2017届高考英语二轮复习考点讲义：阅读理解-历史

　　阅读理解 历史

　　链接1. （2017全国卷2）

　　ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia – One of the world’s most famous fossils (化石) – the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 – will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.

　　Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.

　　“Ethiopia’s rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.

　　The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.

　　Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils. played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).

　　53. The author writes this text mainly to ___ .

　　A. introduce a few U.S. museums

　　B. describe some research work

　　C. discuss the value of an ape-man

　　D. report a coming event

　　54. What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A. A painting of the skeleton. B. A photograph of Lucy

　　C. A copy of the skeleton. D. A written record of Lucy.

　　55. How many cities has Lucy’s U.S. tour plan already included?

　　A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Eleven.

　　56. What was the skeleton named after?

　　A. An ape-man. B. A song. C. A singer. D. A camp.

　　【考点】热点话题

　　【试题解析】本文是一篇资讯报道，讲述时类人猿化石将进行巡回展出。所以选择D。

　　【难度】一般

　　54.【答案】C

　　【试题解析】猜测词义题。The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.。中的while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.。然而真品仍锁在秘密的仓库里，所以猜测a replica词义为赝品、复制品。

　　【难度】一般

　　【长难句解析】

　　The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.。while表示对比。

　　55.【答案】B

　　【试题解析】由第二段最后一句which will start in Houston next September.和第四段第一句The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago.可知答案为B。

　　【难度】一般

　　56.【答案】B

　　【试题解析】最后一段的 her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, 可知选B。

　　【难度】较易

　　链接2. （2017辽宁卷）

　　Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

　　As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

　　64.

　　The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________

　　A. .

　　provide some key facts about Confucius

　　B.

　　attract the readers’ interest in the subject

　　C.

　　show great respect for the ancient thinker

　　D.

　　prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

　　65.

　　We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______

　　A.

　　have a great interest in studying Chinese

　　B.

　　take an active part in Chinese competitions

　　C.

　　try to get high scores in Chinese exams

　　D.

　　fight for a chance to learn Chinese

　　66. What is the best title for the passge?

　　A.

　　Forgotten Wisdom in America

　　B.

　　Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

　　C.

　　Chinese Culture for Westerners

　　D.

　　Old Thinker with a Big Future

　　67. The passage is likely to appear in ___________.

　　A.

　　a biography

　　B.

　　a history paper

　　C.

　　a newspaper

　　D.

　　a philosophy textbook

　　【考点】日常生活类—记叙文

　　【文章大意】本文—孔子的思想仍然受到人们的追捧。

　　【难度】中等

　　66.【答案】D

　　【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍了孔子思想对西方的影响，以用将来可能产生的影响，所以选D。

　　【难度】一般

　　67.【答案】C

　　【试题解析】文章出处题。本文向我们介绍了孔子思想对西方的影响，以用将来可能产生的影响，应该是出自报纸，所以选C。

　　【难度】一般

　　链接3 （2017广东卷）

　　“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.

　　“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.

　　The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”

　　The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.

　　Although the use of expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a stranger and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

　　26. How does the author understand Maxie’s word?

　　A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.

　　B. Maxie really wished the author a good day.

　　C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.

　　D. Maxie really worries about the author’s security.

　　27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A. The salesgirl is rude.

　　B. The salesgirl is bored.

　　C. The salesgirl cares about me.

　　D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine.

　　28. By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may ________.

　　A. try to be polite to you

　　B. express respect to you

　　C. give his blessing to you

　　D. share his pleasure with you

　　29. According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day” ________.

　　A. sincerely

　　B. as thanks

　　C. as a habit

　　D. encouragingly

　　30. What is the best title of the passage?

　　A. Have a nice day – a Social Custom

　　B. Have a nice day – a Pleasant Gesture

　　C. Have a nice day – a Heart-warming Greeting

　　D. Have a nice day – a Polite Ending of a Conversation

　　46-50 FACBE

　　【考点】风俗习惯类—说明文

　　【文章大意】在日常生活中，“have a nice day”这一习惯在不同的场合有不同的理解。

　　26.【考点】细节理解题

　　【答案】D

　　【试题解析】根据文章的第一段最后两句可知，特别是“…cares about me and wishes me well”等字眼。

　　27.【考点】词义猜测题

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】根据划线后面的“obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business”可推知售货员说的商业礼貌用语，故选D项。

　　【难度】一般

　　28.【考点】细节理解题

　　·专项训练The battle outside Troy lasted for ten years. The men were fed up and wanted to return to their homes. Athene, goddess of war gave Ulysses the idea for a plan to end the war. They built a big wooden horse which they put in the middle of their encampment (营地).Next they pretended to give up their camp. In reality many soldiers hid inside the wooden horse.

　　Once they thought the camp had been abandoned the Trojans went out to check. They needed to know if the war was really over. They walked through the abandoned encampment and eventually found the wooden horse. They could not decide what it was .③Some wanted to take it stolen away

　　2. What does the underlined phrase “(be)fed up” probably mean?

　　A. very bored

　　B. very happy

　　C. very sad

　　D. very interested

　　3. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?

　　A. The battle outside Troy lasted for ten years.

　　B .It was Ulysses that thought up the idea for a plan to end the war.

　　C. The Trojans fell into a trap set by Ulysses and all of his men.

　　D. The Greek warriors saved Queen Helen and head home successfully.

　　4. What can we learn from the story?

　　A. Keep a clear brain or you’ll be cheated by something pretending.

　　B. Failure is a common thing in the war.

　　C. Strategy(策略）is not an important factor in the war.

　　D. Victory cannot be gained by cheat and pretence.

　　5. Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?

　　A. The Trojan Horse

　　B.A Smart Plan C. The Trojan War

　　D. Rescuing Queen Helen

　　B

　　The flag, the most common symbol of a nation in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. ④With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.

　　The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive(原始的)artifact. It israther, the product of thousands of years' development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.

　　Early human beings used very fragile（易碎的） houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers .People's food supplies were similarly vulnerable（易受攻击的）. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.

　　Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connection 1 .The best title for the passage would be______.

　　A. Power of the National Flag

　　B. Uses of Flag C. Types of Flags D. Development of the National Flag

　　2.

　　The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 means_____

　　A. impossible to make sure of

　　B. difficult to find C. likely to be protected

　　D. easy to damage

　　3.

　　The earliest flags were connected with heavenly power because______

　　A. they were believed to stand for natural forces

　　B. they could bring good luck to fighters

　　C. they were handed down by the ancestor

　　D. they could tell wind direction

　　4. What does the author know of the first national flag?

　　A. He thinks it came from

　　B. He believes it was made in Egypt

　　C. He doubts where it started.

　　D. He knows when it was sent to Europe

　　5.

　　What was the author most probably talk about next?

　　A. The role of China in the spread of the national flag.

　　B. The second ancestor of the national flag

　　C. The use of modern flags in Europe

　　D. The importance of modern flags C

　　Five thousand years ago, people thought that illnesses were the result of evil living in human bodies. They also believed that gods and superior spirits were punishing people through diseases. The practice of magic and witchcraft (巫术) was popular among many tribes, and charms (符咒) and images of gods to drive away the evil spirits were often used.

　　People also started using herbal medicine (草药) and by trial and error learned how to cure stomachaches and fevers. They had a witch doctor in the community. He would treat people with simple herbal medicine and magic. Early medicine was practiced the way north tribal Indians did hundreds of years ago and the way some tribes practice it today.

　　⑤The ancient Chinese believed that the body was ruled by two forces, which they called “yin” and “yang”. The body would become ill if one force overcame the other and the balance between them was altered. Acupuncture (针刺疗法) was the way to bring back the balance between the two.

　　Also sandpainting was an important part of Navaho medicine. The medicine man paints loosely upon the floor of an earth-covered house, where the ceremony takes place, or on a buckskin (鹿皮) or a piece of cloth, by letting the colored sands flow through his fingers with control and skill.

　　Ancient Mesopotamians believed that diseases come either from an evil spirit or a physical problem, such as worms. The doctor would decide from which source the illness has come from and send the patient either to a herbalist or to a witch doctor.

　　Egyptians had a very advanced medicine. They would sometimes rely on the god’s power to receive healing, but they also treated illnesses and operated on minor health problems like snake bites. They sucked the blood from the wound and bound the affected limb to stop the poison from spreading. 1. The practice of magic and witchcraft was popular in ancient times because     .  A. people could avoid being punished by gods and superior spirits by doing this B. people thought they could avoid getting diseases in this way C. people believed the evil spirits could be driven away in this way D. people often got diseases and this way was very effective 2. How many places are mentioned where early medicine existed in the passage?   A. Three.     B. Four.      C. Five.      D. Six. 3. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.   A. people can cure lots of diseases by combining herbal medicine and magic B. herbal medicine is so effective that it can cure all kinds of diseases C. witch doctors treated people only with herbal medicine D. people tried lots of times to cure illnesses with herbal medicine 4. Ancient Chinese people believed that ________.   A. diseases were the result of evil living in human bodies   B. people would fall ill if the balance in human bodies was disturbed   C. a medicine man could cure people’s diseases by sandpainting   D. diseases not only came from evil spirits but also were physical problems 5. The passage mainly tells us ________.   A. why ancient people became ill   B. about the most advanced medicine in ancient times   C. about the development of herbal medicine   D. how ancient people cured their diseases ·答案速递

　　A篇：1. D 。细节理解题。由第一段“The Greek warriors set sail for Troy to fight for their queen.”可知答案。2. A。推测短语含义题。由第一句“The battle outside Troy lasted for ten years.”和后半句“and wanted to return to their homes”可知(be)fed up的意思为“厌烦，疲惫”。

　　3. B。正误判断题。由第二段“Athene, goddess of war gave Ulysses the idea for a plan to end the war.”可知是在智慧女神Athene的启示下，Ulysses想出了这一妙计，故B项表述错误，其他三项文中都有依据。

　　4. A。推理判断题。通读全文可知，特洛伊人之所以失败是因为他们中了希腊人的木马计，在对方佯装失败面前冲昏头脑，没人认真分析战况。有道是：兵不厌诈。我们要时刻保持清醒的头脑。

　　5. A。 归纳文章标题。全篇围绕着“特洛伊木马”展开，特洛伊人采用木马计，打败了希腊人，“木马”在这次战争中起着至关重要的作用，故答案为A。

　　B篇：本文介绍了作为国家象征的国旗的发展史。

　　1.D 主旨归纳题。第二段第二句及第五段首句等都说明本文是介绍国旗发展史的。

　　3. D。根据第二段People also started using herbal medicine and by trial and error learned how to cure stomachaches and fevers可知，为了治胃痛和发烧，人们尝试了很多次，故答案为D。 . B。根据第三段The body would become ill if one force would overcome the other and the balance would be altered可知，答案为B。 . D。全文谈论了古代各地人们的治病方法，因此D项概括了全文内容。黄金表达①He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some bad more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. 他认为人生来是平等的，尽管某些人要比别人有潜力，并且使人和人成为不同的就是知识。

　　②All we assume is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things ,so that they could talk with each other .我们所有的推断就是早起的人类发明了某种声音，在这么一两种方式内，来表达他们的情感，行为和事情，于是他们就能够彼此交谈了。

　　③Some wanted to take it into the city, others thought that it was a gift to Zeus and feared touching or moving it in case they upset Zeus. 有些特洛伊人想把木马带入城中，另外一些人认为它是给宙斯的一件礼物，不敢触摸和移动它，生怕万一引起宙斯震怒。

　　④With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country. 由于带有明显的象征意义，传统形状的旗帜今天仍然用在与国家有关的交通工具身上，以此来进行标志。

　　⑤The ancient Chinese believed that the body was ruled by two forces, which they called “yin” and “yang”.古代的中国人认为身体是由他们称为的“阴”和“阳”两股力量控制着。

　　·单词百宝箱

　　contact n.接触, 联系

　　The young man came into contact with new ideas at college. 这个年轻人在大学里接触到了新思想。

　　assume vt.想象，认为

　　He's not such a fool as you assumed him to be. 他并非你所以为的那样愚蠢。

　　association n.联合，结交，关系

　　I benefited much from my association with him. 我和他结交受益非浅。

　　abandoned adj. 废弃的

　　There are many abandoned farms in the new desert here and there .在整个新的沙漠沙漠里，到处