山东济宁一中2017届高考高三英语二轮复习课件:专题八 定语从句和名词性从句-查字典英语网
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山东济宁一中2017届高考高三英语二轮复习课件:专题八 定语从句和名词性从句

发布时间:2017-02-23  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  * 山东济宁一中2017届高考高三英语二轮复习课件 专题八 定语从句和名词性从句

  1.(2011年高考新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer ______story shows the most imagination. A.thatB.which C.whose

  D.what 解析:句意:奖品将发给故事最能展示其想象力的作者。whose 引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰 story;whose story 相当于 the story of whom。 答案:C 2.(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T­shirt,________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A.this

  B.that C.what

  D.which 解析:句意:Ted仅穿着短裤和T恤来过周末,在这种天气下这样做真愚蠢。which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语。this,what不能引导定语从句;that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 答案:D 3.(2011年高考山东卷)I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is________he never finishes anything. A.that

  B.when C.where

  D.why 解析:句意:我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家,这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知,which 引导非限制性定语从句,which 指代前面的整个句子he's more of a talker than a doer;在定语从句中,is 后面为表语从句,由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因,故用 why 引导表语从句。 答案:D 4.(2011年高考天津卷)Modern science has given clear evidence ________smoking can lead to many diseases. A.what

  B.which C.that

  D.where 解析:句意:现代科学对于吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。这是一个主从复合句,evidence后的从句是 evidence 的同位语,对 evidence 起解释说明的作用,且该从句语意完整,故用 that 引导同位语从句。而 what,which,where 均在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 答案:C 5.(2011年高考江西卷)The villagers have already known ________ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge. A.this

  B.that C.what

  D.which 解析:句意:村民们已经知道我们要做的事是重修这座桥。分析句子结构可知,known后的宾语从句中含有一个主语从句,该从句缺少引导词并且从句中do缺少宾语,故用what,意为“……的事情”。this不能引导从句;that在名词性从句中不作句子成分;which强调哪一个,不符合句意。 答案:C [定语从句] 一、关系代词用that,which引导的定语从句 1.通常只用that的情况 当先行词为all,few,little,much,anything,nothing,everything,none等时;或者当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级和all,any,few,little,no,the only,the very,the last等词修饰时,定语从句的关系代词要用that;如果定语从句修饰两个先行词,其中一个指人,一个指物,那么定语从句的关系代词也应用that。 2.通常只用which的情况 当引导非限制性定语从句,指物或指代前面整个句子的内容,或放在介词后面指物时,只能用which。 [典例1] I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else's fault. A.who B.that C.as

  D.what [解析] something作先行词,引导词必须用that,并且此处that在从句中作主语,不能省略。 [答案] B [典例2] After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,________turned out to be a wise decision. A.that

  B.which C.when

  D.where [解析] which代替前面整句话的内容“I took some time off to go travelling”,此处which引导非限制性定语从句。 [答案] B 二、who,whom,whose引导的定语从句 1.如果先行词是指人的不定代词,如:anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all等,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom/who。 2.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词指人且作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom/who。 3.在定语从句中可以作定语的关系代词只有whose,表示物时相当于“the+名词+of+which”或“of+which+the+名词”;表示人时相当于“the+名词+of+whom”或“of+whom+the+名词”。 [典例3] I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________I met in the English speech contest last year. A.who

  B.where C.when

  D.which [解析] ________I met in the English speech contest last year是定语从句修饰several of the students,who在定语从句中作宾语。 [答案] A 3.where,when,why引导的定语从句 where,when,why的意义相当于“介词+which”。具体而言,where相当于“in/at+which”,when相当于“at/in/during+which”,why相当于“for+which”。 (1)关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示地点的名词。 (2)关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示时间的名词。 (3)关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示原因的名词。 [典例4] The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour. A.where

  B.who C.which

  D.what [解析] where引导的定语从句修饰限定先行词the training centre。 [答案] A [典例5] (2011年高考浙江卷)A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A.when

  B.that C.where

  D.there [解析] 句意:银行是晴天时给你雨伞,下雨时收回雨伞的地方。由于从句结构完整,不缺少句子成分,所以先行词the place 在从句中要充当地点状语,故使用关系副词where 引导定语从句。 [答案] C 三、the way后面的定语从句的引导词 the way作先行词且其后定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时引导词用in which,that或者省略。 [典例6] What surprised me was not what he said but ________he said it. A.the way

  B.in the way that C.in the way

  D.the way which [解析] 本句中not...but连接两个并列成分,即________he said it和what he said作并列表语。the way作先行词,其后定语从句的引导词作状语可用in which,that,或者省略引导词。 [答案] A [名词性从句] 根据在句中的功能名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句,因此具有句子的特点,有主、谓成分,同时又具有名词性特点,这些从句和名词一样,在句中可以充当主语、宾语(包括介词宾语和动词宾语以及某些形容词后的宾语)、表语和同位语。 一、主语从句 1.分清引导主语从句的三类引导词:(1)that不充当句子成分,本身无意义,仅起连接作用,但不能省略,通常用it作形式主语。(2)who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever本身有意义,在句中作主语或宾语,不能省略。(3)where,when,how,why本身有意义,在句中作状语。 2.注意whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。 3.由it作形式主语的句型 (1)It+be+形容词(obvious,natural,good,funny,etc.)+that从句。 (2)It+be+名词性词组(no wonder,an honour,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。 (3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,etc.)+that从句。 (4)It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语的相应形式+that从句。 (5)It doesn't matter/makes no difference,etc.+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。 由what,whatever,whoever等引导的主语从句,必须置于主句的谓语动词之前,不能用it作形式主语。 [典例1] ________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A.Whether

  B.What C.That

  D.How [解析] 该句的主语部分为________some people regard as a drawback;在该主语从句中regard后面缺少宾语,所以要用what,此处what既引导主语从句又在主语从句中充当宾语。that在句词性从句中不充当句子成分,本身无意义,仅起连接作用,故用在此处不正确。 [答案] B 二、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词、某些形容词的宾语。 [典例2] (2011年高考上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ________others actually understand. A.why

  B.that C.which

  D.what [解析] 句意:你想通过话语传达的信息也许正与其他人实际理解的完全相反。介词of后的宾语从句中understand缺少宾语,故用what,D为正确答案。 [答案] D 三、表语从句 1.that和whether引导的表语从句 that引导表语从句时,that本身没有词义,一般不可以省略(但在口语中有时也可以省略)。whether引导表语从句,表示“是否”,不能省略。 2.if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句: All this was over twenty years ago,but it was as if it was only yesterday. 3.主语是reason时,表语从句常用that,不用because,如: The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill. [典例3] Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was________it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A.what

  B.that C.why

  D.whether [解析] 在该句中有一个定语从句Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield。做题的时候可以把定语从句去掉,句子的主干为:Part of the reason was ________it was rather closely modeled on his own life.很显然横线后面的是作was的表语,而该从句不缺成分,故要用that来引导。 [答案] B 四、同位语从句 同位语从句一般由that(不能用which,且that不能省略)或whether引导,有时也可以用when,where,how,why等引导。同位语从句常放在名词的后面,解释说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句修饰的名词必须是一个表示事实等的抽象名词。fact,news,idea,truth,hope,information,belief,reply,doubt等。 [典例4] (2011年高考辽宁卷)When the news came________the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A.since

  B.which C.that

  D.because [解析] 句意:当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定参军。本题考查同位语从句。“the war broke out”作the news的同位语,该同位语从句不缺任何成分,用that引导,故答案为C项。 [答案] C *

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