高三英语备考总复习课件人教版:专项语法7-情态动词 102张-查字典英语网
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高三英语备考总复习课件人教版:专项语法7-情态动词 102张

发布时间:2017-02-22  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  必 修 4

  Units 1~

  专项语法七 情态动词

  要点精析

  一、can和could的用法

  1.表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。

  How could you do such a silly thing?

  你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?

  2.表示可能性,意为“可能,有时会”。can和could没有时态的差异,只是could不太肯定。

  Jogging can be harmful to the health.

  慢跑也可能会对健康有害。

  Accidents can/could happen on such rainy days.

  这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性)

  例 (2010·广西南宁地区联考)Nowadays, a graduate with a master's degree________fail to find a high­paid job, which discourages a lot of college students.

  A.shall

  B.can

  C.will

  D.must

  解析:考查情态动词。这里用can表示“有时会,可能会”。句意:如今有硕士学位的毕业生也可能找不到高薪工作……。

  答案:B

  3.can用于否定句,意为“应该不是,不可能”。

  I think it's all right. She can't make a mistake.

  我想应该没事,她不可能犯错误。

  The story can't be true.

  这个故事不可能是真的。

  例 (2011·江西,23)It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.

  A.mustn't

  B.can't

  C.won't

  D.needn't

  答案:B 本题考查情态动词。句意:不可能是邮递员在门口。才六点钟。mustn't“禁止,不许”;can't“不可能”;won't“将不”;needn't“不必”。此处表示个人的主观推测,用can,can表示个人主观推测常用于疑问句和否定句。

  4.cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好”。

  You can't be too careful while driving.

  开车时越小心越好。

  You cannot remember enough English words.

  你记的英语单词越多越好。

  5.cannot but+do sth. 表示“不得不,只好”。

  I couldn't but choose to go.

  我只好去。

  二、may和might的用法

  may和might表示“许可”“可能性”“祝愿”等意义。

  1.表示许可

  两者都可以表示允许某人做某事,也可以征求对方的许可,还可以表示“法律,条文”的许可。

  (1)在向对方请求许可时,两者没有时间之分,只是might语气更委婉。

  May I come in?

  我可以进来吗?

  Might I borrow your computer?

  我可以借一下你的电脑吗?

  (2)在给予别人许可时,常用can,但有时也用may。不能用might。

  —May I play basketball this afternoon?

  今天下午我可以打篮球吗?

  —No, you may not.

  不,不行。

  (3)机关、学校等的文书、公告里用的“不得……;禁止”,要用may not或mustn't。

  You mustn't smoke in the classroom.

  教室内禁止吸烟。

  2.表示可能性

  may和might表示可能性时,可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。

  Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn't sure yet.

  彼得今晚可能和我们一起来,但他还没确定。(实际可能性,不用can)

  He might be studying in the classroom.

  他可能正在教室里学习。

  例 (2009·辽宁)The traffic is heavy these days. I________arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?

  A.can

  B.must

  C.need

  D.might

  解析:句意:最近这些天交通拥挤。我有可能迟到一会儿,因此请你给我留个位子好吗?might表示可能性,往往指较小的可能性,符合句意。can“能,会”;must“必须,一定”;need“需要”。

  答案:D

  3.“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”。

  You may as well do it at once.

  你最好马上就做这件事。

  We may as well stay where we are.

  我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。

  4.may作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用“mustn't”表示“禁止”;must作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“needn't”,表示“不必”。

  —May I use your car?

  我可以用你的车吗?

  —No, you mustn't.(委婉的拒绝可用:Sorry, but I am using it now. 或You'd better not.等)不,你不可以用。

  —Must I work out the problem tonight?

  我今晚必须解出这道题吗?

  —No, you needn't. 不,没必要。

  三、must的用法

  1.表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志)

  We must do everything step by step.

  我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。

  在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,have to自身有时态的变化形式。

  I have to go now for I've got a meeting 15 minutes later.

  我现在必须要走了,因为我15分钟后有个会要开。

  注意:回答以must引导的问句时,若是否定回答。不可以用mustn't而需要用needn't或don't have to,因为mustn't意思是“绝不能,一定不要”。

  —Must we hand in our exercises today?

  我们今天必须交作业吗?

  —Yes, you must./—No, you needn't(you don't have to).

  是的,必须交。/不,不必今天交。

  例 (2011·福建,25)—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

  —I am afraid you______,in case he comes late for the meeting.

  A.will

  B.must

  C.may

  D.can

  解析:本题考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:——我现在就告诉他时间安排的变化吗?——恐怕你必须告诉他,以防他开会迟到。will用作情态动词,表意愿,意为“愿意”;must“必须”,语气较强;may“可以,或许”;can“能,能够”。由语境可知,此处语气较强,意为“必须现在告诉他”故用must。

  答案:B

  2.表示猜测、推测

  must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have+过去分词。

  He must be ill. He looks so pale.

  他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。

  I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

  我没听见电话铃响。当时我一定睡着了。(表肯定)

  例 (2009·上海)It________have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.

  A.may

  B.can

  C.must

  D.should

  解析:句意:一定是汤姆把车停在这里的,因为只有他有车。此句为强调句型,谓语动词为must have been,用must表示语气肯定的推测。

  答案:C

  3.表示禁止(用于否定句)

  Smoking must not be allowed in the office.

  严禁在办公室吸烟。

  4.表示“偏执”“固执”

  Must you make so much noise?

  你非得弄出这么大声吗?

  例 (2011·全国Ⅱ,8)If you________smoke, please go outside.

  A. can

  B. should

  C. must

  D. may

  解析:句意:如果你一定要吸烟,请到外面去。if you must do sth.“如果你一定要做某事”(表示虽不赞同,但允许),为习惯用语。

  答案:C

  四、shall的用法

  1.用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。

  Shall we begin our class?

  我们可以开始上课吗?

  Shall the driver wait outside?

  司机在外边等着可以吗?

  When shall my father be able to leave hospital?

  我父亲什么时候可以出院?

  例 (2010·青岛一模)—Has Mr. Tom White arrived?

  —Yes, already.________he wait outside or just come in?

  A.Shall

  B.May

  C.Could

  D.Must

  解析:考查情态动词的用法。shall用在疑问句中常用来表示征求对方的意见或请求允许。此处意为“他是进来还是在外面等?”。

  答案:A

  2.用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

  I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.

  我许诺给他一件生日礼物。

  You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.

  假如你做那种事,我就不支持你。

  例 (2011·陕西,24)—Will you read me a story, Mummy?

  —OK.You________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

  A. might

  B. must

  C. could

  D. shall

  解析:考查情态动词。句意:——妈妈,可以给我讲个故事吗?——好啊,如果你尽快上床去睡觉,你就会听到的。此处shall用于第二人称的陈述句,表示“允诺”,其他三项无此用法。

  答案:D

  五、will和would的用法

  作情态动词的will, would与作助动词的will, would的各种形式相同。

  1.表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。

  —Can someone fetch some water?

  谁能去取点水来?

  —I will.我去。

  2.与you连用表示请求或要求,用won't you强调邀请的语气。would比will更客气、委婉。

  Would you mind opening the window for me?

  请你给我打开窗户好吗?

  3.will表示规律性的“注定会”。

  You will regret forever if you lose the chance.

  如果失去这个机会你会后悔一辈子的。

  六、need和dare的用法

  need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句;用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。

  1.用作情态动词

  —Need I come?

  我需要来吗?

  —Yes, you must.

  是的,一定要来。

  You needn't telephone him now.

  你现在不必打电话给他。

  She dare not go out alone at night.

  她晚上不敢一个人出去。

  2.用作实义动词

  We need to tell them the news.

  我们需要把这消息告诉他们。

  The table needs painting(to be painted).

  桌子需要油漆一下。

  We should dare to give our own opinion.

  我们要敢于提出自己的观点。

  He did not dare to look up.

  他不敢抬头看。

  七、used to和would

  1.表示过去重复、习惯性动作时,used to可用would代替。

  He would sit at the door waiting for his son coming back.

  他老是坐在门口等儿子回来。

  2.used to强调过去与现在对比,would则不。

  He used to get up early.

  他以前常常起得很早。(他现在不早起了)

  3.表示过去的状态,只能用used to,不可以用would。

  There used to be a tree in my yard.

  以前,我家院里有一棵树。

  八、could/might/would/should表委婉的功能

  —Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning?

  —Yes, you can/may.(否定:No, I'm afraid not.)

  不可说:Yes, you could/might.回答允许时,用could/ might表委婉是不恰当的。

  —Could I borrow your dictionary?

  我能借你的词典吗?

  —Yes, of course you can.

  是的,当然可以。

  Would you do me a favor?

  请帮我一下,好吗?

  九、“情态动词+have done”用法

  1.must have done

  此结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测,意为“一定,肯定”。其否定或疑问形式用can't,而不用mustn't。

  He must have been drunk to say that.

  他准是喝醉了才那样说的。

  例 (2010·浙江余姚中学月考)—Everyone in my class passed the exam.

  —Oh, really? It________difficult.

  A.can't have been

  B.needn't have been

  C.must be

  D.mightn't be

  解析:考查情态动词。对过去进行推测,表示“一定不”应使用can't have done。句意:——我们班上每个人都通过了考试。——哦,真的吗?那题目一定不难。

  答案:A

  2.should have done

  表示本应该做而实际上没有做,其否定式“shouldn't have done”表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。

  I think he should have tried to get some more qualifications before applying for the job.

  我认为他在申请这份工作之前应首先努力取得更多的资格证明。

  3.could have done

  肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做某事,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。

  You could have told me you were going to be late.

  你本可以早告诉我你会晚到的。

  例 (2009·江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently.

  A.could express

  B.would express

  C.could have expressed

  D.must have expressed

  解析:句意:他不后悔说了他做了什么,而认为他本能够用不同的方式表达。could express“能够表达”;would express“要表达”;could have expressed“本来能够表达”;must have expressed“(表推测)肯定已经表达”。

  答案:C

  4.may(might)have done

  表示对过去(将来)发生的行为的推测,表示可能干了某事。

  Who knows what will happen? You may even have married by then.

  谁知道会发生什么呢?到那时你甚至可能已经结婚了。

  5.ought to have done

  表示过去应做某事而实际未做,其否定式是“ought not to+have done”,此时ought to可与should换用。

  You ought to have returned the book last week.

  你本该上周还那本书的。

  6.needn't have done

  表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。

  Terence has done so little work; he needn't have bothered to come to school today.

  特伦斯几乎没做什么功课,他今天其实就不用来学校。

  运用提升

  1.(2011·北京,24)—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?

  —Don't worry. He

  ________ come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.

  A. must not

  B. need not

  C. would not

  D. might not

  答案:D 本题考查情态动词。句意:——我实在不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他呢?——不用担心。他可能不来。他说他不确定他有什么计划。must not“禁止,不许”;need not“不必”;would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,would not“过去不”;might not“可能不”。此处表示将来的动作,故用might 表委婉的推测。

  2.(2011·浙江,11)—How's your new babysitter?

  —We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

  A.should

  B.might

  C.mustn't

  D.couldn't

  答案:D 考查情态动词。句意:——你家新来照看孩子的人怎么样?——我们找了一个再好不过的了。我家孩子都很喜欢她。should“应该”;might“或许”;mustn't“不可以”,表示禁止;couldn't“不可能”。“couldn't/can't+比较级”表示最高级意思,意为“再……不过了”。

  3.(2011·湖南,28)—No one

  ________ be compared

  with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

  —Oh, you are really his big fan.

  A.can

  B.need

  C.must

  D.might

  答案:A 本题考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用。句意:——在打篮球方面,没有人能够与姚明相比。——哦,你真是他的球迷。can“能够”;need“需要”;must“必须”;might“也许”。由句意可知A项正确。

  4.(2011·辽宁,21)If you______go, at least wait until the storm is over.

  A.can B.may

  C.must 

  D.will

  答案:C 本题考查情态动词。句意:如果你一定要走,至少要等到暴风雨结束。can“可能”;may“可以”;must“必须”;will“将要”。根据句意,C项正确。

  5.(2011·重庆,25)—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?

  —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.

  A.could

  B.might

  C.would

  D.should

  答案:C 本题考查情态动词。句意:——昨天晚上你为什么没有参加西门的聚会?——我想去,只是我妈妈不愿意让我晚上那么晚出去。would此处表示意愿,符合题意。could“可能”;might“可能,可以”;should“应当”。

  6.(2011·四川,20)The police still haven't found the lost child,but they're doing all they ________.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.should

  答案:A 本题考查情态动词。句意:警察还是没有找到那个走失的孩子,但是他们在尽最大努力。can表示能力,意为:能够。all they can同 all that they can do。

  7.(2011·海淀第二学期期末,24)—Jack, ________ you behave yourself? You're no longer a kid.

  —Sorry, Daddy. It won't happen again.

  A.mustn't

  B.can't

  C.should

  D.would

  答案:B 句意:——Jack,难道你不能注意自己的行为举止吗?你已经不再是个孩子了。——对不起,爸爸,这种事情再也不会发生了。考查情态动词。can't“不能”,在此构成否定式问句,表示一种较强烈的语气。

  8.(2011·海淀期中,27)—Will my son be all right soon, doctor?

  —Well, he ________ be, if he takes these tablets.

  A.may 

  B.must 

  C.should 

  D.can

  答案:C 句意:——医生,我儿子是不是很快就会好?——哦,如果他吃了这些药,按理说应该会的。all right“安全的,(健康)良好的”。如:She was ill for a month, but she's all right now.她病了一个月,但现在好了。考查情态动词。should“按理说应该”,符合语境。易错选B。must“一定、肯定”,语气太过肯定,从常识可知不符合医生说话的语气。

  9.(2011·东城练习二,25)He has no idea what the book is about. He ________ have read it very carefully.

  A.needn't

  B.shouldn't

  C.can't D.mustn't

  答案:C 句意:他对这本书的内容一无所知,他不可能仔细读过它。考查情态动词的推测性用法。can表推测常用在否定句和疑问句中,must常用在肯定句中表推测。

  10.(2011·西城二模,34)Lifting off at sunrise, the hot air balloon goes wherever the wind ________ blow.

  A.may

  B.must

  C.need D.should

  答案:A 句意:那个热气球日出时分升空,向风可能刮的方向飞行。考查情态动词的推测性用法。may表示的只是一种客观上的可能性,符合语境。should“应该”;must “一定”;need“需要”。

  11.(2011·江西八校联考,32)If you write something and send it immediately by e­mail, which you ________ later regret, there is no chance for second thoughts.

  A.would

  B.should

  C.have to

  D.might

  答案:D 句意:如果你写了你可能以后后悔的某事并立即用电子邮件发了出去,就没有给你三思的机会了。考查情态动词。which引导的定语从句修饰先行词something,从句意为:你之后可能(might)后悔的,而不是会(would)、应该(should)或一定/必须(have to)后悔。

  12.(2011·南京二模,25)—I wonder if I can board the plane with this return ticket.

  —There ________ be no problem. Your ticket is valid until the end of this month.

  A.must 

  B.shall 

  C.should 

  D.might

  答案:C 句意:——我不知道我能不能凭这张往返机票登上这架飞机。——应该没有问题的,你的票有效期到本月末。考查情态动词。should“按理说应该”,合乎语境。在此处体现出说话人委婉的、不肯定的语气。

  13.(2011·天津十二区县联考一,10)If you want to book tickets for the 2017 Olympic Games, just call 00952017. It ________ be simpler.

  A.mustn't

  B.won't

  C.needn't

  D.couldn't

  答案:D 句意:如果你想预订2017奥运会的票,就拨打00952017。再简单不过了。考查情态动词。couldn't be simpler “不(可)能更简单了,再简单不过了”,否定意义的词和比较级连用表最高级,符合语境。mustn't“禁止,千万不能”; won't=will not“将不会”;needn't“不必”。

  14.(2011·重庆二诊,30)—Apologize! For what? He's the one who lied to us.

  —Well, you ________ your temper. He is a kid after all.

  A.shouldn't have lost

  B.couldn't have lost

  C.mightn't have lost

  D.mustn't have lost

  答案:A 句意:——道歉!为什么?他就是那个对我们说谎的人。——哦,你当时本不应该发脾气,他毕竟还是个孩子。考查情态动词的用法。语境为“你当时本不应该发脾气,但是你发脾气了”,故选A。

  15.(2011·东北三省四市联考,29)—Amazing! You ___ ___ wear slippers at work.

  —Don't you know it's a fashion?

  A.might 

  B.should

  C.could

  D.would

  答案:B 句意:——真惊人!你居然工作时穿着拖鞋。——难道你不知道这是一种时尚吗?考查情态动词。should表惊讶“居然,竟然”,符合语意。

  16.(2011·东北三校二模,31)—Why didn't you stop Mary cheating in the final exam?

  —But what ________ otherwise? She just sticks with Alex and turns a deaf ear to my advice.

  A.could I do

  B.must I have done

  C.could I have done

  D.should I do

  答案:C 句意:——为什么你不阻止Mary在期末考试中作弊?——但是我还能做什么呢?她只听Alex的话,对我的建议充耳不闻。考查情态动词的推测性用法。由didn't可知是对过去的推测,又因为是疑问句,所以选C。must表推测只用于肯定句,故排除B。stick with“继续倾听……的话,保持联系”。

  17.(2011·沈阳二模,13)—Must I go to the gym three times a week?

  —No, you ________. Twice a week is OK.

  A.mustn't

  B.needn't

  C.can't

  D.shouldn't

  答案:B 句意:——我必须每周去体育馆三次吗?——不,不必。每周两次就行了。考查情态动词的否定式的意义和区别。needn't“不必”符合语境和逻辑。mustn't“禁止,千万不能”;can't“不能,不可能”;shouldn't“不应该”。

  18.(2011·石家庄二模,16)—When ________ he know the result of today's job interview?

  —In a couple of days.

  A.should

  B.may

  C.shall

  D.must

  答案:C 句意:——他何时能知道今天面试的结果?——几天后。考查情态动词。此处shall和第三人称连用,表示征求对方意见,含有由对方做主的意味。

  19.(2011·太原基础知识测试,26)The weather turned out to be fine. I ________ the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.

  A.should have taken

  B.needn't have taken

  C.mustn't have taken

  D.could have taken

  答案:B 句意:天气居然转晴了,我本不必麻烦随身带着这把伞。考查情态动词的推测性用法。needn't have v.­ed“本不必做某事但是做了”。

  20.(2011·河南示范高中适应性测试,29)—This dish is really delicious. ________ you please say it in Chinese?

  —Sure, we call it “doufu”.

  A.Might

  B.Could

  C.Shall

  D.May

  答案:B 句意:——这道菜确实很好吃,你能用汉语说出它的名字吗?——当然可以,我们叫它“豆腐”。考查情态动词。表示请求对方,可用could,也可用shall,但是shall只能用于第一人称。故选B。易错选C。忽略shall表示请求时,只能用于第一人称而造成误选。

  21.(2011·济南4月模拟,22)Sandy looks very happy. She ________ have got a well­paid job.

  A.should 

  B.could

  C.must

  D.might

  答案:C 句意:Sandy看起来很高兴。她肯定找到了一份报酬高的工作。考查情态动词的用法。由第一句的意思可以推知此处表示对过去事情的肯定性推测,故选C。易错选A。认为should有“按理说应该”之意,忽略了“should have got”表示“过去本应该得到而实际上没有得到”之意而误选。

  22.(2011·济南一模,35)If people eat natural poisons by mistake, they ________ go to hospital without delay.

  A.would 

  B.can

  C.may

  D.must

  答案:D 句意:如果人们误食了自然界的有毒食物,必须立即去医院。考查情态动词。must“必须”,符合语境和逻辑。

  23.(2011·江南十校二模,32)The adopted son resembles his birth mother so much that she ________ well recognize him.

  A.could

  B.can

  C.might

  D.may

  答案:D 句意:那个被收养的孩子如此像他的生母以至于她很可能认出他。考查情态动词。may well“很可能”。

  24.(2011·江南十校联考,29)—What do you mean by this?

  —No need for you to worry about your money and be angry with me. You ________ get it this afternoon.

  A.will

  B.shall

  C.may

  D.need

  答案:B 句意:——你这是什么意思?——你没有必要担心你的钱和对我发怒,今天下午你会得到这笔钱的。在交际用语中考查情态动词的用法。shall在此表示“说话人对主语的许诺”。

  25.(2011·皖南八校第三次联考,35)Despite the fact that his scores were good, they were hardly as excellent as a student with his intelligence ________.

  A.achieved

  B.had achieved

  C.would achieve

  D.should have achieved

  答案:D 句意:尽管他的成绩很好,不过还远没有达到像他这样的智商的学生本应该取得的成绩。考查情态动词的用法。should have achieved“本应该取得但是没有取得”。

  26.(2011·合肥第三次质检,27)—Can I pay the bill by check?

  —Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ________ be paid in cash.

  A.will 

  B.can

  C.should

  D.shall

  答案:D 句意:——我能用支票付账单么?——对不起,先生。我们旅馆规定要用现金支付。考查情态动词。shall与第二、三人称连用,表示要求、命令、警告、允诺、规定、决心或表规章制度的规定等。

  27.(2011·合肥第二次质检,25)—Is there an express to Beijing tonight?

  —There ________ be, but you'd better call the booking office to make sure.

  A.can

  B.might

  C.will

  D.must

  答案:B 句意:——今晚有去北京的快车吗?——可能有,你最好打电话到售票处确认一下。考查情态动词的推测性用法。从答句后半句可知说话人的语气不太确定,故选might。

  28.(2011·合肥第二次质检,32)The government urged that every effort ________ to bring down food prices.

  A.is made

  B.will be made

  C.be made

  D.must be made

  答案:C 句意:政府强烈要求采取一切措施降低食品价格。考查虚拟语气。urge“强烈要求,极力主张”,其后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,谓语动词形式为“(should+)动词原形”,故选C。

  29.(2011·苏锡常镇一调,27)—You ________ have b othered doing the washing­up.

  —That's OK. No problem.

  A.wouldn't

  B.mustn't

  C.shouldn't

  D.couldn't

  答案:C 句意:——不该麻烦你做这些餐后洗涤的活。——没关系。考查情态动词。由回答的内容可推知,上句的内容是不该麻烦但已经麻烦了,shouldn't have done表示做了本不应该做的事情。

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