2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习教案精品荟萃:外研版必修一Module 5《A Lesson in a Lab》-查字典英语网
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2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习教案精品荟萃:外研版必修一Module 5《A Lesson in a Lab》

发布时间:2017-02-23  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修一Module 5

  知识详解

  ① expand  vi. 膨胀vt. 扩大,扩充

  (回归课本P41)When you heat a metal,it expands.

  当你加热金属时,它就会膨胀。

  【归纳总结】

  expand sth.使……膨胀,扩大

  expand on/upon sth.详述,充分叙述

  expansion n.扩张,膨胀

  ① Metals expand when they are heated.

  金属受热会膨胀。

  ②As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.

  随着儿童的成长,他们的兴趣会变广,人也会变得更自信。

  ③Could you expand on that point,please?

  请你把那一点详细说明一下,好吗?

  【例句探源】

  expand,extend,spread, stretch

  (1)expand展开,扩大,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。

  (2)extend伸出,延伸,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸,也可指时间的延长。

  (3)spread伸开,传播,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播(疾病),散布(信息等)。

  (4)stretch伸展,拉长,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长。stretch out 躺下,伸展。

  【易混辨析】

  ①Water expands when it freezes.

  ②The hot weather extended to October.

  ③The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.

  ④The cat_stretched out in front of the fire.

  1.Why not try to________your story into a novel?

  A.revise B.summarise

  C.organise

  D.expand

  解析:选D。句意是:你为什么不把你的故事扩展成一部小说呢?此句要用expand...into...表示“把……扩展成……”。revise 的意思是“温习”;summarise总结;organise组织起来;expand扩展。

  【即境活用】

  2.Having finished his homework,Tony stood up behind the desk,________himself.

  A.expanding B.extending

  C.stretching

  D.spreading

  解析:选C。句意是:完成作业后,托尼从写字桌后站了起来,伸了伸懒腰。此题要用stretch指身体的伸展。

  ② conclusion 

  n. 结论

  Conclusion

  (回归课本P45)Iron rusts in ordinary water.

  结论:铁在普通水中生锈。

  draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论

  bring...to a conclusion使……结束

  in conclusion最后,作为结论地;总之

  conclude v.得出结论;断定,推断出;结束

  to conclude最后

  conclude from sth.that从……中断定

  【归纳总结】

  ①They came to the conclusion that it’s time Chinese football should be regulated.

  他们得出的结论是:中国足球到了该整顿的时候了。

  ② In conclusion,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

  最后,我想说我今天过得很开心。

  ③It was concluded that the level of necessary change would be low.

  据认定必要的变化水平将会很低。

  ④I concluded from what they said that they wanted to accept the offer.

  我从他们的话中推断出他们想接受这份帮助。

  【例句探源】

  3.After a long discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the plan,they finally came to a(n)________that it was practical.

  A.decisionB.opinion

  C.conclusion

  D.impression

  解析:选C。句意:关于这项计划的优缺点,他们讨论了很长时间,最后终于得出了结论——这项计划实用。decision决定;opinion观点;conclusion结论;impression印象。come to a conclusion“得出结论”,为固定短语。

  【即境活用】

  ③ ordinary  adj. 普通的,平常的

  (回归课本P45)The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.

  钉子在装有普通水的试管中生锈了。

  ordinarylooking相貌平平的,相貌普通的

  out of the ordinary不寻常的;例外的

  in the ordinary way一般;通常

  【归纳总结】

  ① Jim was not in the ordinary way a romantic,but he decided to bring Mary some roses.

  吉姆通常并不是一个浪漫的人,但他决定带一些玫瑰花给玛丽。

  ②The new taxes came as a shock to ordinary Americans.

  新税费对普通美国人来说如同一次重击。

  ③Nothing out of the ordinary had happened.

  没发生什么意外之事。

  ④What is ordinary in one country may be very strange in another.

  在一个国家很普通的事,在另一个国家可能很奇怪。

  【例句探源】

  【易混辨析】

  ordinary,common,usual,normal

  (1)ordinary普通的,平常的,平凡的。强调等级和类属方面普通。有“平庸无奇”之意。

  (2)common普通的,常见的。强调经常发生,司空见惯,可修饰人或物。也可指共同的、共存的。common sense常识。

  (3)usual 通常的,惯常的,惯例的,强调依照惯例来判断,有“遵循常规”之意。

  (4) normal正常的,合乎标准的。强调在正常情况下应有的。

  ①Whoever has common sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health.

  ②Last Sunday,he went to work as usual.

  ③Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ordinary_illness.

  ④It is known that a person’s normal_temperature is about 36.5℃.

  4.I really miss the security of a(n)________pay cheque.

  A.ordinary B.usual

  C.common

  D.regular

  解析:选D。ordinary“平常的,平凡的”;usual“通常的,惯例的”;common “常见的,共有的”;regular“定期的,固定的”。根据句意“我实在怀念定期领取工资支票的安全感”,可知选D项。

  【即境活用】

  ④ react  vi. (化学)反应;起作用;起反应

  (回归课本P44)...it is important to know how they react with different substances...

  ……要了解它们和不同的物质如何发生反应,这一点很重要……

  react to对……作出反应

  react with与……起(化学)反应

  react against反对;反抗

  react on/upon对……有影响

  reaction n.反应

  【归纳总结】

  ① How did he react to your suggestion?

  他对你的建议反应如何?

  ②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.

  孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。

  ③Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.

  铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。

  ④How do acids react on metals?

  酸对金属起什么反应?

  ⑤What was her

  reaction to the news?

  她对这消息的反应如何?

  【例句探源】

  5.—How did you react________your father’s suggestion?

  —I reacted strongly________it.

  A.on;to B.on;with

  C.against;with

  D.to;against

  解析:选D。react with“与……发生反应”;react to“对……的反应”;react against“反对”。句意:“你对你父亲的建议有何反应?”“我坚决反对。”

  【即境活用】

  ⑤ add...to... 把……加到……

  (回归课本P45)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.

  在水中加些油。这样做可防止空气进入水中。

  【归纳总结】

  add v.加;继续说;补充说

  add to增加;增添

  add up把……加起来

  add up to合计达;结果是

  addition n.加;(数)加法;增加

  in addition另外

  in addition to除……之外

  【例句探源】

  ①Please add some sugar to the bread.

  请在面包上加些糖。

  ②Three added to four makes seven.三加四等于七。

  ③Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.

  烟花使节日之夜更具吸引力。

  ④Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.

  把这些数字加起来,弄清楚总计是多少。

  6.The total cost of their trip to America________

  $ 8,000.

  A.added up to  B.added up

  C.added to

  D.was added up to

  解析:选A。由题意可知,此处意指“总计”,故用add up to,此短语一般不用被动语态。

  7.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather_________the helplessness of the crew

  at sea.

  A.added to

  B.resulted from

  C.turned out

  D.made up

  解析:选A。add to 表示“增添”的意思。

  【即境活用】

  ⑥ keep...out of 使……进不去;不让……进入;把……挡在外面;避开

  (回归课本P45)This will keep air out of the water.

  这将阻止空气进入水中。

  【归纳总结】

  keep after追赶keep away远离keep back阻止;隐瞒keep down吞下;镇压;控制keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep off防止,避开keep on继续keep to坚持;履行keep up不低落;维持,坚持;继续keep up with跟上

  ①You’d better keep yourself out of other people’s quarrels.

  你最好不要卷入别人的纠纷中去。

  ②He begged the police to keep his name out of the papers.

  他恳求警察不要在报纸上披露他的名字。

  ③Please keep the dog out of the study.

  别让这只狗进书房。

  【例句探源】

  8.I warned Bill to________trouble while I’m away.

  A.keep out of B.keep out

  C.keep away

  D.keep back

  解析:选A。句意“我警告比尔我不在的时候不要惹麻烦。”

  9.________the fire,or your clothes may catch fire.

  A.Keep out B.Keep away

  C.Keep to

  D.Keep off

  解析:选D。keep off 不靠近。句意“不要靠近火,否则衣服容易着火。”

  【即境活用】

  ⑦ go ahead 开始;继续;进展;领先

  (回归课本P48) Go ahead!means Begin!

  “开始吧!”意思是“开始!”

  【归纳总结】

  go ahead with继续做……

  go straight ahead一直往前走

  go ahead of走在……前头

  ①“May I ask you a question?”“Yes,go ahead.”

  “我可以问你一个问题吗?”“可以,问吧!”

  ②Don’t be disturbed;just go ahead with your work.

  不要受干扰,你们只管干你们的活。

  ③Things are going ahead smoothly.

  事情进展顺利。

  ④You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly.

  你先走一步,告诉他们我们随后就到。

  【例句探源】

  10.(高考四川卷)—May I open the window to let in some fresh air?

  —________

  A.Come on! B.Take care!

  C.Go ahead!

  D.Hold on!

  解析:选C。问句是在请求许可,句意是:我可以打开窗户,让新鲜空气进来吗?四个选项中只有Go ahead!表示说话者同意,意为“打开吧!”Come on!用来催促对方,意为“快点吧!”Take care!小心!Hold on!坚持住!。

  【即境活用】

  11. (高考安徽卷)—Could you be so kind as to close the window?

  —________.

  A.With pleasure  B.Go ahead

  C.Yes,please

  D.That’s OK

  解析:选A。问句的意思是“你可不可以好心把窗户关上?”这个情景是请对方做某事,所以回答不能用Go ahead,而是With pleasure(愿意)。

  12.(高考重庆卷)—Honey,let’s go out for dinner.

  —________I don’t have to cook.

  A.Forget it! B.That’s great!

  C.Why?

  D.Go ahead.

  解析:选B。句意:——亲爱的,我们去外面吃晚饭吧。——太好了!我不必做饭了!由语境I don’t have to cook可知,听话者非常赞同说话者提出的建议,故答案为B项。forget it“没关系”“不必太在意”;why?“干嘛?”go ahead“去做吧”,都不符合语境。

  ⑧ be supposed to do 被期望或被要求(按规则、惯例等)做(某事)

  (回归课本P49)...as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.

  ……因为两个(大学)都有不错的物理系。

  suppose v.假设,假定

  It is supposed that...认为……

  be supposed to do/ be sth.被期望做……/应该……

  I don’t suppose(that)我以为……不会……

  I suppose so/not.我想可以/不可以。

  be supposed to have done被认为做过某事;本应当做某事

  【归纳总结】

  ①It was generally supposed that it would not happen again.

  一般都认为此事不会再发生。

  ②Everybody is supposed to know the law,but few people do.

  人人都应当懂得法律,但很少有人懂。

  ③Whoever was supposed to be fit for the job was asked to sign up.

  无论是谁,只要被认为适合做这项工作都被要求报了名。

  【例句探源】

  ④You were supposed to have come,we had been waiting for you.

  你应当来,我们一直在等着你。

  ⑤Tom was supposed to have stolen the money.

  汤姆被认为偷了钱。

  13.—The plane ________arrive at 11∶30,but was almost half an hour late.

  —Common practice.

  A.was about to B.was likely to

  C.was supposed to

  D.was certain to

  解析:选C。be supposed to do“本应该”。

  【即境活用】

  14.The message is very important,so it is supposed________as soon as possible.

  A.to be sentB.to send

  C.being sent

  D.sending

  解析:选A。句意:这条信息很重要,所以要尽快发出去。be supposed后接不定式结构,意为“理应,应该”,排除C项和D项。it 指message,message和send之间为被动关系,排除B项,故A为正确答案。

  句型梳理

  ① 【教材原句】 It is hard to think of a world without metals.(P44)

  很难想象一个没有金属的世界。

  【句法分析】 本句中,it 为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语to think of...,构成It is/was+adj.+to do sth.的结构。

  It is +adj.+for sb.to do sth.该句式中,作表语的形容词只能说明不定式的行为性质和特点,不能说明不定式的执行者。常见的这类形容词有:easy,important,difficult,hard,possible,impossible,necessary等。

  It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.该句式中,作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质。常见的这类形容词有:kind,nice,good,honest,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,foolish,rude,polite,impolite等。

  It is+adj./n.+thatclause

  It is+no good/use doing sth.

  ①It is easier to say than to do.说比做容易。

  ②It is no good playing computer games.玩电脑游戏没有好处。

  ③It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam.

  很遗憾他没有通过考试。

  ④It is said that the tickets have been sold out.

  据说票已售完。

  15.(高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought______would be good for you to have a holiday.

  A.this B.that

  C.one

  D.it

  解析:选D。句意:医生认为度假对你有好处。本题考查代词it作形式主语。根据句意不定式短语to have a holiday在宾语从句中作真正的主语,只有it 可作形式主语,故选D项。

  【即境活用】

  16.(高考天津卷)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.

  A.as B.which

  C.whether

  D.that

  解析:选D。句意是:对学生来说,很明显的是他们应该为将来做好准备。It是形式主语,________they should get well prepared for their future是主语从句,作真正的主语。这个引导词起引导作用,不作成分,故用that。

  ② 【教材原句】 Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top,and the metals that react least at the bottom.(P44)

  这儿有一个图表,那些反应最强烈的金属在上部,反应最不强烈的在下部。

  【句法分析】 这是一个倒装句,正常语序是:A table with...is here.

  (1)在there ,here引导的句子中,谓语是be,exist等表示状态的不及物动词时,句子要全部倒装。

  (2)在there,here,now,then,thus等开头的句子里,谓语动词是come,go,follow等时,句子要全部倒装。

  (3)here,there引导的句子,当主语是代词时,不倒装,且此类句子不用进行时。

  ①Here are what I want you to do.下面是我想让你做的事情。

  ②There goes the bus. 公共汽车走了。

  ③Now comes my turn.现在该轮到我了。

  17.(高考江苏卷)—Is everyone here?

  —Not yet...Look,there________the rest of our guests!

  ?A.come

  B.comes

  C.is coming

  D.are coming

  解析:选A。句意:——都到了吗?——还没有……看,其余的客人过来了!本题考查主谓一致。本句中there放在句首,句子采用了倒装句式,谓语动词应该根据句子的主语the rest of our guests来判断,B项和C项为第三人称单数形式,可排除;come用于进行时态表示将来的动作,不合题意,可排除;A项谓语动词与主语一致,故答案为A。

  【即境活用】

  18.(高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together.

  A.voices had come B.came voices

  C.voices would come

  D.did voices come

  解析:选B。考查倒装结构。表示时间的副词now,then及表示方位的副词here,there等位于句首,与位移性动词come,go,arrive等连用,且主语不是人称代词,此时用完全倒装。从前一句可知此处描述的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。

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