此句缺谓语，加上videos of his lectures与upload是被动关系，由时间last summer提示，故该空填were uploaded。
答案：were uploaded
4．解析：考介词的用法，表示三个月之内就浏览了一千万次，用介词within。
答案：within
5．解析：考代词的用法，win后面带双宾语，间接宾语用代词的宾格，故填him。
答案：him
6．解析：考非谓语动词作前置定语的用法，名词前面用形容词，appeal的形容词是appealing，表示“引起兴趣的”。
答案：appealing
7．解析：考从属连词的用法，该空填if表示条件或when表示时间，即“如果/当他的学生历史考试只得60分他也满足了”。
答案：if/when
8．解析：考冠词的用法，泛指一个70岁的老人。
答案：a
9．解析：考副词固定搭配的用法，强调某人和其他人没什么两样用no/not different from＝the same as。
答案：no/not
10．解析：考连接代词的用法，介词in后接宾语从句，该从句缺宾语，引导名词性从句缺主语、表语或宾语用what，what he calls＝what is called，表示“所谓的通俗汉语”之意。
答案：what
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
When the world __1__ the 21st century，the development in __2__ and technology will bring us many more new hopes and chances we’ve never __3__ before. People are hoping to have a peaceful and highly __4__ world. To catch up with the new development and to be __5__ in the new century，the younger generation is __6__ to possess different kinds of knowledge and skills，such as the computer science and the English language. __7__ one will be left behind. Young people should study even __8__ at school and __9__ themselves mentally and physically to __10__ the challenge of the new century.
答案：1.enters 2.science 3.imagined 4.developed 5.successful 6.required 7.Otherwise
8．harder 9.prepare 10.meet
1．After the terrible earthquake，the villagers ________(开始重建家园)．
2．We ________(给某人深刻印象) deeply by your lecture.
3．The film ________(使想起) me of what I had experienced abroad.
4．He is ________(缺乏，缺少) responsiblity.
5．No politicians can ignore the power of the ________(资讯界)．
6．Man can ________(控制，制服) nature.
7．It ________(要求) that he give the evidence.
8．He doesn’t agree with the ________(环境) here.
9．After he graduated，he worked as an ________(助教) at a university.
10．The wife always ________(顺从，屈从) to her husband’s will.
答案：1.settled down to rebuilding their homes 2.were impressed 3.reminded 4.lacking in
5．press 6.master 7.is required 8.surroundings 9.assistant10.bends
Ⅳ.信息匹配
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
The Blue Mercury Hotel has varieties of different hotel rooms for different kinds of people. Book 7 days in advance and you will pay at special rates. The categories are as follows.
A．Ruby No 1: With a balcony. One single bed and a computer，Internet accessible
Max: One person
Price: Regular rate$490 ( per person/per night) With no special rate all year around
B．Sapphire No 2: With a balcony. Two double beds ( all standard rooms)
Max: Four people
Price: Regular rate$220 ( per person/per night)
Special rate$190 ( per person/per night)
C．Emerald No 1: With a balcony. Two double beds or one kingsize bed ( all standard rooms)
Max: Four people
Price: Regular rate$290 ( per person/per night)
Special rate$220 ( per person/per night)
D．Ruby No 2: With a balcony. One bedroom suite with one kingsize bed
Max: Two people
Price: Regular rate$580 ( per person/per night)
Special rate$400 ( per person/per night)
E．Emerald No 3: With a balcony. Twobedroom suite on the top floor of the oceanarium with two kingsize beds
Max: Four people
Price: Regular rate$900 ( per person/per night)
Special rate$760 ( per person/per night)
F．Sapphire No 1: With no balcony. Two double beds ( smaller space)
Max: Two people
Price: Regular rate$120 ( per person/per night)
Special rate$90 ( per person/per night)
请阅读以下游客的信息， 然后匹配游客和他/她在 The Mercury Hotel 居住的房间：
1．Jane and Jessica，college students on holiday excursion，book the room of the Blue Mercury Hotel a fortnight ahead of time；plan to live in a room with the minimum pay.
2．Jim and his newly married bride，arriving tomorrow morning，choose to have a suite with a kingsize bed，for which they budget to pay at most $1,200 for two of them for one night.
3．Two couples on a trip stop at Blue Mercury Hotel. They like the place so much that they agree to stay in the hotel for two nights. Their budget is between $900—700 for each family.
4．For Dave and his wife，they would rather book a suite where they can enjoy the ocean view，concerned less about the price of the room.
5．Doctor King is having a conference at the Blue Mercury Hotel. He has to write his research paper. He wants to stay in a hotel room which has the suitable facilities.
答案：1～5 FDBEA
最近你班举行了以“Should we give money to beggars？”为主题的班会，假设你是主持人，请你根据以下表格提供的信息，为此次班会写一个总结。
一些人认为 另一些人认为
孤寡老人不能自食其力而乞讨；
有些学生因家境贫苦而辍学去乞讨；
有些残疾人只能以乞讨为生； 大部分都是假装的，乞讨只是他们赚钱的一条捷径；这么做会助长懒惰；
结论：应该尽力帮助弱势群体，但给钱时一定要慎重。
【写作要求】
1．文章的开头已给出。
2．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
3．参考词汇：弱势群体 inferior group
【评分标准】
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars and we have different pinions.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars and we have different opinions.
Some believe that we should give money to those who are in bad need of our help. Among these beggars are the elderly，dropouts and the disabled，who can hardly make a living due to old age，poverty or physical inability. Many more students，however，think we shouldn’t give them money because most of the beggars are begging in the hope of earning some easy money. Besides，to give money would encourage them to be lazy even if they have the ability to work.
In general，we should help the people of the inferior group，but we should remain sensible when giving them money.
Ⅵ.读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
I have a friend Monty Roberts who has a horse ranch (牧马场) in San Ysidro. When he was a senior，he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up.
The next day he handed it in to the teacher. On the front was a large red F．The boy with the dream asked，“Why did I receive an F？”
The teacher said，“This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You have no money. You come from an itinerant (四处奔波的) family. You have no resources. Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of money. You have to buy the land. You have to pay for the original breeding stock and later you’ll have to pay large study fees. There’s no way you could ever do it.”
He stated，“You can keep the F and I’ll keep my dream.”
The best part of the story is that two summers ago that same schoolteacher brought 30 kids to camp out on his ranch for a week. When the teacher was leaving，he said，“Look，Monty，I can tell you this now. When I was your teacher，I was something of a dream stealer. During those years I stole a lot of kids’ dreams. Fortunately you had enough belief not to give up yours.”
【写作内容】
学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的“坚守信念”的讨论。读完Monty Roberts的故事之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“Hold on to One’s Belief”，内容要点包括：
1．以约30个词概括Monty Roberts的成长故事；
2．然后以约120个词谈谈你对坚守信念的看法，内容包括：
(1) 坚守信念对一个人成长的重要性；
(2) 举例子论证“坚守信念能使梦想成真”。
【写作要求】
1．在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
【参考范文】
This passage tells us that Monty Roberts，who had such strong belief that he didn’t give up his dream all the time even though he was discouraged，eventually succeeded in owning a horse ranch.
For a person，belief always plays an important role in his/her life. As a saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” Anyone who has strong belief can realize his dream and enjoy a colorful life. Otherwise，he will lose himself in his way of life.
Belief is so important that it can change one’s fate. As a deaf man，Beethoven went on working with his strong belief in the last years of his life，though he was not able to hear his own fine music. Marie Curie，a famous scientist，also set a good example. In 1898，Marie found a new element. In order to improve her discovery，Marie and her husband worked hard. It was because of their great effort that they saw the dim blue light of new element—radium. Her dream came true at last.
From my point of view，it can be seen that one with firmlyheld belief is likely to make a great achievement and master his own life.
(教师用书独具)
第六节 短文改错题常见问题与解决方法
阅卷中发现的短文改错问题较多，我先一一列举如下：
问题一：一致关系方面的错误
主要包括主谓不一致，时态不一致和代词的指代不一致。
谓语动词的单、复数形式要与主语保持一致，动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，代词所指代的内容要与其先行词在人称、单复数、主格、宾格及所有格，以及自身所指代成分意义上保持一致。主语和谓语不一致，时态与语境不一致，或者代词的指代前后矛盾，比如本该用主格用了宾格，或人称混淆的错误，这些都是一致关系方面常出现的考查热点。
问题二：非谓语动词形式的错误
非谓语动词的考查是短文改错常见的热点和难点，比如含有介词to的动词短语后使用了动词原形。介词后面本该用动名词，却用了动词原形，本该用现在分词做状语却用了动词原形或过去分词等现象。
主要是根据非谓语动词在句中的搭配，功能与表达的意义，判断在具体语境中该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，判断to是介词还是不定式符号，判断接带to还是不带to的不定式，判断非谓语动词用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式等。
一味地挖苦、贬低，会导致孩子的反抗，反对父母，反对学校，或者反对整个世界。——布鲁姆
学习中经常取得成功可能会导致更大的学习兴趣，并改善学生作为学习的自我概念。
——布鲁姆
问题三：连接手段的错误
考查连接词的错误。比较常见的设题方式有并列句的连词，状语从句的连词，名词从句的连词，以及定语从句连词使用的错误。此时还要注意行文逻辑方面是否有问题，比如before与after, since的使用错误等。连词使用错误会使上下文的衔接错误。如果是并列句，要注意根据语境判断句子之间是转折、并列、选择、递进还是让步关系，从而选择正确的连词，是用and还是but，或者用or。
问题四：平行结构方面的错误
平行结构指具有相似或相同句法功能的两个或更多词、词组或从句。表达平行概念要使用相同的语法结构，即动词和动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，还有不定式短语等都是这样。平行结构常使用and, but, or或连词词组如not only...but also, not...but..., either...or, neither...nor, as well as等。注意根据语境和前后的搭配判断该结构的正确与否。
问题五：名词的数或格的错误
常见的问题有：
第一，本该用复数名词却用了单数形式，或本该用单数名词却使用了复数形式；
第二，不可数名词加了冠词a，或用了复数形式。
判断文章中名词的使用是否正确，比如不可数名词advice, information用了复数形式，语境表示复数含义却用了可数名词的单数形式，所有格形式使用错误等。
问题六：冠词使用的错误
冠词的错误是高考试卷短文改错中经常出现的热点考查内容之一，几乎年年出现，主要考查单数可数名词前要加冠词，不定冠词与定冠词的区别，以及a和an的区别等。设题的考点在于固定短语中冠词的使用错误，a与an的使用错误。
问题七：词语搭配的错误
主要涉及介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配，副词与动词的搭配等方面的错误，还有英语固定句型及习惯搭配中小词的错误。试题的设计主要有常见的表达方面的错误，比如“在具体某一时刻”用介词on而不用in，动词短语中不同介词搭配表达不同的含义等。
问题八：词性的错误使用
形容词作表语或定语，副词作状语，这些基本的句法常识经常被我们忽略，导致在写作中犯这样的错误，在短文改错中看不出类似的错误。而这些也是高考短文改错中经常设置的错误现象。
高考短文改错常见的词性错误使用的设置有：用形容词作状语，用副词作定语或表语，或本该用形容词却用名词作表语等。
问题九：行文逻辑的错误
行文逻辑错误主要指根据语境判断表示肯定还是否定含义，以及动作或时间顺序的逻辑错误，比如动词come、go与leave的错误使用，before与after动作先后顺序的颠倒。
典例精析：
【例1】 (2009·全国Ⅰ卷)After five years away in my hometown，I find that 76.________
the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed 77.________
a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop 78.________
across the street from our middle school were gone. 79.________
There exist now a park that has a small river running 80.________
through. The factory at the corner of Friendship Street and 81.________
Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and sports 82.________
center has been built in their place. The market at the corner of 83.________
Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84.________
A supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle 85.________
school is still there.
【答案解析】
76．句意说：我离开家乡已经五年，away from“从……离开”，把in改为from.
77．used to do表示“过去常常做某事”。因此used to后接动词原形，把living改为live。
78．句意为：学校对面的那家旧的渔具店已经消失。句中不含对比的意思，把older改为old。
79．本句陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时把were改为are。
80．句子的主语为a park，因此谓语动词应用单数把exist改为exists。
81．正确。
82．sports center为可数名词，在sports center前加a。
83．前文中提到了名词The factory是单数，因此把their改为its。
84．短语give way to“让路，让步”，应用主动语态，去掉been。
85．下句表示转折关系，因此把Besides改为But。
解决方案与指南：
1．先通读全文
认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，承接转折是否符合文意等。注意动词时态，并列结构是否一致。
2.综合运用所学语言知识
一定要以句子为单位而不是以行为单位，特别注意转行的错误以及上下文逻辑。根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。注意改错的类型，一般都是一个对的，删词和加词三处左右，改动的六个。其中需要改动的包括：冠词，形容词和副词的误用，名词的单复数，动词的时态和语态，非谓语动词，连词，介词搭配，等等。改错的写法要正确，原文中要有准确的标志。在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类：
(1)名词：单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。
(2)动词：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间夹杂有另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；接从句需要用虚拟语气的没有用，需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等。
(3)形容词、副词混用。常出现需要形容词的地方用了副词或相反。关系副词where, when, why等的错用，如受“介词＋关系代词”的影响而多加了不必要的介词等。
(4)介词：主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。
(5)主谓一致性：如第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
(6)冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the；a, an的混用，注意，判断一个词的前面加a还是an不是看其首字母是不是元音字母，而是看首字母的发音是不是元音，如an hour, an honest boy, 其首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音音素开始，故用an，而a useful book, a university, a European, a onehour trip，虽然以元音字母开始，但却读作辅音音素的音，故用a。
(7)数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred，写作seven hundreds。
(8)连词：如需要转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反。
(9)词性的混淆。
(10)同义词辨异。
(11)代词：主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性物主代词的用了宾格、主格或相反；关系代词的错用。如只能用that引导的用了其他，或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词＋关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。
(12)常用固定短语用错。
3．验证答案
改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语句通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个地方修改都说得过去，但在上下文中可能只能在一处修改才正确。