第13讲 it的用法及强调句型
it的用法
一、it作指示代词
【完成句子】
用one，ones，it，that，those填空
(1) — I can't find my watch.
— You haven't found ______？ If you want to buy a new ______， I suggest you buy ______ made in China.
(2) We've got a big cup and two small ______.
(3) The weight of an elephant is much greater than ______ of a tiger.
(4) The books on the first shelf are easier than ______ on the second shelf.
(5) The boy told his story and ______ of the girl upstairs.
【答案】
(1) it; one; one
(2) ones
(3) that
(4) those / the ones
(5) that / the one
【结论1】
①指代上文提过的事物时，it指的是同名同物，相当于the＋名词；
②one指的是同名异物，表示单数可数名词相当于a ＋名词；a / an＋形容词＋one等于a / an＋形容词＋名词；复数形式用ones；
③that后面常有后置定语，有特指意义，代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，相当于the＋名词；
④复数名词用those，相当于the ones。
【例句观察】
— Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it?
— It must be Leo. He said he'd come to see me.
【结论2】it指代人时，常指小孩或身份不明的人。
【例句观察】
It's too quiet in the room. Everyone just keeps silent.
【结论2】it可用以指代环境或情况。
【完成例句】
根据语境补全句子
(6)— What time is it now?
— It's half past seven.
(7)— It is spring now and it's warm these days.
【结论4】 it可用以指代时间、季节、天气或距离。
【注意】 it指代时间时，有如下一些句型：
(1) It is time for sth. (for sb.)to do sth. / that－从句(should do /
did, 必须用虚拟语气)
例： ① It's time for lunch.
② It's time for us to clean the house.
③ It's time that we should clean the house.
＝It's time that we cleaned the house.
(2) It is
/ has been ＋ some time ＋ since－从句 (从句用一般过去时)
(3) It / This is the first
/ second…time that－从句(必须使用现在完成时)
这是某人第……次做了某事。
It /
That was the first /
second…time that－从句(必须使用过去完成时)
例：①It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall.
②This was the first time that I had come late to school.
(4) It was ＋时间点 ＋ when －从句
例： It was evening when we got home.
＝It was evening in which we got home.
(5) It was / will be ＋ some time ＋ before －从句
例：①过了5年他们才从北大毕业。
It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University.
②不久，我们就要从我们学校毕业了。
It won't be long before we graduate from our school.
二、it作形式主语
【完成例句】
根据语境补全句子
(8) It is possible for me to make a tour around the world.
【结论】代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正主语。为平衡句子，通常把不定式作主语改为it 作形式主语。
三、it作形式宾语
【例句观察】
①How did it come about that so many people were attacked?
② She feels it hard to get in touch with her old friend.
③ Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere.
④ I have made it a rule to get up early.
【结论1】
①it可以用在某些固定句型中，例如：
How did it come about that－从句意为“……怎么发生的？”
②it 作形式宾语常用结构有：代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语。常见结构有：
主语＋ think / consider / find / feel / make / believe / regard ＋it＋adj. / n. (for sb.)to do.
【例句观察】
I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.
【结论2】主语＋ think / consider / find / feel ＋it＋ no good / use doing sth.
【例句观察】
I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.
【结论3】主语＋hate / dislike / love / like ＋it ＋ when－从句，表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶。
【例句观察】
I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.
【结论4】主语＋appreciate ＋ it＋ if－从句
【例句观察】
①You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.
②You can depend upon it that we won't give up.
③I answer for it that she is an honest girl.
【结论5】主语＋see to /
answer for it＋ that－从句(确保……)
主语＋depend on it ＋that－从句(指望，确信……)
四、带it的一些固定词组
1．(You've / I've) got it. 懂了，明白了
2. Forget it. 算了吧，别在意，没关系。
3. take it easy 别着急，慢慢来；别过于紧张
4. make it 办得到，做成功
5. make it ＋时间 把……定在(某时)
6. It
/ That (all) depends. 那要看情况而定。
7. It can't be helped. 没有办法。 / 这是不可避免的。
8. It is hard to say. 情况很难说。
9. It comes to nothing. 没有什么结果。
10. Don't mention it. 不用谢。
11. That's it.
对了；正是。
12. catch it(口语)被责骂； 受处罚
13. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。
14. It doesn't matter. 没有关系； 不要紧；
15. When it comes to…当谈到……； 当涉及……
16.
Keep it up. 再接再厉。
强调句型
一、强调句型的基本用法
1．强调句结构：It is / was ＋ 被强调部分＋that＋ 句子的其余部分。
2．句型解读：
(1) it是引导词，强调的内容可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语。如果被强调的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情况一律用that。
(2) 验证强调句的方法： 去掉It is / was…that 结构后，可以把被强调的部分与句子其余部分还原为一个完整的句子。
二、强调句型的考点
【例句观察】
(1) It was Edison who invented the lamp.
(2) It is Edison who invents the lamp.
【结论1】注意时态的一致性。原句中用的是过去的某种时态， 用it was…that…；原句中用的是现在或将来的某种时态，用it is…that…
【例句观察】
It is I that am your English teacher.
【结论2】当被强调的部分是主语时，注意保持主谓一致。
【例句观察】
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. (对画线部分进行强调)
→ It wasn't until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (强调句)
【结论3】not …until …结构用于强调句中，not 要提前到until之前，放在be动词后。即：It wasn't until …that ＋句子的其余部分。
【例句观察】
Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed?
【结论4】强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it ＋ 被强调部分＋ that＋句子的其余部分。
【完成句子】
When was it that he went to bed?
【结论5】强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋ is / was it＋ that ＋ 句子的其余部分。
【例句观察】
I really don't know when it was that he went to bed.
【结论6】含有强调句型的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，注意用陈述语序。
【疑难】It is in the city where he was born that he works.
他工作的地方是他出生的那个城市。
【疑难剖析】强调句中的被强调部分含有一个定语从句，要注意区别、分析。
It is / was ＋被强调部分＋定语从句＋that (who)＋句子的其余部分