2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修一Module 4
知识详解
① approach v． 接近；靠近；走近 n． 接近；通路；方法
(回归课本P32)Now we’re leaving the business district and approaching the harbour.
现在我们正离开商业区，快到海港了。
approach sth./sb.靠近，接近某事/某人
at the approach of在……将到的时候
approach sb.about /on sth.为某事与某人打交道an /the approach to...……的方法/步骤
【归纳总结】
① As we approached
the lamb，it was frightened away.
我们走近小羊时，它被吓跑了。
② The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken language.
学习外语的最好的途径是学口语。
③The leaves were turning brown with the approach of autumn.
随着秋天的临近，树叶变成了褐色。
④All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.
所有通往机场的路都被警方封锁了。
【例句探源】
1．At the class meeting they discussed three different________to the study of English.
A．approachesB．means
C．methods
D．ways
解析：选A。句意是：在班会上，他们谈论了三种不同的英语学习方法。根据后面的介词to可知，此题要用approaches。means，method和way虽然都表示相同的意义，但它们后面常接of doing或to do。
【即境活用】
2.完成句子
__________________ the problem has not been worked out.
这个问题的解决方法还没有制订出来。
答案：The approach to
② exchange vt.& vi.& n． 交换，交流，兑换
(回归课本P37)There are museums, cinemas，theatres，art galleries，parks, coffee bars，clubs and many other places where people can meet and exchange ideas.
人们可以在博物馆、电影院、剧院、美术馆、公园、咖啡馆、俱乐部以及许多其他的地方见面并交流思想。
exchange A for B 以A 换 B
exchange sth.with sb.同某人交换某物
in exchange for 以……换……
make an exchange交换
exchange words争吵，吵架
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting.
在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。
②He gave me an apple in exchange for an orange.
他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。
③We’ll have an opportunity to exchange views with our teachers tomorrow.
明天我们将有机会与老师交换看法。
④They have offered to release the hostages, but what do they want in exchange?
他们提出可以释放人质，但他们想要什么作为交换？
【易混辨析】
change, exchange
(1)change 通常指一个人或一件东西的本质、状态、外表或形状等方面的根本“改变”。另外change 表示“换去”，不是“换来”，如自行车旧了，换辆新的，不能说change a new bike，要说change the old bike。
(2)exchange表示两人或双方相互交换，交换的对象可以是具体的人或事物，也可以是抽象的行为动作，表示行为动作的名词通常是复数形式，有时也可用单数形式。
①His new shoes didn’t fit so he took them back to the shop and changed them.
②Would you mind exchanging places with me so that I can be nearer (to) the fire?
3．He________his old car for a new model as soon as he had won the money.
A．exchangedB．replaced
C．translated
D．removed
解析：选A。句意是：他赢了钱后就把他的旧车换成了新车。此句要用exchange 构成exchange...for...短语表示“把……换成……”。replace 替换，后面的介词要用with；translate 翻译成；remove除掉。
【即境活用】
③ afford vt. 买得起，有能力支付；(有时间)做；承担得起(后果)；提供，给予
(回归课本P39)
The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.
房子价格上涨，那一地区的人们在城里买不起房子。
【归纳总结】
afford to do sth.负担得起干……(费用)
【例句探源】
①Television affords pleasure to many people.
电视给很多人带来乐趣。
②We can’t afford to go on vacation this year.
今年我们没钱去度假。
③(高考重庆卷)I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat.
我担心他可能没有钱，买不起吃的东西。
【即境活用】
4. If we could________three weeks, we’d like to go abroad for our holidays.
A．affordB．take
C．cost
D．spend
解析：选A。根据句意“如是我们能抽出三周时间就会去国外度假”知应选A。
5.完成句子
We ____________________such a price.
我们支付不起这个价。
答案：can’t afford to pay
④ survive vt. 比……活得长，幸免于
vi. 死里逃生，大难不死
(回归课本P39)
All these things mean that many villages in western Europe are fighting to survive.
所有这些都意味着西欧许多村庄都在为生存而斗争。
【归纳总结】
survive sth.从(事故/火灾/地震等)……中幸存下来
survive sb.比……活的时间长/寿命长
survive on sth.靠……继续维持生活
①Those who survived the Wenchuan earthquake have received timely aid.
那些在汶川地震中幸存下来的人获得了及时的救助。
②The old man was the only person who survived in the plane crash.
这位老人是飞机坠毁事件中的唯一生还者。
③I don’t know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy’s salary.
我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪金是怎样过活的。
④Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands.
科学研究表明妇女往往比她们的丈夫寿命长。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
6．Little Tom was the only one of his family to________that big earthquake.
A．remainB．leave
C．live
D．survive
解析：选D。句意：小汤姆是这家人在那次大地震中幸存的唯一一位。survive“幸存，存活”。
7.完成句子
There are concerns that the refugees may not ______________________.
人们担心那些难民可能熬不过冬天。
答案：survive the winter
⑤ contact n． 接触，联系；交往，熟人关系
vt.& vi. 联络，联系(某人)
(回归课本P40)Contact your neighbourhood committee.
联系一下你所在的居委会。
【归纳总结】
make contact with (想办法)联络，联系(人)
get into/in contact with与……取得联系
lose contact with与……失去联系
be in /out of contact with与……有(没有)联系
keep in contact with与……保持联系
①Please contact/make contact with me if you have any questions.
如果有问题请和我联系。
②You’d better get into contact with him as soon as possible.
你最好尽快跟他联系。
③We stay in contact with each other by telephone.
我们通过电话保持联系。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
8.The journalist had________in Paris and he managed to get into________with her.
A．contact；contactB．a contact；a contact
C．contact；a contact
D．a contact；contact
解析：选D。contact 作“熟人”讲时是可数名词，前面加不定冠词 a；get into contact with是固定搭配，此时不需要任何冠词。
9．完成句子
Have you been _______________him recently?
你最近和他有联系吗？
答案：in contact with
⑥ put up 修建；张贴；(为……)提供膳宿；提高(价钱)
(回归课本P32)They’ve
put up a lot of highrise buildings recently.
最近，他们建起了许多摩天大厦。
put away收拾；储存(钱)
put aside储存；留出；把……放在一边暂不考虑
put forward提出(意见、建议等)
put off延期；推迟
put on假装；表演，上演(戏剧)；穿上，戴上
put out 熄灭，扑灭
put up with忍受，忍耐
put down批评；写下，记下；镇压
【归纳总结】
①They are putting up several new buildings in that block.
他们正在那一街区建几幢新楼房。
②The names of the successful candidates will be put up on the college notice board.
录取名单将公布在学院布告栏里。
③They agreed to put
two foreign students up over the summer.
他们同意夏季为两个外国留学生提供膳宿。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
10．(高考陕西卷)A notice was________in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.
A．sent upB．given up
C．set up
D．put up
解析：选D。句意是：通知已张贴出来了，目的是为了提醒学生讲座时间已改变。根据notice(通知)与动词的搭配特点可知，空白处要用put up 表示“张贴”。send up“发射”；give up“放弃”；set up“建立”。
11.用适当的介/副词填空
(1)He puts ____________ some money for old age every month.
答案：away/aside
(2)The meeting will be put __________ till next week.
答案：off
(3)He isn’t really that upset；he is just putting it __________.
答案：on
(4)I don’t know how she puts up __________ his cruelty to her.
答案：with
⑦ a great many/a number of 许多，大量
(回归课本P38) A great many things means...
许多事情意味着……
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Stop complaining! A good many people would be happy to have work.
别发牢骚了！很多人有工作做就感到满足了。
②A great many of these books have been published this year.
今年许多这种书已出版了。
③It seems that a great many people are out of work because of the economic crisis.
由于经济危机，好像现在很多人已失业了。
④I’ve seen the movie a number of times.
那部电影我已看过好多次了。
the number of，a number of
(1)the number of 意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)a number of 意为“许多，大量”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
①The number of people invited was one hundred，but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
②A_number_of products on his farm are transported to the big cities.
【易混辨析】
【即境活用】
12.(高考山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997.
A．is B．are
C．has been
D．have been
解析：选C。the number of ＋n.作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。
13. (高考江西卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000，a(n)____________of 40,000 per year.
A．average
B．number
C．amount
D．quantity
解析：选A。句意：去年拿到驾照的学员数量达到了20万，平均每年4万。an average of...……的平均数；a number of 许多，大量；an amount of 许多，大量；a quantity of 许多，大量。
⑧ get away from 离开；逃脱；摆脱
(回归课本P37)．..there are times when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise...
……有时候我需要到乡下，去摆脱这些噪音……
【归纳总结】
get away 走开，逃离；外出
get away with sth.做(错事)而未被发觉/未受惩罚get over从(病或损失等)中恢复过来
get down to (doing)sth.着手做某事
①I think we are getting away from the topic.
我想我们正偏离话题。
②He managed to get away from the cheat.
他设法摆脱了那个骗子。
③All the people in the office will have got away by 6 o’clock.
6点前办公室里所有的人都将已离开。
④(朗文P867)It took him a week to get over the flu.
从流感中恢复过来花了他一周时间。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
14．The meeting lasted as long as three hours and I couldn’t ________it until 10 p．m..
A．get away from B．get away with
C．run away with
D．do away with
解析：选A。get away from“摆脱开”；get away with“做错事却未受惩罚”；run away with“失去控制，使按捺不住”； do away with表示“废除”。根据语境答案为A，表示开会脱不开身。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 It’s been six years since we last saw each other，you know.(P32)
你知道自从上次我们见面以来已经六年了。
【句法分析】 (1)It＋be＋时间段＋since...句型意为“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”。主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
①It has been a year since we last met.
自从我们上次相遇至今已有一年了。
(2)It＋be＋时间段＋before...句型意为“一段时间后才/就……”。主句若是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；若主句是一般过去时，从句也用过去时。例如：
②It will not be long before they understand each other.
用不了多久他们就会互相了解。
【注意】 在It ＋be＋时间点＋(that/when)．..句型中，如果将it，be 和连词去掉后句子仍然完整，说明是强调句型，应用连词that；如果去掉这些成分后句子不完整，应用连词when(引导时间状语从句)。
③It was 11 o’clock when he came back last night.
他昨晚十一点回来的。(时间状语从句)
④It was at 11 o’clock that he came back last night.
他昨晚回来的时候是十一点。(强调句)
It’s(high/about)time＋(that)从句中，that 从句中谓语动词
用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。
⑤It’s (high)time we should tell/told the truth.
到了我们说实话的时候了。
【即境活用】
16．(高考陕西卷)John thinks it won’t be long__________he is ready for his new job.
A．whenB．after
C．before
D．since
解析：选C。句意：约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。本题考查句式It won’t be long before...表示“过不了多久就……”。
17.I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long，but it’ll still be some time ________Brian gets back.
A．before
B．since
C．till
D．after
解析：选A。句意：对不起，让你等了这么长时间，但是，Brian还要过一段时间才能回来。本题应注意句型：It will be＋一段时间＋before从句，意为：要过多久才……。
② 【教材原句】 And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.(P32)
这是我第一次到你的家乡来参观。
【句法分析】 It /This is the first/second...last time(that)＋主语＋has/have done与It/That was the first/second...last time(that)＋主语＋had done两句型都表示“是某人第一、二……次做某事”。
(1)当主句用一般现在时时，that 从句中的谓语用现在完成时；
(2)当主句用一般过去时时，that从句中的谓语用过去完成时，并且在口语中that 还可以省略。
49
①This is the third time this week that she has been late for work.
这已经是她本周第三次上班迟到了。
②That was the last time he had helped me.
那是他最后一次帮我。
18.(高考陕西卷)This is the first time we__________a film in the cinema together as a family.
A．seeB．had seen
C．saw
D．have seen
解析：选D。句意：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”为固定句型，that 从句需用现在完成时。“It is time that sb.did/should do sth.”句型中，that 从句需要用虚拟语气，意为“某人该做某事的时间到了”。
【即境活用】
19．(高考辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？
A．isn’t he
B．hasn’t he
C．isn’t it
D．hasn’t it
解析：选C。句意：这是他第一次来澳大利亚，不是吗？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成须依据主句的主语和谓语而定。