2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修一Module 3
知识详解
① distance n． 距离；远处；远方
(回归课本P23)Recently I had my first ride on a longdistance train.最近我第一次搭乘长途火车。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①From a distance
we could see her smiling and waving her hand.
从远处我们可以看到她微笑着挥手。
②Mount Everest could be seen in the distance.
远远地可以看到珠穆朗玛峰。
③Her father advised her to keep her distance from that fellow.
她父亲劝她疏远那家伙。
④Place the rod at a distance of 40mm from the light source.
把棒放在离光源40毫米的地方。
⑤Ann likes to keep people at a distance.
安喜欢与人保持一段距离。
1.—What is the________from the station to your house?
—The station is 3 miles________my house.
A．distance；distance
B．distance；distant
C．distant；distance
D．distance；distant from
解析：选D。表示“多远的距离”放在数词之后时，常用 distant from...；第一个空放在冠词之后，故用名词。
【即境活用】
2．完成句子
The girl stood there，watching until the train disappeared __________________.
那姑娘站在那儿看着，直到火车在远处消失。
答案：in the distance
② scenery n． 风景；景色
(回归课本P23)For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey, the scenery was very colourful.
前几百公里旅程，景色美不胜收。
【例句探源】
①Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery
.
桂林以风景优美而闻名。
②The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.
山里的景色非常优美。
scenery, scene, view, sight
(1)scenery 是不可数名词，是自然景色的总称，常用来描述静态的美丽的乡村景色。
(2)scene 指展现在眼前的情景，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。
(3)view 是可数名词，意为“风景，景色”，表示从某处可看到的scenery的一部分，侧重指能够看到的部分，即所见之景。常构成get/have/offer a view of...或there is a view of...搭配。此外，view 还可表示“观点，看法；视野”等。
(4)sight 表示某一地区值得观看的建筑物、胜地，特色等，常用作复数。
【易混辨析】
①The music reminded me of the happy scene in my childhood.
②At the top of the mountain，I stopped to take in the beautiful view.
③Let’s take this way back home. We can enjoy the beautiful scenery.
④I was so busy that I had no time to see the sights of London.
【即境活用】
3．One of the advantages of living on the top floor is that you can have a good ____________ of the city.
A．sight B．scenery
C．view
D．look
解析：选C。sight 指眼前的景观；scenery 着重指一个国家或地区所有的自然或天然景色；view“风景，景色”，通常指从某个特定的位置所看到的景物，have a good view of...“看清……”。
③ abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
(回归课本P23)We saw abandoned
farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
我们看到一些一百多年前建造的现已废弃的农场。
【归纳总结】
abandon v.离弃，放弃，抛弃，中止
abandon oneself to 沉溺于，陷入
with abandon 放任；纵情
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
①They’re going to dive into the sea to see the
abandoned sunken ship.
他们打算潜入海洋去看那只被遗弃的沉船。
②He
abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.
他抛弃了妻子，带走了家中所有的钱。
③We had to
abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.
我们只好弃车，步行赶剩下的路。
④She abandoned herself to despair.
她陷入绝望之中。
【例句探源】
4.The broken bike was found________by the riverside.
A．abandoningB．abandoned
C．to be abandoned
D．being abandoned
解析：选B。此处用形容词abandoned作宾语补足语。
5．完成句子
You should not__________________________.
你不应该过于贪图吃喝。
答案： abandon yourself to eating and drinking
【即境活用】
④ supply vt. 供应；提供；补充；满足
n． [U]供给，供应量；(复)供应品；生活用品
(回归课本P23)For many years，trained camels carried food and other supplies，and returned with wool and other products.
许多年以来，经过训练的骆驼运走食品和其他供给物，带回羊毛和其他产品。
(1)supply sb.with sth.＝supply sth.to sb.给某人提供某物supply a need/demand满足需要supply a loss弥补损失
(2)a supply of ...……的供应量(be)in short supply短缺
【归纳总结】
①The gas supply to the building failed.
这栋楼的煤气供应中断了。
②Do you get an adequate supply of food?
你们得到足够的食物供给了吗？
【例句探源】
supply，offer，provide
三者都表示“提供”的意思，其用法如下：
supply sb.with sth.＝supply sth.to/for sb.
provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb.
offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
另外，offer还可用于句式：offer sth./to do sth.
①The government supplies/provides them with food and water.
②The government provides food and water for them.
③The government offers them food and water.
【易混辨析】
6．All the rooms are________with electric lights.
A．supplied
B．given
C．offered
D．burnt
解析：选A。此处是supply sb.with sth.的被动形式。
7.完成句子
The water plant ______________________.
水厂为城市提供优质水。
答案：supplies/provides the city with fine water
【即境活用】
⑤ allow vt. 允许，许可；留出；容许
(回归课本P23)In 1925，they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.
1925年，他们通过了一条法令，规定如果这些动物成为问题，就允许人们杀死它们。
【归纳总结】
①Smoking is not allowed here.
此处禁止吸烟。
②Are we allowed to play catch here?
我们可以在这里练习投接球吗？
③Your plan allows only five minutes for transferring.Can we manage?
你的计划允许我们只有5分钟时间换车。我们来得及吗？
④We should allow for every possible delay.
我们必须考虑到任何可能的延误。
【例句探源】
8．Energy drinks are not allowed________in Australia but brought in from New Zealand.
A．to make
B．to be made
C．to have been made
D．to be making
解析：选B。句意：能量饮料在澳大利亚不允许生产但可以从新西兰引进。第一考查be allowed to do 结构；第二考查drinks与make 之间是被动关系。 be allowed to be made 允许被制作。
【即境活用】
9.The children are not________until the bell rings，whatever the weather.
A．allowed for
B．allowed of
C．allowed to
D．allowed in
解析：选D。句意：不论天气如何，铃响后孩子们才被允许进入。be allowed in 被允许进入。
⑥ get on 上(车、船等)；进展，进行，相处；继续进行下去
(回归课本P23)We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs...
我们在悉尼上的车，在艾丽斯斯普林斯下的车……
get on/along with进展；与……相处
get across使(想法、信息等)被理解
get around(消息等)传播；四处走动(旅行)
get down to开始认真(做某事)(to为介词)
get into穿上；陷入；学会
get off下(车、船等)；动身，出发
get through通过；完成；接通(电话)
get away走开，脱身；逃离
get out of逃避；摆脱；使说出
【归纳总结】
①He was about to
get on the bus when someone called him.
他正要上车，这时有人喊住了他。
②The workers couldn’t get on for lack of materials.
由于缺乏材料，工人们无法进行下去。
③How are you getting on with your study/classmates?
你学习怎么样？/你与你的同学相处得怎么样？
④You mustn’t get off until the bus has stopped.
直到车停稳你才能下车。
【例句探源】
10．My parents often call my head teacher，asking how I________ at school.
A．get over B．get through
C．get around
D．get on
解析：选D。句意：父母经常给我班主任打电话，问我在学校怎么样。
11.用get构成的短语的适当形式填空
(1)“Don’t ________ the bus before it has stopped.”the driver told the passengers.
答案：get off
(2)Don’t ________ this matter again, please.
答案：get into
【即境活用】
(3)I’m afraid I can’t ________ the meeting.
答案：get away from
(4)How long does it take you to ________ a letter?
答案：get through
(5)________ the car，the driver checked to see whether there was something wrong with the tyres.
答案：Getting out of
⑦ refer to 提到，涉及；说起；参考，查阅；指的是
(回归课本P26)Which of them can refer to past or present actions?
它们中哪些可以指过去的动作或现在的动作？
【归纳总结】
(1)refer to...as...称……为……refer...to...把……委托/交付给……
(2)reference n.参考，查阅；谈到，提及reference book参考书in/with reference to...关于……
①I said I wouldn’t do it ，but I wasn’t referring to giving it up.
我说我不愿意做，但我并不指我放弃了。
②(朗文P1712)If you don’t know what book to get，refer to the list on page 3.
如果你不知道要什么书，请查看第3页上的书单。
③(朗文P1650)Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.
请在不查阅词典的情况下完成练习。
【例句探源】
refer to，look up
两个词在汉语中都可译为“查阅词典”，但refer to 跟工具书作宾语，look up 跟要查的内容作宾语。
He referred_to the dictionary in order to look_up the new word.
【易混辨析】
12．The boy________ forward to__________a new bike.
A．referred to look ；buying
B．referred to looking；buy
C．referred to is looking；buying
D．referring to looks；buy
解析：选C。referred to 是过去分词短语作后置定语。look forward to doing 为固定短语“盼望着做某事”，故选C。
【即境活用】
13.完成句子
The rule about not walking on the grass also ________________________.
不要踩踏草坪的规定也适用于老师。
答案：refers to teachers
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】
Would you mind
请出示你的票好吗？
【句法分析】
Would you mind if sb. did sth.?
如果某人做了某事你是否介意？
Do you mind doing sth.?
你介意做某事吗？
Do you mind if sb.do sth.?
你介意某人做某事吗？
mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事
①Would you mind opening the window?
你介意打开窗子吗？
②Would you mind if I smoked in the room?
我在房间吸烟你是否介意？
③Do you mind my/me sitting here？我坐在这儿你介意吗？
【注意】 回答“Do/Would you mind...？”问句时，一定要注意前后的一致性，常见的表示“不介意”的答语有：Certainly not；Not at all；Not a bit ；No，go ahead；表示介意的答语有：I’m sorry，but I ...；Yes, I do mind；I’m sorry，but you’d better not...
14．(高考辽宁卷)—Sorry，do you mind if I smoke here?
—Yes，________.
A．you could B．go ahead
C．I do
D．my pleasure
解析：选C。根据Yes 可知，说话人反对对方吸烟，所以应选C项。
【即境活用】
15.—Do you mind if I record your lecture?
—________.Go ahead.
A．Never mind
B．No way
C．Not at all
D．No.You’d better not
解析：选C。句意：——你介意我把你讲的东西录下来吗？——一点都不介意，录吧！C项意为I don’t mind at all一点都不介意；B项意为没门，决不；D项与go ahead矛盾，故排除；A项“别担心，没关系”，多用于安慰对方，用英文可解释为 tell sb.not to worry or be upset，不符合题意。
② 【教材原句】
The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.(P23)
直到20世纪20年代，阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。
【句法分析】 本句中的until the 1920s意为“直到20世纪20年代”。until作介词用时后接时间名词作宾语；作连词用时后接时间状语从句。都表示“直到……为止”。使用这个词汇要注意以下两个方面：
(1)until 引导的时间状语表示一个时间段，所以与之连用的主句谓语一定是延续性。
①He worked until deep into the night.
他一直工作到深夜。
(2)not...until...直到……才……
②He didn’t come back until 12 o’clock.
他直到12点才回来。
(3)not...until用在强调句与倒装句中。
It was not until 12 o’clock that he came back.
(not须与until短语一起被强调)
③Not until 12 o’clock did he come back.
(not 须与until短语一起置于句首，且主句倒装)
16．(高考江西卷)Not until he left his home________ to know how important the family was for him.
?A．did he beginB．had he begun
C．he began
D．he had begun
解析：选A。考查倒装句。句意：只有当他离开家的时候，他才开始意识到这个家对于他来说是何等得重要。not until引导的句式放于句首，主句需用部分倒装。主从句动词基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。
【即境活用】
17.(高考江西卷)It was________he came back from Africa that year __________he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when；thenB．not；until
C．not until；that
D．only；when
解析：选C。句意：直到那年从非洲回来他才遇到那个他想娶的女孩。本题考查“not...until...”的强调句式，即：It is/was＋not until...(时间状语)＋that＋其他成分。本句还可说成：①He didn’t meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.②Not until he came back from Africa that year did he meet the girl he would like to marry.。