2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修四Module 6
知识详解
1
claim v. 声称;主张;要求;索赔
n. 断言;权利;要求权;所有权
(回归课本P52)Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature,Xue Junlin,a local photographer,claimed that its head looked like a horse.尽管没有人看清楚过这个神秘的怪物,但当地一位摄影师薛俊林声称:怪物的头看起来像马头。
11
归纳总结
例句探源
①(朗文P318)They put in a claim on the insurance for the stolen luggage.
他们在行李被偷后向保险公司提出索赔要求。
②(朗文P318)Lost property can be claimed between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m..
可于上午10点至下午4点之间认领失物。
③She claimed to have ever been met by the president.
她宣称曾被总统接见过。
④The old man claimed the land.老人要求得到这块土地。
易混辨析
claim,declare,announce
claim 指通常并没有证据的宣称。
declare 一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。
announce 泛指宣布某一消息或某事;预示着……的到来。
①He claimed to have paid.
②The U.S. declared_war on England in 1812.
③Everyone was silent as he announced the list.
即境活用
1.Every citizen in a democratic country may________the protection of the law.
A.declare
B.claim
C.ask
D.announce
解析:选B。句意为“民主国家的每一位公民都可以要求法律的保护”。claim(根据权利)对……提出要求;declare断言,宣称;announce宣布,宣告,发表。
2.When I was a child,fishermen and sailors sometimes ________to have seen monsters in the sea.
A.appeared
B.published
C.claimed
D.happened
解析:选C。句意是:当我还是个小孩子的时候,渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。此句要用claimed表示“声称”。
2
fortune n. 运气;命运;财富
(回归课本P59)So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.
因此,中国龙能带来好运气。
归纳总结
例句探源
①He won the game by good fortune.
他靠运气赢得了比赛。
②These two brothers decided to go to America to seek their fortunes.
这兄弟俩决定去美国寻找致富之路。
③Many people went to cities to make their fortune.
为了发财,很多人都去了城里。
④He’s fortunate in having a good job,since business is bad nowadays.
他有一份好工作真幸运,因为近来生意不好做。
即境活用
3.I have had the good________to work with some experts.
A.worth B.fortune
C.wealth
D.reputation
解析:选B。该处强调与专家一起工作是幸运的。worth“价值,财产”;wealth“财富,财产”;reputation“名誉”。
3
reputation n. 名誉;名声;声望;荣誉,信誉
(回归课本P59)But in the west,dragons had a different reputation.
但是在西方,龙有着截然不同的名声。
归纳总结
例句探源
①(朗文P1674)Martin lived up to his reputation and arrived late.
马丁果然不出所料,姗姗来迟。
②(朗文P1674)His approach had won him a reputation as a tough manager.
作为经理,他的办事方法使他以强硬著称。
③The restaurant has a good reputation.
这家餐馆名声很好。
即境活用
4.I am surprised that a company with such good________would produce such poor quality goods.
A.translation
B.reputation
C.population
D.evolution
解析:选B。句意是:拥有那样一个好的声誉的公司竟然生产出那样低劣的产品,我真是感到惊奇。translation翻译;reputation声誉;population人口;evolution进化。
5.(南京市模拟)The girl has no________at all.She is still trying to please her boyfriend,even though he is so cold.
A.character
B.reputation
C.dignity
D.figure
解析:选C。考查名词辨析。句意“这个女孩没有尊严可言。她还是想讨好她的男朋友,尽管他是那么冷淡。”character“性格”;reputation“名声”;figure“身材”。
4
die out 灭绝;逐渐消失
(回归课本P56)Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out.
或许是因为太多的争斗使恐龙灭绝了。
归纳总结
例句探源
①(朗文P559)If the ocean becomes too salty, certain types of marine life die out.
如果海水盐分太大,一些海洋物种就会灭绝。
②Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗都在日渐消失。
③The music died away as we closed the door.
由于我们关上门了,音乐声变弱了。
④The animals are dying off because of the destruction of the forests.
由于森林被破坏,动物在逐渐死去。
⑤The storm has died down.
暴风雨已渐渐停了。
即境活用
6.If too many of these rare animals are killed,their species will die________.
A.awayB.off
C.out
D.down
解析:选C。句意“如果这些稀有动物过多地被杀,这些物种将会灭绝。”
7.(湖北天门中学模拟)On the Eve of the Spring Festival,we Chinese people like to play with fireworks,and the noise doesn’t________until after midnight.
A.die away
B.die off
C.die out
D.die down
解析:选D。考查动词短语。“在除夕夜,我们中国人喜欢燃放烟花,鞭炮声就是过了半夜也不会减弱。”
5
come straight to the point 谈正题;开门见山
(回归课本P58)I’ll come straight to the point.
我这就谈正题。
归纳总结
to the point切题,中肯,
off the point偏离要点,离题,
on the point of就要……的时候,
there’s no point(in)doing sth.做某事没有意,
when it comes/came to the point到了关键时刻,到该做决定时
例句探源
①Let’s come straight to the point—when will you pay the money back to me?
我们开门见山地说吧——你什么时候还我钱?
②The letter was short and to the point.
这封信简短而切中主题。
③Your criticism is off the point.
你的批评离题了。
④When it comes to the point,I am prepared to resign over this.
到了关键时刻,我愿为此辞职。
⑤There’s no point in discussing it any further.再议论下去也没多大意义。
即境活用
8.The police have been looking into the case and recent investigations have________how the two men died.
A.thrown light on
B.had an effect on
C.turned a blind eye to
D.come to the point
解析:选A。句意是:警方一直在调查这起案件,最近的调查已经弄清楚了这两个人是如何死的。此句要用throw light on表示“阐明某事,弄清楚……”。B项“对……有影响”;C项“对……视而不见”;D项“谈正题”。
6
due to 由于;因……造成;应给的;即将的;预期做
(回归课本P59)Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of.
一些专家认为这是由这些神话产生的动物造成的。
归纳总结
例句探源
①His illness was due to bad food.
他的病是吃坏了的食物造成的。
②The professor is due to make a speech this Friday.
教授预期在星期五作演讲。
③(牛津P621)Have they been paid the money that is due to them?
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗?
④The train has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
由于一些我们不能控制的情况,这班火车已被取消了。
即境活用
9.Accidents________driving at high speed were very common that weekend.
A.because of
B.owing to
C.thanks to
D.due to
解析:选D。句意“那个周末因高速驾驶而造成的事故很普遍。”
10.The next train to London is________to arrive at 4 o’clock.
A.owing
B.due
C.possible
D.thanks
解析:选B。be due to do“预定要做”。句意“下一趟火车预定四点到达伦敦。”
1【教材原句】 He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.(P52)
他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。
【句法分析】 本句中的to have seen是动词不定式的完成形式,表示动作发生在句子谓语动词claim之前。
不定式的时态有三种:
(1)不定式的一般式:to do。表示与谓语动词同一时间发生或动作发生在谓语动词之后。
(2)不定式的进行式:to be doing。表示与谓语动词同一时间发生,并且动作正在进行。
(3)不定式的完成式:to have done。表示发生在谓语动词之前。
①The teacher seemed to have known about it.老师好像已经知道这件事了。
②I consider it a pity for you not to have attended our party.
我认为你没参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。
③There is said to have been many people waiting to see him when he arrived.(=It’s said that there had been...)
据说他到达的时候已经有很多人在等着见他了。
④They seem/appear to have known the fact.(=It seems/appears that
they have known the fact.)他们好像已经知道了真相。
即境活用
11.To our surprise,the painting considered________should have won the prize.
A.being copied B.having been copied
C.to have copied
D.to have been copied
解析:选D。considered是过去分词作定语修饰the painting。consider后面要求接不定式作宾(主)补,故可排除A和B。the painting和copy之间存在被动的关系,且copy动作发生在consider之前,故答案为D。此句意为“令我们吃惊的是,那幅被认为是抄袭的绘画作品竟获了奖。”
12.AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A.that it is
B.to be
C.that it has been
D.to have been
解析:选D。根据后面的时间状语over the past few years知,此处用完成式。sb.be said to do表示“……据说做某事”的意思。
2【教材原句】 They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.(P52)
他们说,水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。
【句法分析】 (1)本句可以转化为:They say that it is unlikely that the low-temperature lake is able to support such large living creatures.
(2) 本句使用了be unlikely to do sth.这一结构,它的用法等同于be likely to do sth.。主要有下述用法:
主语(具体人/物)+be (un)likely to do sth.
?It(形式主语)+be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主语)+be (un)likely+that-clause
【注意】 likely与unlikely不能用于It’s likely/unlikely for sb.to do sth.,而possible与probable是可以用于It’s possible/probable/impossible for sb.to do sth.。另外,(be)possible与(be)probable的主语不能是具体的某人或某物。
①Look at the clouds!It’s likely to rain.
看那些乌云!天可能要下雨。
②It’s too late.He is unlikely to come.
太晚了。他不可能来了。
③It’s likely that we will beat them since we have practiced a lot.
因为我们做了大量练习,很可能我们会打败他们。
④He is ill seriously so that it’s unlikely that he will attend the party.
他病得很严重所以他不可能参加这个晚会。
即境活用
13.—Did you look up the time of trains to Shanghai?
—Yes,the earliest train is________to leave at 5∶30 a.m..
A.likely B.about
C.possible
D.due
解析:选D。be due to do意为“应该……/预期的”;be about to do不和时间状语连用;possible主语应为it;而likely与句意不符。
14.(高考陕西卷)Studies show that people are more________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A.likely
B.possible
C.probable
D.sure
解析:选A。句意:研究表明如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前,人们的背部很有可能会出现毛病。本题考查表示“可能性”的三个形容词possible,probable,likely在搭配上的区别:
①It is possible/probable/likely that从句;
②It is possible for sb.to do sth.;
③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.;
综上所述,正确答案为A项。