高三英语备考总复习人教版选修8同步练习：8-3

　　Unit 3　Inventors and inventions

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．It was hard to________(辨别) one twin from the other.

　　2．He ate a light lunch in________(期望)of a good dinner.

　　3．They chatted________(愉快地)．

　　4．In this resort, you can enjoy all the comfort and________(便利) of modern tourism.

　　5．He________(拨) the number and waited.

　　6．Ralph________(轻拍) me on the shoulder.

　　7．This ladder doesn't seem very________(稳固的)．

　　8．The train came to an________(突然的) stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.

　　9．Every________(文件)on the same desk must have a different name.

　　10．The packet of white________(粉末)the police found in his room turned out to be cocaine.

　　答案：1. distinguish 　2. expectation　

　　3. merrily

　　4. convenience 　5. dialled　

　　6. tapped　7. stable

　　8. abrupt　9. file　 10. power

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．The beggar________ ________(把手迅速伸入) his pocket and took out several coins.

　　2．Finally the operator________ ________ ________(给我接通) to Mr. Smith.

　　3．I will________ ________ ________(给你打电话) tomorrow morning.

　　4．The teacher was angry with Tom because he looked out of the window________ ________ ________(时不时地)．

　　5．He________ ________(挂断) before I could ask his name.

　　6．The machine is________ ________ ________(发生故障). I have to have it repaired.

　　7．If you________ ________(稍等) for a while，I will go and see if I can find your mother.

　　8．It seems that he________

　　________(开始)to clean his bedroom.

　　9．It was late in 2008 that he________ ________(开始)shooting the film.

　　10．The boy told his parents that he would go to school but________ ________(事实上) he didn't.

　　答案： 1. dived into 　2. got me through　3. call

　　you up

　　4. now and then　5. rang off　6. out of order　 7. hang on

　　8. sets out　9. set about　10. in truth

　　Ⅲ.单项填空

　　1．—Hello. May I speak to Bill, please?

　　—________.

　　A．Bill speaking

　　B．I'm Bill

　　C．You are speaking to Bill

　　D．I'm speaking

　　答案：A　考查交际用语。由第一句可知，这是电话交际用语，完整正确回答是This is Bill speaking。

　　2．(2011·合肥模拟)Christmas Day is usually celebrated on December 25th ________the birth of Jesus Christ.

　　A．in praise of　B．in honor of

　　C．in terms of

　　D．in association with

　　答案：D　考查介词短语。in praise of“表扬……”；in honour of“为了纪念……”；in terms of“就……而言”；in association with“与……联合”。根据句意选B。

　　3．(2011·台州模拟)A tiny baby soon learns to________its mother's face from other adults' faces.

　　A．disapprove

　　B．distinguish

　　C．disbelieve

　　D．differ

　　答案：B　考查动词。句意：婴儿不久就学会从其他成年人中辨认出他母亲的面庞。

　　4．The car factory has produced a new car of high quality；its only________is that it uses a lot of petrol.

　　A．advantage

　　B．drawback

　　C．mistake

　　D．profit

　　答案：B　考查名词。句意：该汽车制造厂已经生产出一种高性能的车。该车的唯一缺点是耗油大。drawback“缺点，不利条件”。

　　5．Please come and help me with this application form because I don't know how to________it.

　　A．set about

　　B．set out

　　C．set up

　　D．set aside

　　答案：A　set about“着手做某事”；set out“开始，出发”；set up“建立，开业”；set aside“留出，拨出；不顾，不理会；驳回，取消”。

　　6．The lazy boy is expecting a way________he can get through the exams without hard work.

　　A．that B．in that

　　C．which D．where

　　答案：A　考查定语从句。当way作先行词，并在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用that或in which或省略。

　　7．Just then, the young man dived________his pocket and took out a sharp knife.

　　A．on

　　B．into

　　C．for

　　D．in

　　答案：B　考查dive into的用法。句意：就在那时，年轻人迅速把手伸进口袋，拿出一把尖刀。dive into“迅速把手伸入”。

　　8．Believe me; ________women would never make such a stupid decision.

　　A．merciful

　　B．mature

　　C．mean

　　D．innocent

　　答案：B　考查形容词。句意：相信我，稳重的妇女绝不会做出这么愚蠢的决定。mature“稳重的；慎重的，周到的”；merciful“仁慈的，慈悲的，宽容的”；mean“吝啬的，小气的，卑鄙的，心地不好的”； innocent“无辜的”。

　　9．It will be some time________we know the full results.

　　A．if

　　B．since

　　C．when

　　D．before

　　答案：D　考查句式。句意：还要一段时间我们才会知道全部的结果。It will be some time before...“……之后才……”。

　　10．On snowy days, you have to drive very________to avoid traffic accidents.

　　A．cautiously

　　B．neatly

　　C．smoothly

　　D．properly

　　答案：A　考查副词。句意：雪天，你得小心开车以免发生交通事故。cautiously“小心翼翼地”。

　　11．The art show was________being a failure; it was a great success.

　　A．far from

　　B．along with

　　C．next to

　　D．regardless of

　　答案：A　along with“同……一道”；far from表示“距离上的远离；远远不，完全不，决不”。

　　12．With the weather worsening, they have________the flight from London to Beijing.

　　A．called off

　　B．called in

　　C．called out

　　D．called for

　　答案：A　考查动词短语的区别。句意：由于天气越来越坏，他们已经取消了从伦敦到北京的航班。call off“取消(某项活动)”，符合本句语境。call in“请求；收回；召来”；call out“大声喊叫；召集”；call for“需求；要求；去(接)”。故B、C、D三个选项均与语境不符。

　　13．She told her husband that she couldn't________the rest of the housework without his help.

　　A．get over

　　B．get through

　　C．get into

　　D．get off

　　答案：B　句意：她告诉她丈夫没有他的帮助她完不成剩余的家务。get over“克服”；get through“完成”；get into“进入”；get off“下车”。

　　14．If we believe something is good and true we should______to it.

　　A．hold up

　　B．keep on

　　C．hold on

　　D．keep up

　　答案：C　考查动词词组辨析。hold on to sth. 原意为“抓住某物不放”，此处作“坚持下去”讲。hold up“使耽搁，使停顿”；keep on“继续做某事”；keep up“跟上，不落后”，这三项都不与to搭配。

　　15．Our attitude towards life is________makes the difference between our being happy and successful or not.

　　A．that

　　B．what

　　C．which

　　D．whether

　　答案：B　考查名词性从句。 ________makes the difference between our being happy and successful or not是表语从句部分，该部分缺少主语，因此选起双重作用的what。

　　Ⅳ.阅读理解

　　A

　　Abel Janszoon Tasman

　　Abel Tasman was born in a little village in the Netherlands in 1603. Nowadays there is a road in the village named after him and the house where he was believed to live is still a functional farm called“Tasemanheerd”. His first wife was called Claesgie Heyndrix, who he had a daughter with, Claesjen. In December, 1631 he married again, this time with Jannetje(Joanna)Tjaerts, a 21­year­old girl.

　　In 1634, Abel Tasman joined the Dutch East India and he became first mate of the Weesp, one of the company's ships. Later that year he became skipper(船长)on the Mocha.

　　With this ship he patrolled(巡逻)in the ocean. On one of his voyages, three men were killed and after returning to Batavia, Tasman got a new job. He had to transport cargo and booty in the northwest Pacific. A high death toll through diseases was normal and the Dutch ships weren't seaworthy.

　　On one voyage Tasman returned safely after he had lost two of his three ships in a storm. After this voyage Tasman was ordered to explore the southeast in order to find a new sea route to Chile in South America. This voyage to the“Great South Land”(as the Dutch called Australia)made him the famous discovery of Tasmania. At that stage though, Tasman and his crew had no idea that they had made such a significant discovery.

　　In 1644 Abel Tasman became skipper commander and later he became a member of the Council of Justice in Batavia. By 1653 he retired and owned 288 acres of land near Batavia. He died in October, 1659.

　　文章大意：本文主要介绍了荷兰航海家Abel Tasman的生平以及他一生中最重要的发现—Tasmania。

　　1．From the first paragraph, we can see that________.

　　A．in a village in the Netherlands, people have built a farm in memory of Abel Tasman

　　B．his second wife was about seven years younger than him

　　C．Abel Tasman married again after his first wife died of a disease

　　D．Abel Tasman was born in a big city in the Netherlands

　　答案：B　细节理解题。Abel Tasman 1631年再婚(当年他28岁)，而他第二个妻子当时只有21岁，也就是他比第二个妻子大约7岁，故选择B。由第一段可知，人们修建了一条路，以他的名字命名，而不是修建了一个农场，故A项错；他第一个妻子如何去世在第一段中没有提及，故排除C项；由第一段首句可知D项错。

　　2．What is the right order of the jobs in Abel Tasman's life?

　　a．He became skipper on the Mocha.

　　b．He became a member of the Council of Justice in Batavia.

　　c．He became first mate of the Weesp.

　　d．He became skipper commander.

　　A．c—a—d—b

　　B．c—d—b—a

　　C．d—b—c—a

　　D．a—c—d—b

　　答案：A　排序题。本题可根据时间来排序。1634年他成为Weesp船的大副，故c为第一个，以下依次为：a(1634年晚些时候)，d(1644年)，b(1644年以后)。

　　3．What does the underlined word“booty”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

　　A．战利品

　　B．奖金

　　C．马靴

　　D．奖励

　　答案：A　词义猜测题。“booty”与“cargo”并列，由此可判断booty应是能在船上运输的东西，故排除D。上段提到Abel Tasman joined the Dutch East India(东印度公司)，根据常识可判断，他只得利用船只运输货物以及“战利品/掠夺品”。

　　4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．In his time, the Dutch ships were very strong and could fight against the storm.

　　B．Later in 1634, Abel Tasman joined the Dutch East India.

　　C．The discovery of Tasmania was his main achievement in his life.

　　D．Great South Land was also called“Australia”in England.

　　答案：C　细节判断题。由第三段最后一句中的“the Dutch ships weren't seaworthy”可知，当时荷兰的船只并非很结实，故A错；由第二段可知，他加入东印度公司是1634年早些时候，不是1634年晚些时候，故B错；由倒数第二段可知，发现Tasmania是他一生中最重要的成就，再结合开头的表格可知C对；由倒数第二段括号中的as the Dutch called Australia可知D错。

　　5．When did Abel Tasman enter the Council of Justice in Batavia?

　　A．In 1644.

　　B．After 1644.

　　C．By 1653.

　　D．Around 1659.

　　答案：B　时间推算题。由最后一段可知，Abel Tasman于1644年成为skipper commander，这以后他又成为Batavia司法部的一名成员，故B项正确。

　　B

　　It is important to get the right boiler for the size of our house.

　　Having a large boiler in a small house is a waste, but if you have a large house with a small boiler you'll be left lacking warmth.

　　British Gas has developed a new boiler, the 330＋domestic(家用的) central heating boiler, which could provide the perfect way for you to change situation. An experienced engineer can adjust the 330＋'s output from 9kW to 30kW. This means the amount of heat the boiler is producing can be adjusted in line with the size of your house.

　　So, while you still have just two bedrooms, you could keep it on a fairly low setting, having this increased as you make your house larger to four (or even more) bedrooms. Whatever your future needs, the 330＋ can keep up with you, preventing you from having to deal with the trouble and cost of having a new, larger boiler fixed at a later date.

　　In addition, the 330＋ is very easy to keep in good condition and fix. Its digital indicator provides advanced and accurate diagnoses(诊断) of any problems. This information will enable you to have any problems speedily settled.

　　If you also find it difficult to work out exactly how much gas you are consuming on a daily basis, the 330＋ can help you see immediately if you are consuming a low, medium or high amount of gas.

　　An independent research has shown that this level of customer awareness can reduce energy consumption by as much as 10%, so you'll be doing your bit for the environment as well. And as the 330＋ is produced in Britain, transportation is least possible, providing even greater savings for the environment.

　　For further information visit britishgas. co. uk/chi

　　What do you think? Have your say at guardian. co. uk/british- gasgreenerliving.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇广告。介绍了最新的一款产品The 330＋锅炉，它可以随住房面积调节功率；运行良好好安装；节能又环保。

　　6．The greatest advantage of the new product is that________.

　　A．it can prevent you from buying a new, larger boiler

　　B．it can be used both at home and in big companies

　　C．it can be adjusted according to the size of your house

　　D．anyone can adjust the amount of the heat it produces

　　答案：C　推理判断题。文章前四段介绍的是该锅炉的第一项优点，即它可根据你的住房面积来调整，由顺序和篇幅可推知，C项是其最大的优点。

　　7．According to the passage, the digital indicator can________.

　　A．be repaired quite easily

　　B．be kept in good condition

　　C．detect the problems of the boiler

　　D．help you settle problems by yourself

　　答案：C　细节理解题。由第五段后两句话“Its digital indicator provides advanced and accurate diagnoses(诊断) of any problems. This information will enable you to have any problems speedily settled.”可知，该数字指示器可使用户快速排除故障。

　　8．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．If you use 330＋ heating boiler, you may save 20% of gas.

　　B．The cost of transportation may be reduced if you have 330＋.

　　C．An experienced engineer will keep the boiler on a low setting.

　　D．The 330＋ boiler can tell you the amount of gas used every day.

　　答案：D　细节理解题。由第六段可知，D项正确。其他三项都不对。

　　9．Some of the readers will probably________.

　　A．know the amount of gas they are using every day

　　B．reduce energy consumption to protect the environment

　　C．get further information from guardian. co. uk/britishgasgreenerliving

　　D．try the newly­developed 330＋ domestic central heating boiler

　　答案：D　推理判断题。全文介绍了最新的一款产品The 330＋boiler，它可以随住房面积调节功率；运行良好好安装；节能又环保。看完该产品的介绍，读者们会怦然心动，想试一试。