高考体验 模拟演练 本部分内容讲解结束 点此进入课件目录 按ESC键退出全屏播放 谢谢使用 * 语法专项训练(十二) 高考体验 模拟演练 特殊句式
语法专项训练 (十二) 特殊句式 主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。 Two students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。 二、意义一致原则 (一)谓语动词为单数的情况 1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 2．作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each，every，no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to work hard. 每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。 No teacher and no student likes the film. 老师和学生都不喜欢电影。 3．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好的习惯。 Whatever was left was taken away. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。 【温馨提示】 what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What they need are books.他们需要的是书。 (二)谓语动词用复数的情况 1．由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。 2．people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。 三、就近一致原则 1．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 (2009年高考湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients. 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。 【温馨提示】 如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。 (2009年高考陕西卷)Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer. Dr.Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。 In my opinion，he，rather than you，is to blame. 依我看来，他，而不是你该受谴责。 2．由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 1．强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。 (2009年高考浙江卷)—I’ve read another book this week. 这星期我又看了一本书。 强调句型 —Well，maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 嗯，也许重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t come to school yesterday. 是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。 2．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。 Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？ Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？ Why was it that you didn’t come to the meeting yesterday? 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？ 3．“It was not until...that...”这个句型强调时间状语。 It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons. 直到他爸爸进来时，那个男孩才开始准备功课。 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点！公共汽车来了。 倒装 (2009年高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together. 那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。 Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出了教室。 【温馨提示】 上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 Over it turns！它翻过来了。 (2)表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。 (3)such＋be＋主语 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。 2．部分倒装 (1)So/Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物) Lily can’t play table－tennis.Neither can I. 莉莉不会打乒乓球。我也不会。 (2)否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。 (2009年高考陕西卷)Little did Rose care about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself. 虽然身处险境，罗丝却丝毫不在意她个人的安危。 John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never had I heard him talk so much. 约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时，在那之前，我从未听过他说那么多话。 By no means should you lose heart.你决不应该失去信心。 (3)hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. 他一听到这个消息就哭了。 (2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers’ energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。 (4)在so/such...that...句型中，若so/such...提到句首时。 So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 我觉得这个问题太难解决了以至于决定向汤姆征求建议。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。 (5)当“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时。 Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。 (6)用于as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)。 Child as he was，he made a living by himself. 尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋生。 Try as he would，he might fail again. 尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。 1．在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。 省略 Unless (I am) invited，I won’t go to the party. 除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。 When(you are)working，you must pay attention. 上班时，你必须全神贯注。 Get up early tomorrow，if not (you don’t get up early)，you will miss the first bus. 明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。 2．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。 (1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，be glad，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。 —Will you join in the game? 你愿意加入做游戏吗？ —I’d be glad to. 我很高兴参加。 (2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。 —Are you a sailor? 你是海员吗？ —No，but I used to be. 不，但我过去是。 *