2014届高考英语语法讲解复习教案8

　　2014高考英语宏志优化设计系列语法：牛津译林版专题5（连词和状语从句讲解）

　　语法专题五　连词和状语从句

　　考点一　连词

　　在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子的结构特点，连词通常分为并列连词和从属连词。

　　1．并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为：表并列关系的连词（and，as well as，both...and...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等）、表转折关系的连词（but，yet，however，while，nevertheless等）、表选择关系的连词（or，either...or...，otherwise等）、表因果关系的连词（for，so，therefore等）。

　　—Why do you like staying in Guiyang?

　　—Because the weather there is neither too hot nor too cold.

　　2．引导名词性从句或状语从句的主要有以下从属连词：

　　that，whether，if，as，when，while，till，until，since，after，before，because，though，although，so...that，where等。

　　I arrived after he left.

　　考点二　时间状语从句

　　1．when，while，as都可译为“当……的时候”，但侧重点有所不同。

　　当主句动作是瞬时的，从句动作是延续的时，三者都可以用。

　　as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。

　　while从句的谓语必须是延续的，不能是非延续性动词。

　　She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing，and we felt happy when we got home.

　　我们一边走她一边唱，她唱的时候我认真听。到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。

　　2．until 和not...until

　　until 要与延续性动词连用； not...until 要与非延续性动词连用。

　　He didn't go to bed until his father came back.

　　3．特殊的时间状语从句的引导词

　　1）the moment，the minute， the instant，the second；no sooner...than...；hardly/scarcely...when...等以及表示瞬间的directly，immediately，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...结构中no sooner和hardly/scarcely引导的句子中谓语动词通常用过去完成时，而than和when引导的句子中谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，此外，no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。

　　Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom.

　　Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

　　2）next time，the first time，last time，every time，the spring（summer，autumn，winter）等，这类短语名词直接用作连词引导时间状语从句。

　　Every time I see him he wears a pleasant smile.

　　4．by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时为止”，主句一般用完成时态。

　　By the time he was fourteen，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.（从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时）

　　5．几组固定形式

　　1）It will be＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才……

　　2）It is＋一段时间＋since...自从……以来已有多长时间了。

　　3）be about to do...when...；be doing...when...；on the point of doing...when...It will be two days before he returns.

　　It is three years since I came here.

　　I was doing my homework when my cousin came.

　　考点三　结果状语从句

　　其常用句型：

　　so＋形容词/副词＋that从句

　　so＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句

　　so＋many/much/little（少）/few＋名词＋that从句

　　such ＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句

　　such ＋形容词＋复数可数名词/不可数名词＋that从句

　　He is so young that he can not go to school.

　　It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.

　　考点四　because，since，as和now that

　　1．because为常用词，且说明的是直接原因，并可回答why引导的问句。

　　2．as，since和now that语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然，鉴于”时不可用as替换。

　　I didn't come to school yesterday because I was ill.

　　—Why are you late today?

　　—Because I didn't catch the bus.

　　As it's raining，you'd better take a taxi.

　　Since everybody is here，let's begin.

　　考点五　让步状语从句

　　引导让步状语从句的连词有：though，although，even if/ though，however，no matter how，no matter what，no matter who等。1．though，although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用，但可以同yet（still）连用。

　　Although he is rich，yet he is not happy.

　　2．as/though引导的让步从句时，从句要采用倒装语序。

　　Child as /though he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　Try hard as he will，he never seems to do the work well.

　　Young as/though he is，he is expert in this field.

　　3．whether...or not意为“无论（是否）”。

　　Whether you believe it or not，it is true.

　　4．however＋形容词/副词＝ no matter how＋形容词/ 副词……，意为“无论多么……”。

　　No matter how cold it is，he still works outdoors.

　　5．wh­ever等一系列连词既可引导让步状语从句相当于no matter wh­，也可引导名词性从句。而no matter wh­只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。

　　No matter what happened，he would not mind.＝Whatever happened，he would not mind.

　　考点六　条件状语从句

　　条件状语从句通常分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless/ if...not，as long as/ so long as，as far as/so far as，provided/providing（that），on condition that等。

　　1．条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去式，则为虚拟条件句，那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。

　　If he is not at home，I will come again.

　　If he had listened carefully，he would have done it better.

　　2．unless 相当于if...not，在虚拟条件句中可用if...not，但不能用unless。

　　You will fail unless you study hard. If she were not too silly，she would understand it.

　　考点七　目的状语从句目的状语从句常用的连词（短语）有so that（以便），in order that（以便），lest，in case，for fear that...等。

　　1．so that / in order that 引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can，could等。in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。

　　He spoke loudly so that / in order that all the people could hear him clearly.

　　2．lest，in case，for fear that所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，也可不用虚拟语气。

　　He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.

　　You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.