语法精要十三 主谓一致
主谓一致 名词作主语时，主谓一致通常遵循以下三个原则：语法形式上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。 在下列情况下，应注意谓语动词形式： 1．family，team，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，enemy，group，government，party，population等名词，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；强调其中的成员时，谓语动词用复数。如： My family is a happy one.我的家庭很幸福。 My family like sports.我的家人喜欢运动。 The population of China is very large and eightyfive percent of the population are farmers. 中国人口非常多，而且85%来自农村。 2．people(人民、人们)，police，cattle，youth等集体名词后的谓语动词用复数。如： The police are searching for the thief in the forest. 警察正在树林里搜捕小偷。 3．表示度量、距离、金额、时间的复数名词，以及书刊名、专有名词等名词复数作主语时，可看作整体，谓语动词用单数。如： Three years has passed since he came here. 自从他来这里已经三年了。 Fifty kilometres is a long way. 50千米是很长的路。 The New York Times sells well in the USA. 《纽约时报》在美国很畅销。 4．作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each，every，no
修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to work hard. 每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。 No teacher and no student likes the film. 老师和学生都不喜欢电影。 5．作主语的单数名词前有more than one，many a等修饰时，虽表示复数概念，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Many a young man was sent to the mountainous areas. 许多人被送往山区。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试失败。
另外，one and a half后跟名词复数，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： One and a half bananas is left on the table. 一个半香蕉被剩在桌子上。 6．a kind of，a pair of，a series of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： A pair of shoes was on the bed. 床上有一双鞋。 注意下面一组句子中，谓语形式的不同。
This kind of men is dangerous.(中心词为kind) Men of this kind are dangerous.(中心词为men) 7．用and或both...and...连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如： Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡胶都不会腐烂。 Walking and riding are good exercises. 走路和骑车都是很好的锻炼。 但是，并列主语如指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Truth and honesty is the best policy. 实事求是和诚实是最好的政策。 A
knife and fork is lying on the table. 刀叉正放在餐桌上。
To love and to be loved is the great happiness. 爱与被爱都是很大的幸福。 注：指同一个人、物的并列主语皆为可数名词时，and后的名词前不加冠词。
8．如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。如： The room with the furniture in it was rented yesterday. 有家具的房间昨天被出租了。 The students as well as the teacher were moved by the film. 学生和老师都被这部电影所感动。 9．or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but...等连接的名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应遵循就近一致原则。如： Bob or his parents are waiting in the room. Bob和他的父母在屋里等着。 Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients. 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。
10．主语是a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，most of，百分比＋of＋名词时，谓语动词数的形式须依照名词的数而确定。如： 20%of the students in our school are from the countryside. 我们学校20%的学生来自农村。 20%of the campus is covered by trees. 校园约20%被树木覆盖着。 11．主语是the number of＋名词的复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。主语是a number of＋名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The number of the teachers here is about 300. 这里大约有300个教师。 A number of the teachers are working hard every day. 许多老师每天都在努力工作。
1．积累连词用法，考虑主谓一致。 高考对主谓一致的考查主要是连接并列主语的连词的考查。主语后接with…等构成的短语修饰主语时，谓语仍需与这类短语前的主语一致。这类短语有：
with，along with，together with，as well as，but，besides，except，including，like，no less than，rather than，more than等。而由or，either…or，neither...nor，whether...or，not...but，not only...but also等连接的并列主语，谓语通常采用就近原则，与它最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如： －Lydia，what did our head teacher say just now? －Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who________to lead the group________asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning. A．is；isB．are；are C．are；is
D．is；are [解析]
who引导的定语从句修饰先行词teachers，并且who在定语从句中作主语，所以定语从句中谓语动词要用复数形式；在“主语＋介词短语结构”中，谓语动词的人称和数由前面的主语决定，其结构为：主语＋with/together with/along with/as well as/like/including/more than/but/except/besides/in addition to/rather than...＋谓语．..，故第一个空填are；而“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故第二个空填is，因此选C项。 [答案]C