2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修一Module 5
知识详解
① expand vi. 膨胀vt. 扩大,扩充
(回归课本P41)When you heat a metal,it expands.
当你加热金属时,它就会膨胀。
【归纳总结】
expand sth.使……膨胀,扩大
expand on/upon sth.详述,充分叙述
expansion n.扩张,膨胀
① Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
②As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.
随着儿童的成长,他们的兴趣会变广,人也会变得更自信。
③Could you expand on that point,please?
请你把那一点详细说明一下,好吗?
【例句探源】
expand,extend,spread, stretch
(1)expand展开,扩大,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。
(2)extend伸出,延伸,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸,也可指时间的延长。
(3)spread伸开,传播,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播(疾病),散布(信息等)。
(4)stretch伸展,拉长,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长。stretch out 躺下,伸展。
【易混辨析】
①Water expands when it freezes.
②The hot weather extended to October.
③The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.
④The cat_stretched out in front of the fire.
1.Why not try to________your story into a novel?
A.revise B.summarise
C.organise
D.expand
解析:选D。句意是:你为什么不把你的故事扩展成一部小说呢?此句要用expand...into...表示“把……扩展成……”。revise 的意思是“温习”;summarise总结;organise组织起来;expand扩展。
【即境活用】
2.Having finished his homework,Tony stood up behind the desk,________himself.
A.expanding B.extending
C.stretching
D.spreading
解析:选C。句意是:完成作业后,托尼从写字桌后站了起来,伸了伸懒腰。此题要用stretch指身体的伸展。
② conclusion
n. 结论
Conclusion
(回归课本P45)Iron rusts in ordinary water.
结论:铁在普通水中生锈。
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论
bring...to a conclusion使……结束
in conclusion最后,作为结论地;总之
conclude v.得出结论;断定,推断出;结束
to conclude最后
conclude from sth.that从……中断定
【归纳总结】
①They came to the conclusion that it’s time Chinese football should be regulated.
他们得出的结论是:中国足球到了该整顿的时候了。
② In conclusion,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后,我想说我今天过得很开心。
③It was concluded that the level of necessary change would be low.
据认定必要的变化水平将会很低。
④I concluded from what they said that they wanted to accept the offer.
我从他们的话中推断出他们想接受这份帮助。
【例句探源】
3.After a long discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the plan,they finally came to a(n)________that it was practical.
A.decisionB.opinion
C.conclusion
D.impression
解析:选C。句意:关于这项计划的优缺点,他们讨论了很长时间,最后终于得出了结论——这项计划实用。decision决定;opinion观点;conclusion结论;impression印象。come to a conclusion“得出结论”,为固定短语。
【即境活用】
③ ordinary adj. 普通的,平常的
(回归课本P45)The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
钉子在装有普通水的试管中生锈了。
ordinarylooking相貌平平的,相貌普通的
out of the ordinary不寻常的;例外的
in the ordinary way一般;通常
【归纳总结】
① Jim was not in the ordinary way a romantic,but he decided to bring Mary some roses.
吉姆通常并不是一个浪漫的人,但他决定带一些玫瑰花给玛丽。
②The new taxes came as a shock to ordinary Americans.
新税费对普通美国人来说如同一次重击。
③Nothing out of the ordinary had happened.
没发生什么意外之事。
④What is ordinary in one country may be very strange in another.
在一个国家很普通的事,在另一个国家可能很奇怪。
【例句探源】
【易混辨析】
ordinary,common,usual,normal
(1)ordinary普通的,平常的,平凡的。强调等级和类属方面普通。有“平庸无奇”之意。
(2)common普通的,常见的。强调经常发生,司空见惯,可修饰人或物。也可指共同的、共存的。common sense常识。
(3)usual 通常的,惯常的,惯例的,强调依照惯例来判断,有“遵循常规”之意。
(4) normal正常的,合乎标准的。强调在正常情况下应有的。
①Whoever has common sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health.
②Last Sunday,he went to work as usual.
③Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ordinary_illness.
④It is known that a person’s normal_temperature is about 36.5℃.
4.I really miss the security of a(n)________pay cheque.
A.ordinary B.usual
C.common
D.regular
解析:选D。ordinary“平常的,平凡的”;usual“通常的,惯例的”;common “常见的,共有的”;regular“定期的,固定的”。根据句意“我实在怀念定期领取工资支票的安全感”,可知选D项。
【即境活用】
④ react vi. (化学)反应;起作用;起反应
(回归课本P44)...it is important to know how they react with different substances...
……要了解它们和不同的物质如何发生反应,这一点很重要……
react to对……作出反应
react with与……起(化学)反应
react against反对;反抗
react on/upon对……有影响
reaction n.反应
【归纳总结】
① How did he react to your suggestion?
他对你的建议反应如何?
②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。
③Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。
④How do acids react on metals?
酸对金属起什么反应?
⑤What was her
reaction to the news?
她对这消息的反应如何?
【例句探源】
5.—How did you react________your father’s suggestion?
—I reacted strongly________it.
A.on;to B.on;with
C.against;with
D.to;against
解析:选D。react with“与……发生反应”;react to“对……的反应”;react against“反对”。句意:“你对你父亲的建议有何反应?”“我坚决反对。”
【即境活用】
⑤ add...to... 把……加到……
(回归课本P45)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.
在水中加些油。这样做可防止空气进入水中。
【归纳总结】
add v.加;继续说;补充说
add to增加;增添
add up把……加起来
add up to合计达;结果是
addition n.加;(数)加法;增加
in addition另外
in addition to除……之外
【例句探源】
①Please add some sugar to the bread.
请在面包上加些糖。
②Three added to four makes seven.三加四等于七。
③Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
烟花使节日之夜更具吸引力。
④Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.
把这些数字加起来,弄清楚总计是多少。
6.The total cost of their trip to America________
$ 8,000.
A.added up to B.added up
C.added to
D.was added up to
解析:选A。由题意可知,此处意指“总计”,故用add up to,此短语一般不用被动语态。
7.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather_________the helplessness of the crew
at sea.
A.added to
B.resulted from
C.turned out
D.made up
解析:选A。add to 表示“增添”的意思。
【即境活用】
⑥ keep...out of 使……进不去;不让……进入;把……挡在外面;避开
(回归课本P45)This will keep air out of the water.
这将阻止空气进入水中。
【归纳总结】
keep after追赶keep away远离keep back阻止;隐瞒keep down吞下;镇压;控制keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep off防止,避开keep on继续keep to坚持;履行keep up不低落;维持,坚持;继续keep up with跟上
①You’d better keep yourself out of other people’s quarrels.
你最好不要卷入别人的纠纷中去。
②He begged the police to keep his name out of the papers.
他恳求警察不要在报纸上披露他的名字。
③Please keep the dog out of the study.
别让这只狗进书房。
【例句探源】
8.I warned Bill to________trouble while I’m away.
A.keep out of B.keep out
C.keep away
D.keep back
解析:选A。句意“我警告比尔我不在的时候不要惹麻烦。”
9.________the fire,or your clothes may catch fire.
A.Keep out B.Keep away
C.Keep to
D.Keep off
解析:选D。keep off 不靠近。句意“不要靠近火,否则衣服容易着火。”
【即境活用】
⑦ go ahead 开始;继续;进展;领先
(回归课本P48) Go ahead!means Begin!
“开始吧!”意思是“开始!”
【归纳总结】
go ahead with继续做……
go straight ahead一直往前走
go ahead of走在……前头
①“May I ask you a question?”“Yes,go ahead.”
“我可以问你一个问题吗?”“可以,问吧!”
②Don’t be disturbed;just go ahead with your work.
不要受干扰,你们只管干你们的活。
③Things are going ahead smoothly.
事情进展顺利。
④You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly.
你先走一步,告诉他们我们随后就到。
【例句探源】
10.(高考四川卷)—May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
—________
A.Come on! B.Take care!
C.Go ahead!
D.Hold on!
解析:选C。问句是在请求许可,句意是:我可以打开窗户,让新鲜空气进来吗?四个选项中只有Go ahead!表示说话者同意,意为“打开吧!”Come on!用来催促对方,意为“快点吧!”Take care!小心!Hold on!坚持住!。
【即境活用】
11. (高考安徽卷)—Could you be so kind as to close the window?
—________.
A.With pleasure B.Go ahead
C.Yes,please
D.That’s OK
解析:选A。问句的意思是“你可不可以好心把窗户关上?”这个情景是请对方做某事,所以回答不能用Go ahead,而是With pleasure(愿意)。
12.(高考重庆卷)—Honey,let’s go out for dinner.
—________I don’t have to cook.
A.Forget it! B.That’s great!
C.Why?
D.Go ahead.
解析:选B。句意:——亲爱的,我们去外面吃晚饭吧。——太好了!我不必做饭了!由语境I don’t have to cook可知,听话者非常赞同说话者提出的建议,故答案为B项。forget it“没关系”“不必太在意”;why?“干嘛?”go ahead“去做吧”,都不符合语境。
⑧ be supposed to do 被期望或被要求(按规则、惯例等)做(某事)
(回归课本P49)...as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
……因为两个(大学)都有不错的物理系。
suppose v.假设,假定
It is supposed that...认为……
be supposed to do/ be sth.被期望做……/应该……
I don’t suppose(that)我以为……不会……
I suppose so/not.我想可以/不可以。
be supposed to have done被认为做过某事;本应当做某事
【归纳总结】
①It was generally supposed that it would not happen again.
一般都认为此事不会再发生。
②Everybody is supposed to know the law,but few people do.
人人都应当懂得法律,但很少有人懂。
③Whoever was supposed to be fit for the job was asked to sign up.
无论是谁,只要被认为适合做这项工作都被要求报了名。
【例句探源】
④You were supposed to have come,we had been waiting for you.
你应当来,我们一直在等着你。
⑤Tom was supposed to have stolen the money.
汤姆被认为偷了钱。
13.—The plane ________arrive at 11∶30,but was almost half an hour late.
—Common practice.
A.was about to B.was likely to
C.was supposed to
D.was certain to
解析:选C。be supposed to do“本应该”。
【即境活用】
14.The message is very important,so it is supposed________as soon as possible.
A.to be sentB.to send
C.being sent
D.sending
解析:选A。句意:这条信息很重要,所以要尽快发出去。be supposed后接不定式结构,意为“理应,应该”,排除C项和D项。it 指message,message和send之间为被动关系,排除B项,故A为正确答案。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 It is hard to think of a world without metals.(P44)
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
【句法分析】 本句中,it 为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语to think of...,构成It is/was+adj.+to do sth.的结构。
It is +adj.+for sb.to do sth.该句式中,作表语的形容词只能说明不定式的行为性质和特点,不能说明不定式的执行者。常见的这类形容词有:easy,important,difficult,hard,possible,impossible,necessary等。
It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.该句式中,作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质。常见的这类形容词有:kind,nice,good,honest,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,foolish,rude,polite,impolite等。
It is+adj./n.+thatclause
It is+no good/use doing sth.
①It is easier to say than to do.说比做容易。
②It is no good playing computer games.玩电脑游戏没有好处。
③It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam.
很遗憾他没有通过考试。
④It is said that the tickets have been sold out.
据说票已售完。
15.(高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought______would be good for you to have a holiday.
A.this B.that
C.one
D.it
解析:选D。句意:医生认为度假对你有好处。本题考查代词it作形式主语。根据句意不定式短语to have a holiday在宾语从句中作真正的主语,只有it 可作形式主语,故选D项。
【即境活用】
16.(高考天津卷)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.
A.as B.which
C.whether
D.that
解析:选D。句意是:对学生来说,很明显的是他们应该为将来做好准备。It是形式主语,________they should get well prepared for their future是主语从句,作真正的主语。这个引导词起引导作用,不作成分,故用that。
② 【教材原句】 Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top,and the metals that react least at the bottom.(P44)
这儿有一个图表,那些反应最强烈的金属在上部,反应最不强烈的在下部。
【句法分析】 这是一个倒装句,正常语序是:A table with...is here.
(1)在there ,here引导的句子中,谓语是be,exist等表示状态的不及物动词时,句子要全部倒装。
(2)在there,here,now,then,thus等开头的句子里,谓语动词是come,go,follow等时,句子要全部倒装。
(3)here,there引导的句子,当主语是代词时,不倒装,且此类句子不用进行时。
①Here are what I want you to do.下面是我想让你做的事情。
②There goes the bus. 公共汽车走了。
③Now comes my turn.现在该轮到我了。
17.(高考江苏卷)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look,there________the rest of our guests!
?A.come
B.comes
C.is coming
D.are coming
解析:选A。句意:——都到了吗?——还没有……看,其余的客人过来了!本题考查主谓一致。本句中there放在句首,句子采用了倒装句式,谓语动词应该根据句子的主语the rest of our guests来判断,B项和C项为第三人称单数形式,可排除;come用于进行时态表示将来的动作,不合题意,可排除;A项谓语动词与主语一致,故答案为A。
【即境活用】
18.(高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together.
A.voices had come B.came voices
C.voices would come
D.did voices come
解析:选B。考查倒装结构。表示时间的副词now,then及表示方位的副词here,there等位于句首,与位移性动词come,go,arrive等连用,且主语不是人称代词,此时用完全倒装。从前一句可知此处描述的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。
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