第11讲 倒装句
倒装的两种考法：
1. 放在单项选择题中，考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握；
2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。
倒装的两种形式：
1. 完全倒装： 将整个谓语动词提到主语前。
2. 部分倒装：即半倒装，将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。
一、完全倒装
【翻译句子】
(1)车来了。
Here comes the bus.
(2)铃响了。
There goes the bell.
(3)孩子们冲出来了。
Out rushed the children.
(4)那个男孩离开了。
Away went the boy.
【结论1】表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首，句子用完全倒装。
【疑难】
Here it is.
In she came.
Away he went.
【疑难剖析】当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。
【完成例句】
(5)河的南面有一家小工厂。
In south of the river lies a small factory.
(6)山谷里传来一声喊叫。
From the valley came a cry.
【结论2】地点状语放在句首且谓语动词为come, live, lie, go等时用完全倒装。
【翻译句子】
(7)Such are the facts.
情况就是如此。
(8)生活就是这样。
Such is life.
(9)The following is the answer to the question.
这个问题的答案如下。
【结论3】 such, the following等放句首时， 句子要完全倒装。
【翻译句子】
(10)山顶上有一幢高楼。
There is a tall building on the top of the mountain.
(11)山顶上耸立着一座古塔。
There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.
【结论4】There lie / exist /
stand / live ＋主语＋…是there be 句型的变式。
【例句观察】
Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生，还有一些别的宾客。
Seated on the ground are a group of young men.
坐在地上的是一群年轻人。
【结论5】“表语＋系动词＋主语”的结构。
【注意】此时，主语较长，可还原为正常语序即：主＋系动词＋表语。
二、部分倒装
将情态动词、助动词、be提到主语前。 (通常可以还原为正常的语序，并以此检验倒装句是否正确。)
【翻译句子】
(12)Little does he know about the news.
他对这消息知之甚少。
(13)By no means can he catch up in such a short time.
他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。
【结论1】含有否定意义的副词或短语如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly / scarcely…when…， no sooner…(than)…， not only…(but also), at no time, by no means等放在句首时，需用部分倒装。
【疑难1】
He is active in personality, and he seldom stays indoors. (无助动词)
He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors. (添加does)
【疑难剖析1】若原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do, does 或did。
【疑难2】
Not only children but also adults are interested in the film Harry Potter.
【疑难2】Not not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将not only所连接的句子提到句首时，才可用倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。
【疑难3】
I had hardly got to the airport when the plane took off.
→Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off. (注意谓语动词形式)
【疑难剖析3】在“hardly / scarcely…when / no sooner”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。
【疑难4】
The villagers did not realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.
→Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
(将until后面的全部内容提前)
【疑难剖析4】not until提前时，要用倒装，且必须将not until后面的全部内容提前，而不仅仅是not until这两个词。
【疑难5】
I neither wanted to see the film nor bought the ticket.
→Neither did I want to see the film nor did I buy the ticket.
【疑难剖析5】neither… nor 句型中两个句子都需要部分倒装。
【完成例句】
(14)— 我有大量的工作要做。
— I've got an enormous amount of work to do.
— 我也是。
—So have I.
(15)他，和他全家人一样，相信你是无辜的。
He believed, as did all his family, that you were innocent.
(16)如果她不同意这个计划，Tom也不会同意。
If she doesn‘t agree to the plan, neither will Tom.
【结论2】so / as / neither / nor 为标志词放在句首时，句子用倒装。
①表示前面所说的肯定情况，也适合于另一人或物时，句式如下：
so / as ＋ be (助动词或情态动词)＋ 主语。
②表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物时，句式如下：
neither (nor)＋ be (助动词或情态动词)＋ 主语。
【特别提醒】
① “so ＋主语＋助动词(或be动词)”表示对上文肯定的内容加以肯定或赞同，意为“的确如此”；例如：
— It's raining hard. 天下着大雨。
— So it is. 是的。
② “主语＋did ＋so”表示：“主语”这样做了。 例如：
Tom asked me to go to play football with him and I did so.
Tom要我去踢足球，我去了。
【完成例句】
(17)你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。
Only in this way
can you learn English well.
(18)只有他有时间的话他才会来。
Only if he has time will he come here.
(19)他被请了3次才来开会。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
(20)Only that boy can work out the problem.
只有那个男孩才能解答出这个问题。
(21)Only socialism can save China.
只有社会主义才能救中国。
【结论3】
①“only ＋ 状语(或状语从句)”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。
②only之后跟的不是状语时不可倒装。
【翻译句子】
(22)如果我是你，我就不会那样做。
Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
【结论4】在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时，可将if 省略，而把 were, had, should 移到句首。
【特别提醒】
①若从句是否定句，则必须将 not放在主语后。
② had必须是助动词。
【完成例句】
(23)暴风雨如此厉害，整个屋顶都被吹掉了。
So terrible was the storm that the whole roof was blown off.
(24)杰克是如此聪明的孩子，他能解答所有这些难题。
Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.
【结论5】在 “so…that” 和 “ such…that”结构中，将“so＋adj. ”和“such＋n. ”提到句首时，句子用部分倒装。
【疑难】how和what引起的感叹句
①How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语。
②What ＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。
What a clever boy he is!
How blue the sky looks!
How fast time flies!