Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
教 材 面 面 观
单词拓展
1.________vi. & vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
________adj.可辨别的 ________adj.卓越的；杰出的
2．________adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 ________adv.仁慈地 ________n．怜悯；宽恕
3．________n．立方体；立方 ________adj.立方的
4．________adj.突然的；意外的 ________adv.突然地；唐突地 ________n．突然；唐突；险峻
5．________adj.便制的；方便的；就近的 ________adv.便利地；方便地 ________n．便利；方便
6．________n．小心；谨慎 ________adj.小心的；谨慎的
7．________adj.愉快的；高兴的 ________adv.高兴地；愉快地
8．________vt.抓住；捉住；夺取 ________adj.可抓住的；可夺取的
9．________adj.冰冻的；严寒的 ________v．结冰；凝固 ________adj.冰冻的；冻伤的
10．________n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明 ________vt.认出；识别；鉴定 ________n．身份；正身；本体
11．________adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的 ________adv.清白地；天真地 ________n．清白；无罪；天真；单纯
12．________vt.忍受；忍耐；负担 ________adj.可忍受的；经得起的
13．________n．(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的 ________adv.普遍地；当前地 ________n．通用；流通；货币
14．________adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的 ________adv.稳固地；坚定地 ________n．稳定；稳定性
15．________n．能力；胜任；本领 ________adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的短语回顾1.call________给……打电话
2．now________then
偶尔；有时
3．set________
开始；着手
4．dive________
迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5．set________(to do)
开始(做)
6．hang________
不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7．out of________
次序颠倒；发生故障
8．get________
设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过
9．ring________
回复电话
10．ring________
挂断电话句型背诵1.Snakes come near the house now and then，and they seem________ ________ ________their home here...
那些蛇不时地来到房子周围，而且它们好像已经在这儿安家了……
2．Only after you have had that recognition________ ________say that you are truly an inventor.
只有在你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。
3．________ ________this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit________led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.
正是对问题的不断探索和他积极向上的精神才成就了他最著名的发明——1876年的电话机。
4．________ with these findings, I decided on three possible approaches.
有这些发现作准备，我决定了三种可能的方法。
5．Follow it up, explore all around it, ________ before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。
自我诊断
单词拓展
1．distinguish；distinguishable；distinguished 2.merciful；mercifully；mercy 3.cube；cubic 4.abrupt；abruptly；abruptness 5.convenient；conveniently；convenience 6.caution；cautious 7.merry；merrily 8.seize；seizable 9.freezing；freeze；frozen 10.identification；identify；identity 11.innocent；innocently；innocence 12.bear；bearable 13.current；currently；currency 14.stable；stably；stability 15.competence；competent
短语回顾
1．up 2.and 3.about 4.into 5.out 6.on 7.order
8．through 9.back 10.off
句型背诵
1．to have made 2.can you 3.It was；that 4.Prepared 5.and
考 点 串 串 讲
重点单词1.practical adj.实际的，实用性的，现实的
He gave sound and practical advice.
他提出了很好的、实际可行的建议。
The whole scheme began to take on a more practical aspect.
整个计划开始具有更切合实际的性质。
●归纳延伸
practice n．练习，习惯，实行v.实践，实行；训练；练习，实习
put sth. into practice把……付诸实施
usual/common practice惯例
work in practice行得通
out of practice久不练习，荒疏
Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
practically adv.实际地，事实上，实用地
The town was practically deserted.
该镇几乎已空无一人。即境活用单项填空
If you don't get more ________， you'll get fat.
A．practiceB．exercise
C．drill
D．train
答案：B
2．convenient adj.方便的，便利的；适宜的；附近的
●用法拓展
(1)at your earliest convenience(正式)尽快(通常用于书信)
(2)convenience store/food便利店/方便食品
(3)for sb.'s/(the sake of)convenience为了某人的方便
(4)at sb.'s convenience在方便时；在适宜的地点
(5)make a convenience of sb.利用某人
●特别提醒
某人方便时……，一定不要说“You are convenient.”，这个结构是错误的，应说It is convenient to sb.或It is convenient for sb. to do sth.。
①Our house is very convenient to the stores.
我们家离商店很近。
②We bought this house for its convenience. It's very near the stores.
我们买这所房子是为了方便，因为它离商店很近。即境活用单项填空
①—When could you have a meal with me?
—I'd like to go whenever it is ________ to you.
A．fitB．nice
C．convenient
D．suit
②Come and see me whenever ________.
A．you are convenient
B．you will be convenient
C．it is convenient to you
D．it will be convenient to you
答案：①C ②C
3．expectation n．期待，预期；期望，指望；[复]期望的事物；希望，前景
●用法拓展
(1)against all expectation(s)出乎预料
(2)come up to one's expectations不负所望
(3)beyond expectation料想不到
(4)in expectation of期待，指望
(5)expect that...预料……
(6)expect (sb.)to do sth.期望(某人)做某事；预料(某人)做某事
(7)expect sth. of/from sb.期望从某人那里得到某物
①We thought Mary would pass and John would fail, but contrary to expectation(s) it was the other way around.
我们以为玛丽会及格，约翰不会，但是出乎意料，结果正好相反。
②I usually enjoy his movies, but the latest one didn't come up to my expectations.
我通常喜欢他的电影，但是最新的一部电影没有我料想的那么好。
③We expect to make a small profit this year.
我们预料今年会有盈利。
④—Who broke that cup?
—I expect it was the cat.
——谁打破了那杯子？
——我看是猫打破的。即境活用翻译句子
①我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。
________________________________________________________________________
②她的父母对她的期望很高。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.
②Her parents expected high standards from her.
4．current n．流动，气流，水流；趋势，潮流，倾向；电流adj.现行的，当前的；流行的
This word is no longer in current use.
这个词现在已经不再使用。
This button switches the current on.
这个电钮接通电流。
The current in this place is very rapid.
这儿的水流很急。
●用法拓展
currency n．通货，通用，流通
He was arrested for smuggling out currency.
他因携带货币出境而被捕。
currently adv.现在；流畅地；一般
current account 往来账户；活期存款
current assets流动资产即境活用根据不同的语境，说出下列句子中current的意思
①Our current methods of production are too expensive.
________________________________________________________________________
②This note is no longer current.
________________________________________________________________________
③The military government failed to control the current of public opinion.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①现今用的
②流通的
③动向，趋势
5．distinguish vi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
The man distinguished himself by his wisdom.
这个人因智慧而扬名。
●用法拓展
distinguish oneself by通过……显扬自己；使自己扬名
distinguish(between)A and B；distinguish A from B区别，辨别(人或事物)
distinguishable adj.可分辨的
distinguished adj.高贵的，杰出的
distinguishing adj.不同的；特殊的
Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals.
使用语言是人类区别于动物的特征。
People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colourblind.
不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。
●易混辨析
distinguish和tell
①distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用。distinguish sth.辨别某事物
②tell也可表“辨认，辨别”，常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
I can't tell the difference between the usages of “above all” and “first of all”．
我弄不清“above all”和“first of all”用法的不同。即境活用单项填空
①Please tell me how to________a poisonous snake from a harmless one.
A．make out B．recognize
C．distinguish
D．divide
②At what age are children able to distinguish________right and wrong?
A．among
B．during
C．with
D．between
答案：①C ②D
6．bear vt.&vi.忍受；忍耐；负担
The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。
Do the bride's parents have to bear the cost of the wedding?
要由新娘的父母来负担婚礼所需的费用吗？
He can't bear to be laughed at/bear being laughed at.
他受不了拿他取笑。
●用法拓展
bear doing sth.忍受做某事＝bear to do sth.
bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
bear up忍耐；坚强起来
bear sb./sth. out证实；为……作证
bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍
bear sth. in mind牢记
He could not bear that his friends should laugh at him.
他受不了朋友们也嘲笑他。
I can't bear to see you like this.
我不忍见你这样。
I don't feel very well.I can't bear this weather.
我觉得不舒服，我受不了这种天气。
You must bear in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.
你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。
●易混辨析
stand，bear，put up with，endure和tolerate
一般来说，这五个动词或短语在表示“忍耐；忍受”的意思时可以通用，但要注意put up with后面一般不能跟动词作宾语，用stand和bear跟动词作宾语时的宾语形式也不一样。
put up with sth.容忍某事；stand(doing)sth.忍受(做)某事；bear doing sth.忍受做某事＝bear to do sth.
He can't stand/bear/put up with hot weather.
他不能忍受炎热的天气。
She can't stand/bear being kept waiting.
她无法忍受久等。
If you will bear with me a few minutes，you'll understand the situation.
你若能花几分钟耐心听我说，你便能了解这情况。
●温馨提示
①borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用被动语态。表示“生育”时用borne。
②can't bear to do sth.的意义与can't bear doing sth.一样，但一般情况下，不定式表示某一次较为具体的动作，而动名词则表示习惯性的动作。
I couldn't bear to listen any longer，so I left the room.
我实在听不下去了，就离开了房间。即境活用单项填空
—Why did Bob cry?
—He couldn't bear________like that before the whole class.
A．making fun of
B．being made fun of
C．to be laughed at
D．being made fun
答案：C
7．abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；(行为、性格等)粗鲁的，无礼的
●用法拓展
an abrupt change突然改变
an abrupt manner唐突的举止
be abrupt with对……态度生硬即境活用单项填空
His________departure made his parents sad.
A．suddenly
B．fast
C．abrupt
D．quick
答案：C 此处要用形容词abrupt，表示“突然的”，suddenly为副词，不符合语境。fast表“速度快”，quick“行动敏捷”，均不符合句意，故选C项。
重点短语
1.in case 后跟从句或用作副词位于句尾，表示“在……情况下，万一……的话；(以防)万一”。
①You'd better take the keys in case I'm out.
你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。
②You probably won't need to call—but take my number, just in case.
你可能不需要打电话，不过还是记下我的电话号码，以防万一。
●用法拓展
in case of要是……；在……的时候(后接名词或代词)
in this case如果这样的话
in that case如果那样的话
in any case无论如何
in no case决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)
That's the case.意思是“是这样的，那是真的”，用来表示对别人的话表示赞同。
①—I've made up my mind.
我已经拿定主意。
—In that case, there's no point discussing it.
既然如此，讨论这件事就毫无意义。
②In any case you mustn't tell a lie.
无论什么情况，你都不该撒谎。
③In no case will we use nuclear weapons first.
我们决不首先使用核武器。
④—The terrible flood brought about $10 billion worth of loss to this country.
——那场可怕的洪灾给这个国家造成了大约100亿美元的损失。
—That's the case.——是这样的。即境活用单项填空
It's nothing unusual to experience failure, but ________ ought we to be discouraged.
A．in no time B．by all means
C．in no case
D．on that condition
答案：C
2．ring off挂断电话
After she said this, she rang off.
她说完这话就把电话挂了。
●用法拓展
ring out发出响亮而清晰的声音
ring sth. up将(款额)计入现金出纳机
ring sb. up给某人打电话
①A pistol shot rang out.
响起了手枪的声音。
②I'll ring you up tonight.
今晚我要给你打电话。
③Ring up all the items, the total, $699.
把所有款项、总额为699美元的一笔钱计入现金出纳机。
即境活用翻译句子
我还没来得及解释，他就把电话挂断了。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：He rang off before I could explain.
3．set about (doing sth.)开始，着手干某事
①We set about cleaning up the mess.
我们开始把乱七八糟的东西打扫干净。
②She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office.
她一到办公室就开始写回信。
●用法拓展
(1)set out出发，启程
(2)set out to do sth. 开始做某事
(3)set off出发，动身
(4)set aside留出，拨出；对……不予考虑
(5)set down停下……，让……下车；记下，写下
(6)set up设置；创立，开办
(7)set out for＝set off for＝leave for出发到某地去
(8)set back阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨
(9)be set in以……为背景
①He set out to break the record for the channel swim.
他决心打破游过海峡的记录。
②The young workers set about their work with great enthusiasm.
青年工人们怀着极大的热情开始了工作。
③They set about making preparations for spring sowing.
他们开始进行春播准备工作。
④I set down what my teacher said yesterday.
我把昨天老师说的话都记下了。
●特别提醒
set about中about为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。即境活用单项填空
The boys stopped and ________ digging holes to plant the trees.
A．set off B．set out
C．set about
D．set up
答案：C
4．out of order次序颠倒；发生故障
①I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order.
我检查过案卷，其中有些未按顺序编排。
②Our washing machine is out of order again. We'd better buy a new one instead of repairing it.
咱们的洗衣机又坏了。我们别修它了，买一个新的吧。
●用法拓展
(1)in order有序的/地；整齐；情况良好
(2)in good order井然有序
(3)in bad order乱七八糟即境活用单项填空
The phone might have been ________， for I couldn't get through to him.
A．out of orderB．in order
C．wrong
D．the matter
答案：A
5．call up n．召唤，召集，使人想起，打电话给，应征入伍，提出议案
Forgive me so early to call up you please.
请原谅我这么早给你打电话。
She can still call up scenes of childhood.
她仍能想起儿时的情景。
●用法拓展
call on拜访；请求；号召
I'm going to call on one of my former classmates.
我要去看望我的一位老同学。
call for需要；邀请；要求
This is a problem that calls for immediate solution.
这是个迫切需要解决的问题。
call off取消
Rescuers had to call off the search due to worsening weather.
由于天气越来越坏，救援人员只得停止搜索。
call forth使产生；使起作用；引起
April showers call forth May flowers.
四月的阵雨带来五月的鲜花。
A difficult situation can call forth a person's best qualities.
困境能唤起一个人最好的品格。
call it a day结束一天的工作
I feel washed out.Let's call it a day.
我觉得疲乏了。今天就干到这里吧。
call back收回；回电
Shall I tell him you'd call back，or do you want him to call you?
要我告诉他你会再打电话来，还是叫他打电话给你？即境活用用call的相关短语填空
①I don't think he will________his promise.
②It rained so much that they had to________the soccer game.
③I simply can not________where I have seen her.
④She paid a short________Lao Wang on her way home.
答案：①call back ②call off ③call up ④call on
6．get through到达；通过；做完
She had to duck her head to get through the low doorway.
她不得不低下头才能穿过低矮的门口。
As soon as I get through with my work I'll join you.
我工作一做完就来找你们。
●用法拓展
关于get的常用短语：
get on进展；登；出人头地；上(车，船等)
How's your son getting on with his French?
你儿子的法语学得怎么样了？
get in进入，收获，到达
If you get in trouble，don't hesitate to ask for advice.
如果碰到麻烦，要赶紧向人求救。
Has he tried to get in touch with you or anything?
他设法和你进行过什么联系没有？
get off下来；出发；脱下
They got off immediately after lunch.
他们吃过午饭马上就动身了。
get over克服；把……忘怀；从……中恢复过来；熬过
You've just get over，you mustn't take a long walk.
你病刚好，走远路可使不得。
He was disappointed at not getting the job，but he'll get over it.
他因没有得到那份工作而失望，不过他能想得开。
get across越过；被理解；通过
He was convinced that it was necessary to get across to them.
他深信现在很有必要告诉他们。
get rid of摆脱；除去
You should get rid of all the old junk in the room.
你该把室内的所有破料清除掉。即境活用用关于get的常用短语填空
①Everything was________very well.
②She seemed to________the death of her husband in no time.
③He found it difficult to________his idea________to them.
答案：①getting on ②get over ③get; across
重点句式
1.But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan.
但经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇是制造不了麻烦的，一切都按计划进行着。
monitor在句中用作动词，指“监控；监测；监听；监视”。
The nurse monitored the patient's condition carefully.
护士很细心地监察病人的状况。
It is said that the police monitored his phone calls during that period.
据说警方在那段时间监听了他的电话。
另外，还可用作名词“班长；监视器”
The monitor was assigned to take notes for the meeting.
班长被分派做会议记录。
go according to plan按计划顺利进行
He will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.
他将据其罪行的轻重受到处罚。即境活用翻译句子
①如果一切按照预定的计划进行，明天我们就在上海了。
________________________________________________________________________
②工作正按计划进行。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①If all goes according to plan we should be in Shanghai tomorrow.
②The work is proceeding according to plan.
2．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.
第二天早上，天还不是很热，我就早早地起来了。
●用法拓展
before作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：
在……之前
……(之后)才……
(不多久)就……
以免……
还没来得及……就……
有时before相当于rather than，可理解为“(宁愿……)也不愿……”。
We lived in Paris before moving to London.
我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。
It wasn't long before she came back.
不久她就回来了。
Lock your bike before it gets stolen.
锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。
I'd shoot myself before I apologized to her.
我宁死也不向她道歉。即境活用单项填空
She was such a proud person that she would die________she would admit she was wrong.
A．when
B．until
C．after
D．before
答案：D
3．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
只有在你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。
该句为复合句，含有that引导的宾语从句；only修饰了句子的时间状语，主句用了部分倒装语序。
Only when the war was over was he able to go back to his hometown.
只有当战争结束后他才能回到家乡。
Only then did I realize I was wrong.
直到那时我才意识到自己错了。
●用法拓展
常见的部分倒装结构：
①“副词only＋状语(从句)”放在句首时。
②含有否定意义的副词或连词(not，seldom，little，hardly，never，rarely，nowhere等)放在句首时。
③so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人(或物)。
④neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于表示对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。
⑤当so...that...引导结果状语从句时，将so及其所修饰的形容词或副词提至句首时。
⑥一些表示频率的副词(如many a time，often等)位于句首时。
⑦hardly/scarcely...when和no sooner...than...为固定搭配结构，表示“刚……就……”，第一个句子常用部分倒装结构。
Only in this way can you use the computer well.
只有用这种方法你才能把电脑用好。
Little does he care about his clothes.
他不在乎穿着。
Never before have I seen such a beautiful flower.
我以前从没见过这么漂亮的花。
He went to see the film last night.So did I.
昨天晚上他去看电影了，我也去了。
I can't swim.Neither/Nor can he.
我不会游泳，他也不会。
So excited was he that he could not say a word.
他是如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。
Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone.
我多次看到她独自一人在散步。
Often did she come to my house in the past.
过去她常到我家来。
No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistake.
他刚交卷就意识到出错了。
Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain.
他刚要离开，天就下雨了。
4．Prepared with these findings, I decided on three possible approaches.
有这些发现作准备，我决定了三种可能的方法。
Prepared with these findings为过去分词短语作状语，相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句，该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑动宾关系。
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的；过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。
过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
①Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.
尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的，但它看起来依然很漂亮。
②Given more time, he can do it better.
如果给予他更多的时间，他会把它做得更好。
●用法拓展
(1)过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。
(2)作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。
(3)作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导的状语从句。
(4)作让步状语，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。
(5)作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。
(6)作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。
①Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.＝When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
②United we will stand; divided we will fall.＝If we are united we will stand; if we are divided we will fall.
团结就是胜利；分裂必然失败。
③Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.
由于受到取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
④Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.＝Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.
我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。
⑤He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.＝He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.
他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
⑥Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.＝Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter.
吴大娘走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。
即境活用
单项填空
①________ to be the symbol of the city, the sculpture has been well preserved.
A．ConsideringB．Being considered
C．To consider
D．Considered
②The professor walked onto the platform and seated himself in a chair, ________ for answering questions.
A．had prepared
B．being prepared
C．preparing
D．prepared
答案：①D ②D
5．Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。
“祈使句＋and/then/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构的用法：在此结构中，前两个起连接作用的词表示顺接关系，后两个表示逆接关系；前面的祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，而陈述句表示结果，可以转换为带有条件状语从句的复合句，转换时要注意连接词的使用。此句中and和then可以互换，只能用一个，不能一起使用。
●用法拓展
注意该结构和if/unless条件状语从句以及非谓语动词作状语的转换。
①Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.
＝If you work harder, you'll succeed in your studies.
＝Working harder, you will succeed in your studies.
如果你更加努力学习，在学习上你就会成功。
②Study hard, or/otherwise you'll fail in your exams.
＝If you don't study hard, you'll fail in your exams.
＝You will fail in your exams unless you study hard.
如果你不刻苦学习，你就会考试不及格。即境活用单项填空
Follow your doctor's advice, ________ your cough will get worse.
A．orB．and
C．then
D．so
答案：A
知 能 层 层 练
一、单项填空
1．We________to paint the house at dawn but finished only the front part till dark.
A．set out
B．set off
C．set about
D．set aside
答案：A
解析：set out to do sth.“开始做某事”，相当于begin to do sth.。
2．I tried phoning Maggie's office in the morning，but I couldn't________.
A．go over
B．get through
C．put up
D．join up
答案：B
解析：get through“(电话)接通”符合题意。
3．A healthy life is frequently thought to be________with the open countryside and homegrown food.
A．tied
B．related
C．involved
D．associated
答案：D
解析：be associated with...“和……有关”。tie和relate意为“和……有关”时，常与to连用；be involved与in搭配。
4．Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be________the Chinese football team enters the final stage of the World Cup.
A．when
B．before
C．since
D．until
答案：B
解析：“It will be＋时间段＋before＋从句”结构表示“要过多长时间之后才……”。
5．Now please have a cup of tea while I________these people and make a schedule.
A．call up
B．take up
C．call off
D．take off
答案：A
解析：call up“给……打电话”符合题意。
6．The twins were so much alike that it was impossible to________one from the other.
A．distinguish
B．separate
C．identify
D．recognize
答案：A
解析：根据题意应是不可能把这对双胞胎区分开，故选A项。distinguish...from...“把……和……区别开”。separate...from...“把……和……分隔开”；identify“识别”；recognize“认出”。
7．—Have you decided which house to buy?
—No，not yet.I must find a house that is________for all kinds of transportation.
A．convenient
B．appropriate
C．available
D．content
答案：A
解析：convenient“方便的；便利的”，其主语通常是物，符合题意。
8．Teachers pay more attention to the________skills and show students the way to catch the main ideas.
A．meaningful
B．careful
C．practical
D．acceptable
答案：C
解析：practical“实用的”符合题意。meaningful“有意义的”；careful“仔细的”；acceptable“可接受的”。
9．—What can I do now?
—________the chance，otherwise you'll regret it.
A．Arrest
B．Seize
C．Catch
D．Hold
答案：B
解析：seize“抓住”，强调突然的猛烈动作，语气比catch强。
10．Anyone in my position would have been ruined if he had attempted to________depths which not even a lifetime of study could plumb(探索)．
A．dive into
B．look up
C．agree on
D．date back
答案：A
解析：dive into“一心投入”符合题意。look up“向上看；尊敬；查阅”；agree on“达成一致”；date back“追溯”。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．At last the famous singer turned up at the theatre, which was beyond all the audience's ________(expect)．
2．Few of the customers are satisfied with the ________(product) produced in your company.
3．They haven't thought about the ________(practice) consequences of the new regulations.
4．People ________(associate)the old days with good times, and seem to forget the hardship they endured.
5．The ________(mercy) king saved the young officers from death.
6．No one doubts her ________(competent)as a teacher.
答案：1.expectation 2.products 3.practical 4.associate 5.merciful 6.competence
三、用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
1．They ________ the route they were to take.
2．Someone ________ from downtown and asked to see you at five.
3．The girl goes to visit her English teacher ________， who retired from school last year.
4．Soon the government ________ solving the problem.
5．He has ________ as the top scorer on the team.
答案：1.decided on 2.called up 3.now and then 4.set about 5.distinguished himself
四、翻译句子
1．她打电话给一个朋友只是想聊聊天。(call up)
________________________________________________________________________
2．湖面上的冰太薄，不足以承受你的重量。(bear)
________________________________________________________________________
3．年轻人怀着极大的热情开始工作。(set out)
________________________________________________________________________
4．她父亲一直试图让她明白，如果她想通过考试就必须更加努力。(get through)
________________________________________________________________________
5．我不得不挂断电话了，因为我得去赶火车。(ring off)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1.She called up a friend just for a chat.
2．The ice on the lake is too thin to bear your weight.
3．The young people set out to do their work with great enthusiasm.
4．Her father has been trying to get it through to her that she must work harder if she wants to pass the exam.
5．I will have to ring off now, because I have a train to catch.
写 作 点 点 金
写作专题指导十六 开放作文
技巧点拨随着高考英语改革进程的不断深入与发展，英语书面表达的命题形式也日趋灵活与开放。开放式作文是于2003年北京市高考英语试卷中首先推行的一种全新的考试形式。开放式作文指根据试题中所给素材、主题或提示，让考生尽情发挥，自由创作。开放式作文更能反映出考生的综合素质和真实的写作水平，更有利于开展中学英语素质教育，更符合高考英语改革趋势，它将会成为今后高考命题改革的主要趋势和高考书面表达测试的主要方向。
一、开放式作文的形式
开放式作文常以两种形式出现：
1．图画形式
它要求考生先看懂图中所要表达的意思，然后组织内容，形成考生所要写作的素材，再进行写作，或讲故事或议论某一话题。
2．文字提示
(1)先给出第一段(有时还给出最后一段)，给出故事的开头或某一论点，然后要求考生往下续写。
(2)先给出每一段的主题句(topic sentence)，然后要求考生根据提供的材料添加适当的内容或论据等，把文章补充完整。
这两种情况都要求考生不能随意写，而必须要有逻辑性，要围绕主题写，不要跑题；还要透过现象看到本质。
二、开放式作文的注意事项
1．认真审题，把握要求，找准提示语中的关键句
开放式作文需要考生根据试题提示语的要求进行立意，确定文章的中心思想。立意的基础是审题。因此，考生在着手写作之前，要认真审题，确实把握命题要求，找准提示语中的关键句。
2．准确定位人称、时态
开放式作文通常以提供一个故事材料片断为主。大部分情况下，文中所使用的动词时态以一般过去时为主，但人称的使用较为灵活，考生应根据文章提示准确定位人称。
3．内容新颖，符合逻辑
开放式作文的目的就是为考生提供更广阔的写作空间，更有利于培养学生的创新意识和实践能力。但要注意新颖不是“怪异”。内容新颖指别人讲的少，但符合逻辑的想法，并不是荒诞离奇的想法。
4．思想健康，积极向上
开放式作文内容要做到思想健康，积极向上，反映我们这个社会、时代的主旋律。
5．词数合理，书写规范
词数要符合要求，不要过多也不