练规范、练技能、练速度 come about发生；造成 教材原句P26：So how has this come about and does it matter? 那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会有什么影响吗？ ①Can you tell me how the big fire came about? 你能告诉我大火是怎样发生的吗？ ②I’ll never understand how it came about that you made such a mistake.我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。
辨析：come about，happen，take place与break out (1)come about 发生，产生，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。经常与how连用。 (2)happen 发生，常用词汇，指偶然的，意外的，具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情发生。 (3)take place 发生，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”。 (4)break out指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”。 6.用come about，happen，take place或break out填空： (1)A fire______________during the night，which caused a lot of damage. (2)Luckily the earthquake didn’t________in the center of the city. (3)How did it______________that the dairy products were harmful to children? (4)Great changes______________in our school in the past few years. 答案： (1)broke out (2)happen (3)come about (4)have taken place result in导致 教材原句P26：They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。 ①The accident resulted in three people being killed. 这次事故造成了三人死亡。 ②His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams. 他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。 result from...由……造成；因……而产生 as a result结果 as a result of...由于……的结果 with the result that...其结果是…… without result没有结果；白费 ③However，pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress. 但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。
④Alice overslept this morning.As a result，she was late for work. 艾丽斯今天早上睡过了头，结果上班迟到了。 ⑤About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.20世纪90年代约有2 100万人死于吸烟。 ⑥He has tried very hard to find a job，until now without result. 他努力找工作，但直到现在仍毫无结果。
7.完成句子 (1)由于疏忽所引起的任何损失应由借用者负责赔偿。 Any damage______________________must be paid for by the borrower. (2)最近的研究表明，压力和疲劳常使人精力不集中。 According to a recent study，stress and tiredness often__________ ____________a lack of concentration. 答案： (1)resulting from carelessness (2)result in/lead to
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，而且全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。
在本句型中，that从句是同位语从句，表示doubt的内容。用法与there is a chance that...是一样的。 (1)doubt作为名词，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意此时不可以用if替换whether。 (2)doubt作为动词，若用于否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。 ①There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter. 毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的。 ②There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication. 毫无疑问，收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要方式。 ③I have no doubt that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。 There’s some doubt whether/if he is fit for the job. 他是否胜任这项工作有点疑问。 ④He doubts if she will keep her word. 他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。 ⑤I don’t doubt/have no doubt that he will win the race. 我不怀疑他将赢得比赛。
8.(2010·湖南衡南模拟)We don’t doubt________the people in Beichuan County will recover from the disaster soon and rebuild their homes better than before. A．that
B．if C．what
D．whether 解析： doubt此处用作动词，且句子为否定句，所以用that引导宾语从句；在肯定句中则用whether/if引导宾语从句。 答案： A
9．Some researchers believe that there is no doubt________a cure for AIDS will be found. A．which
B．what C．that
D．whether 解析： There is no doubt that...为固定搭配，意为“……是毫无疑问的”。 答案： C It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！ (1)so long as＝as long as “只要”引导条件状语从句。 ①You may borrow the book as long as/so long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。 ②So long as/As long as you have confidence in yourself，you’ll win.只要你有自信，你会获胜的。 ③You may use the room as you like so long as you clean it up afterwards. 你尽可随意使用这个房间，只要你过后打扫干净即可。
as long as只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。 as long as还可意为“与……一样长，长达……”。 ④We need a rope as long as 30 metres. 我们需要一条30米长的绳子。
10.(2010·江西卷)—Our holiday cost a lot of money. —Did it？Well，that doesn’t matter________you enjoyed yourselves. A．as long asB．unless C．as soon asD．though 解析： 考查连词。句意为：——暑假我们花费了许多钱。——真的吗？只要你玩得开心，那没关系。as long as只要，unless除非，as soon as一……就；though尽管。根据句意，可知A项正确。 答案： A (2)if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式 if so如果这样 if any若有 if necessary如果有必要 ①I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it. 我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。
②Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let’s put the central heating off.有谁感到冷吗？如果没有，就把暖气关掉。 ③Point out errors，if any.若有错误，请指正。 ④Have you got a free evening next week？If so，let’s have dinner together.下周你哪个晚上没事？如果没有事，我们去吃饭吧。 ⑤Take this camera with you，if necessary. 如果有必要，带上照相机去吧！
11.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Though________to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. A．surprisingB．was surprised C．surprisedD．being surprised 解析： 此题考查省略。Though surprised是Though he was surprised的省略。句意为：尽管教授很吃惊看到我们，还是热情地欢迎了我们。 答案： C Ⅰ.选词填空 make a difference；go up；so long as；on the whole；a large quantity of；on behalf of；keep on；put up with 1．The number of people who have lost their jobs______ __________again in this city. 答案： has gone up 2．The boy________________asking silly questions but his mother always answered them patiently. 答案： kept on 3．________________，your composition is good except for a few mistakes. 答案： On the whole 4．The president was busy so his secretary gave the speech _______ _________him. 答案： on behalf of 5．I can’t________________too much noise when I am sleeping. 答案： put up with 6．You can use the room as you like，________________you promise to clean it. 答案： so long as
7．The job will__________________to you so you should think it over carefully. 答案： make a difference 8．______________________airconditioners have been sold in the shop since summer began. 答案： A large quantity of Ⅱ.巧思妙解 1．(2009·福建俊民中学模拟)—How did it________that you made such a silly mistake? —I myself haven’t figured it out yet. A．bring about B．come about C．come acrossD．come on 解析： 句意为：——你怎么会犯如此愚蠢的错误？——连我自己都还没弄明白。B.形成，产生。A.造成，引起；C.偶然发现；D.改进，加油。 答案： B
2．—Have you________some new ideas? —Yeah.I’ll tell you later. A．come aboutB．come into C．come up withD．come out with 解析： 句意为：——你提出了什么新想法吗？——噢，以后我会告诉你的。 答案： C 3．The teacher asked a difficult question，but Ted finally managed to________a good answer. A．put up withB．keep up with C．come up withD．go through with 解析： 句意为：老师问了一道很难的题，但特德最后还是想出了令人满意的答案。put up with忍受；keep up with跟上；come up with提出；go through with(艰难地)完成，履行……诺言。根据句意选C。 答案： C 4．(全国高考)—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? —I don’t mind where we go________there’s sun，sea and beach. A．as if
B．as long as C．now thatD．in order that 解析： 句意为：——暑假有什么打算？——去什么地方都行，只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就可以了。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as if好像；now that既然；in order that为了，不符合语境要求。 答案： B 5．(安徽高考)—Do you have a minute？I’ve got something to tell you. —OK，________you make it short. A．now thatB．if only C．so long asD．every time 解析： 句意为：——你有时间吗？我有事要给你说。——好的，只要长话短说。考查一组短语作连词的用法。now that既然；由于，引导原因状语从句；if only要是……就好了，用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；so long as只要，表示条件；every time每次；每当，表示时间。 答案： C Ⅲ.语法专练 本单元语法——it的用法(Ⅱ) 1．(2011·石家庄市质量检测)I still remember how many years ago________I last met her in the countryside. A．when it wasB．was it that C．when was itD．it was that 解析： 考查强调句型。remember后的部分是宾语从句，从句中含有一个强调句型，被强调部分是how many years ago。 答案： D
2．(2011·东北三校第一次联考)We have made________clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office. A．this
B．that C．it
D．one 解析： 考查it的特殊用法。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that we are strongly against smoking in the office。 答案： C 3．(2011·东城第一学期检测)Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find________hard to survive in the wild. A．it
B．that C．so
D．very 解析： 在think/feel/find等词后，常接it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面，所以答案为A。其实，该句还可以转换为：Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find that it is hard to survive in the wild. 答案： A
4．I’ve just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite.Tom，go and buy________back. A．one
B．any C．it
D．some 解析： it表示同一个；one表示同类。句中提到的对面书店有一本《飘》，把那本书买回来，故选C。 答案： C
5．(2010·郑州第二次检测)—What an exciting party! —Yes，the night seems as if________would never end. A．there
B．time C．that
D．it 解析： 考查代词。空白处填it，指代the night。 答案： D Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦 1．Driving a car to work every day may________(消耗) a large amount of fuel. 答案： consume 2．There is an increasing________(趋势) for women to have children later in life. 答案： trend 3．He________(订阅) to a number of magazines concerned with his research subject. 答案： subscribed 4．Our football match was cancelled as a ________(结果) of the heavy rain. 答案： consequence 5．English is________(遍及广大范围的) and used in most international meetings. 答案： widespread 6．The________(平均的) age of the students in this class is fifteen. 答案： average 7．I don’t________(主张) buying a car for it is not good for the environment. 答案： advocate 8．The girl took a book at________(随意地) from the shelf while she was wandering in the bookshop. 答案： random 9．The writer is used to________(提起精神) himself with a cup of coffee while writing. 答案： refreshing 10．Now________(电子的) appliances are widely used in people’s homes. 答案： electrical Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 1．come
发生；造成 2．subscribe
同意，赞成，订阅 3．go
上升；增长；升起 4．be
to反对…… 5．keep
继续 6．
the whole大体上；基本上 7．on
平均来看
average 低于/高于平均水平 8．put
with忍受；容忍 about to up opposed on on average below/above up
9．and so
等等 10．
of 大量的 11．result
导致 12．even
甚至 13．on
of代表……一方；作为……的代言人 14．so
as只要 on quantities in if behalf long Ⅲ.课文原句突破 1．毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，而且全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that ________ ________ human activity ________ has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 答案： There is no doubt that；it is；that 2．它意味着更多的热能会被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。 It means that more heat energy tends to ________ ________ ________ the atmosphere________the global temperature to go up. 答案： be trapped in；causing
3．即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。 ________ ________ we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 答案： Even if 4．只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！ It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on________ ________ ________you are using it—________ ________，turn it off! 答案： so long as；if not 5．将新材料做成物品需要许多能量，因而，如果有可能请购买用回收材料制成的物品。 ________takes a lot of energy________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials. 答案： It；to make things from new materials quantity n．量；数量；数目，数额 教材原句P26：The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。
①Now many companies are more concerned with quality than with quantity.现在很多公司对质量比对产量更重视。 ②The year 2009 is a wonderful year for TV plays，in terms of both quantity and quality. 2009年的电视剧无论从数量上还是质量上都相当好。 ③Large quantities of information have been collected. 已经收集了大量信息。
④It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity. 如果你大量购买要便宜得多。
a quantity of后同样可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词一般根据其所修饰的名词而定，而quantities of作主语时，不论其后的名词可数或不可数，谓语动词都用复数。
1.(2009·福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water________. A．have polluted
B．is being polluted C．has been polluted D．have been polluted 解析： 句意为：——这条湖水怎么这么难闻？——因为大量的水已经被污染了。water与pollute之间为被动关系，故排除A项；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与quantities保持一致，故排除C项，答案为D项。 答案： D oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 教材原句P27：On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。
①Many people opposed the idea of building a new high way because of the great cost. 由于需要巨额开支，许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。 ②We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.我们坚决反对国与国之间实行强权政治。 ③The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone. 父母极力反对女儿单独去那里。
2.Father is strongly opposed________shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people. A．to do
B．to doing C．of doing
D．with doing 解析： 本题考查be opposed to (doing) sth.短语。be opposed to (doing) sth.意为“反对……”，其中to为介词，后跟名词或动名词。 答案： B average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的；n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准；v.平均为；计算出……的平均数 教材原句P29：The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15 ℃. 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 ℃。
①There’s nothing special about him；he’s only average. 他没有什么特别的，他很普通。 ②On average people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。 ③Tom’s work at school is above (the) average，while Harry’s is below (the) average. 汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而哈利的功课在一般以下。 ④Our weekly profits average out at about $750. 我们每周的平均利润约为750美元。 3.(2010·江西卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000，a(n)________of 40,000 per year. A．average
B．number C．amount
D．quantity 解析： 句意为：去年毕业时就有驾照的学生数量已达到20万，平均每年4万。本题考查名词辨析。average 平均，平均数；a number of 许多，大量，修饰可数名词；an amount of 许多，大量，与不可数名词连用；a quantity of 许多，大量的，修饰可数和不可数名词。根据句意，选A。 答案： A circumstance n．环境；情况，通常用作复数形式 教材原句P30：Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；情况既然如此 in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(放句首时主句用倒装语序)
①Circumstances permitting，I’ll go abroad to study. 情况允许的话，我要出国学习。 ②In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。 ③I had to give up my attempt in the circumstances. 在此情况下我必须放弃我的尝试。 ④Under no circumstances can you leave this house! 你无论如何都不能离开这所房子。 4.Under no circumstances________to move to a new place far away from her workplace，because it isn’t convenient for her family and herself. A．Karen will agree
B．will Karen agree C．Karen will disagree D．will Karen disagree 解析： 句意为：因为对于Karen和她的家庭来说搬到远离她的工作地点去住是太不方便，所以她决不同意搬家。题中因为under no circumstances(决不)这一否定短语开头，故此应用倒装结构，排除A、C。根据句意可以排除D选项。 答案： B glance vi.& n．瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视，后常跟at，down，over，through 教材原句P27：Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.迅速看一下杂志上的文章并回答问题。
①He glanced over the morning paper and went out. 他匆匆地浏览了晨报然后出去了。 ②The boy glanced at the envelope and recognized his friend’s handwriting. 小男孩看了一下信封，就认出了他朋友的字体。 ③Tom glanced at/took a glance at the newspaper headlines. 汤姆匆匆看了一眼报纸的大标题。 ④At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看问题似乎很简单。
5.完成句子 我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。 I________________________________the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience. 答案： took a glance at (1)a quantity of大量的
quantities of＋许多的，大量的
in quantity大量的
(2)quality n．质量
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)average sth.out算出……的平均数
(1)
(2)at a glance立刻，一眼；(只)看一眼
at first glance乍一看，乍看之下
take/show/throw a glance (at sb./sth.)
(朝某人/某物)一瞥；看一眼