2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修三Module 1
知识详解1
face v. 面向;面对;面临;应付
n. 脸;相貌;表情;表面;正面
(回归课本P1)France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.
法国是欧洲的第三大国,隔英吉利海峡与英国相望。
归纳总结
例句探源
①The building faces the big river.这座建筑面向大河。
②He couldn’t face driving all the way to Los Angeles.他可受不了一直开车到洛杉矶。
③Faced with robbers,she kept calm.面对强盗,她保持着镇静。
④If Tom doesn’t keep his promise,he’ll lose face.如果汤姆不信守诺言,他就会丢面子。
即境活用
1.________with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.
A.Faced B.FaceC.Facing
D.To face
解析:选A。be faced with sth.意为“面临着”,作状语时,要用faced with sth.。facing作状语时,表示面对着或面向,不与介词with连用。to face作目的状语时,表示做某事的目的。
2.________the global financial crisis,the Chinese government has taken many measures________people’s life to deal with it.
A.Facing with;related
B.Faced;relating to
C.Faced with;relating
D.Facing;related to
解析:选D。句意是:中国政府面临全球性金融危机,已采取了许多与民生有关的措施来应对。表示“面对”时,用faced with和facing皆可;第二个空只能用related to表示“与……有关的”。
2
situated adj. 坐落(某处)的;位于(某处)的;(人)处于……境遇/地位的
(回归课本P2)Paris is the capital and largest city of France,situated on the River Seine.
巴黎是法国的首都,也是法国最大的城市,坐落在塞纳河畔。
归纳总结
(1)be badly/well situated境况困难/良好,
(2)be situated on/in/at....位于……的;坐落在……的;处于……地位/境遇/状态的,
situate vt.使……坐落/建于某处,
situation n.立场;局势;地理位置;形势,
in a...situation在……形势下;处于……状况中
例句探源
①Microsoft is well situated to exploit this new market.
微软具备良好的条件开拓这个新市场。
②His parents died in an accident and left him an orphan.
He was badly situated at the moment.
他的父母死于一场意外事故,他成了孤儿,目前处境艰难。
③That is a small town situated just(to the)south of Cleveland.
那是一个地处克利夫兰以南的小城。
④The company wants to situate its headquarters in the north.
那个公司想把总部设在北方。
⑤(朗文P1919)What would you do if you were in my situation?
假如你处于我的情况,你会怎么办?
易混辨析
situate,locate,lie,stand
(1)situate动词形式比较少用,一般用过去分词作形容词。此时相当于be located,表示“位于某处”。同时也可用于描述人或事物,意为“处于……境况的”,be located 无此义。
(2)locate表示“确定某物位置”,可以用被动形式或主动形式。
(3)lie指有一定面积的某物“延伸在(到)……”;另外,也可以意为“躺”。
(4)stand指有一定高度的建筑等“矗立,站立”在某处。
四个词后面的介词用in表示在某范围内;to表示在某范围外;on表示相邻或在上面;off表示离开一段距离在不远的地方。
①The big city is situated on the coast of Huanghai Sea.
②The small village,located/situated at the foot of the mountain,has become a holiday resort.
③Hainan Province,lies/is_located/is_situated in the south of China.
④There stands a tall tower on the top of the mountain.
即境活用
3.Having six children and no income,the widow was badly________.
A.situating B.located
C.situated
D.locating
解析:选C。句意有“有六个孩子,又没有收入,这个寡妇处境困难。”
3
opposite
adj. 相对的,对面的;对立的,相反的;对等的,对应的
n.相反的事物,对立的人(或物);反面
prep. 在……对面(回归课本P4)
归纳总结
例句探源
①Black and white are opposites.
黑和白正好相反。
②The library is on the opposite side of the road from the school.图书馆在学校马路对面。
③(郎文P1376)Martha’s not shy at all-just the opposite in fact.
玛莎一点都不腼腆,事实上正好相反。
④(朗文P1376)The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.坐在我们对面的人看上去很面熟。
易混辨析
opposite,contrary
(1)opposite指“位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等对立的、相反的”。
(2)contrary指“两物朝相反的方向发展”,含有“互相冲突,不一致”的意思。on the contrary“相反”。①“True” and “false” have opposite meanings.
②Your plan is contrary to mine.
即境活用
4.There is a fine little cafe________this house.Cross the street and you’ll be there.
A.on the contrary of B.opposite to
C.in front of
D.opposite from
解析:选B。从后一句话的意思分析,咖啡馆在街对面,故选用B项。
5.The school________the hospital.
A.opposite
B.opposite to
C.is opposite to
D.is the opposite
解析:选C。句意“学校在医院对面”。
4
sign v. 签署;签名;示意,打手势
n.
符号;标记;手势;征兆
(回归课本P7)France and Germany aren’t going to sign the agreement.
法国和德国将不会签订协议。
归纳总结
例句探源
①You forgot to sign the check.你忘了在支票上签字。
②He signed to me to be quiet.
他向我打手势,让我安静。
③For safety reasons,please sign in when you arrive at the building,and sign out when you leave.
基于安全考虑,请在抵达大楼时签到,离去时签退。
④A red sky at sunset is a sign of good weather.
日落时的晚霞是好天气的征兆。
易混辨析
symbol,sign,signal,mark
均含“标志,象征,符号”之意。
(1)symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
(2)sign普通用词,指人们公认的事物的记号,也可指某种情况的征兆。
(3)signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
(4)mark普通用词,含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记,又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。
①All I get is a busy signal whenever I dial his number.
②The sign by the road says“No Parking”.
③You’d better make a mark where you have a question.
④A dove is the symbol of peace.
即境活用
6.I was driving around the corner when a policeman ______to me to stop.
A.showedB.expressed
C.signed
D.warned
解析:选C。sign to sb. to do sth.招手示意某人做某事。语境为“警察打手势让我停车。”
5
in terms of 据……;依照……;就……而言
(回归课本P9)In terms of size and population,how big is the European Union compared with China?
在面积与人口方面,欧盟与中国相比有多大?
归纳总结
例句探源
①In terms of customer satisfaction,the policy cannot be criticized.说到顾客的满意情况,这个政策无可挑剔。
②In their terms,cutting government spending is the most important thing.
根据他们的观点,削减政府开支是最重要的事情。
③What they have done is good for the environment in the long term.
从长远来看,他们所做的事情对环境是有利的。
即境活用
7.(高考江苏卷)This special school accepts all disabled students,________educational level and background.
A.according to
B.regardless of
C.in addition to
D.in terms of
解析:选B。考查介词短语。句意:这所特殊的学校招收所有的残疾学生,不管他们的教育水平或背景。regardless of“不管,不顾”,符合题意。
8.________achievement,last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO had earned a low,though not failing,grade.
A.In terms of
B.In case of
B.As a result of
D.In face of
解析:选A。句意是:就成就而言,上周的WTO部长级会议虽然没有失败,但是收效甚微。在题中,in terms of意为“就……而言”;in case of万一;as a result of作为……的结果;in face of面对。
6
on the other hand 另一方面;反过来说
(回归课本P9)In France,on the other hand,the head of state is a president.
而另一方面,在法国,政府的首脑是总统。
归纳总结
on the one hand...,on the other hand...一方面……,另一方面……,
at hand接近的,不远的,
by hand用手工,
In hand在处理之中,
hand in hand手牵手,携手,
Hands up!举起手来!
例句探源
①He is an able man,but on the other hand
he demands too much of people.
他是一个能干的人,但是另一方面,他对人要求太多了。
②On the one hand,some host families are losing their unique selling point... On the other hand,students’ expectations have risen.
一方面,有些寄宿家庭正逐渐失去他们唯一的卖点……另一方面,学生的期望也增加了。
即境活用
9.I would like a job which pays more, but________,I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A.in other words
B.on the other hand
C.for one thing
D.as a matter of fact
解析:选B。on the other hand常被用来比较两个不同的事情或观点,常与on the one hand连用;for one thing常与and for another连用表示“一来……二来……”,常用来列举理由;in other words表示“换句话说”;as a matter of fact表示“事实上”。根据句意“我想得到一份薪水更高的工作,但从另一方面来说,我非常喜欢我现在的工作。”可知应选B。
10.Father and mother wanted to go for a ride,but________,the children wanted to stay at home and play with their friends.
A.on the other hand
B.on another hand
C.in other ways
D.as a result
解析:选A。A表示“另一方面”;B无这种搭配;C表示“用其他办法”;D表示“结果”。本句意为“父母想开车出去,而另一方面,孩子们却想呆在家里和朋友们玩。”所以选A。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.(P1)
意大利在欧洲的南端,位于地中海沿岸。
【句法分析】 表示“某物在哪个方向”可用south/west/north/east等,构成如下几种表达方式。
(1)...is in the south of在……的南部(在内部)
...is on the south of在……南边(接壤)
...is to the south of在……以南(在外部,不接壤)
...is south of在……南部(不指明在内部还是在外部)
(2)把表示方位、地点的介词或副词短语放到句首,句子用倒装语序。
①Guangdong is in the south of China.
广东在中国的南部。
②Jiangsu is on the south of Shandong.江苏在山东南面。
③Mexico is(on the)south of the U.S..
墨西哥位于美国的南面。
④East of our school lies a railway.
我们学校东面有一条铁路。
即境活用
11.________of the Pacific Ocean________Canada.
A.The east;lies
B.East;lies
C.To the east;does lie
D.On the east;does lie
解析:选B。当方位词位于句首时,要使用倒装,且方位词前不使用冠词。
12.In the dark forests________,some large enough to hold several English towns.
A.stand many lakes
B.lie many lakes
C.many lakes lie
D.many lakes stand
解析:选B。地点状语位于句首时,句子用完全倒装,stand一般表示高大的东西,而此处说的是lakes,故用lie。
2【教材原句】 Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands.(P1)
这个国家的百分之二十被岛屿所覆盖。
【句法分析】 本句的主语是百分数Twenty percent,谓语动词是is covered。分数或百分数作主语时,谓语的单复数要与分数或百分数所指代的名词保持一致。在这一句话中,is covered与the country一致,故用单数。
①Two-fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
那个地区有五分之二的面积被草木覆盖。
②More than thirty percent of the students are from Africa.
多于百分之三十的学生是非洲人。
即境活用
13.We have fifty workshops in our factory,but only one fifth________able to be used and the rest________empty.
?A.is;stands
B.are;stand
C.was;stood
D.were;stood
解析:选B。考查主谓一致和时态。带有分数、百分数的名词短语或相当于分数、百分数的some(of...),most(of...),the rest (of...)等作主语时,根据of后名词的单复数来确定谓语的单复数,若将of短语省略,要根据前边出现过的它们所指代的名词的单复数确定谓语的单复数,此题中前边的名词workshops为复数名词,谓语应该用复数;根据第一分句的时态判断出第二分句也应该采用一般现在时。
14.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third________used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
解析:选D。此处one-third指的是computers,故为复数;从和now对比中可知,这说的是过去的事了。