辽宁省抚顺县高中高三英语人教版语法专项复习：it 用法

　　高考英语一轮复习语法专项---------it 用法

　　一、it作人称代词

　　用来指代前文中提到的东西。既可指代具体的东西，也可指代一种情况。请看下面的例子

　　1）I hear you bought a new bike，can you show it to me？

　　2）If I can stop her coming to you，I shall do it．

　　3）—I want to stay here for a night．

　　—Your wife won't like it

　　此时要注意与其他代词如that，one， those，this，another等的区别：

　　1．I hear you bought a new bike，I want to buy _______ ，too．此处应填one，因为这里我并不是要买你的车，而是一辆新车，one ＝a new bike。

　　2．I have bought a new bike，but I still want to buy _______ ．此处应填another。我已有了一辆，再买另一辆。another ＝another new bike。

　　3．We see him when we come to town， but _______ isn't often．此处填that或it均可。指代前面我们去城里时可以看到他这一情况。

　　4．My seat is next to _______

　　of the headmaster．此处应填that，用来代替名词seat，that＝the seat。

　　5．The bikes made this year are better than _______ made last years．此处应填those或the ones。代替前文的bikes，因其是复数概念，故用those或the ones，those ／the ones＝the bikes。

　　2.也可以指动物Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.

　　3用来指代人。说明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代婴儿或儿童；在不清楚某人性别时，也可使用 it，尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如：   1.It is my turn．   轮到我了。1.①. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that .....He happened to meet his teacher in the street. He seems to enjoy pop songs very much.

　　5.it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语

　　（1）It is known（not decided，not made clear，found out，discussed，being discussed，being considered，a question，uncertain等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。

　　It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet．

　　我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。

　　It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not．

　　他能否来开会还不能确定。

　　（2）It doesn't matter（It's no wonder；It doesn't make too much difference等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。

　　It doesn't matter whether we go together or separately．我们一起去还是分开去都可以。

　　It is no wonder why he came here too late．他为什么来这么晚不足为怪

　　(二)作形式主语替代不定式　 1. ①. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。　 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. ②. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. 2.It takes sb. ... to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. (三) 作形式主语替代ing形式 It is no good / no use/useless doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语 It is no good learning English without speaking English. It's useless trying to argue with Shylock. 五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，ing形式，宾语从句。 1. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。 6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that等引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. 　 They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

　　The professor thinks it no good reading without understanding.

　　The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.

　　2. 在like, dislike, hate, love, take, appreciate, depend on, see to(处理)，insist on，help等动词后，形式宾语it后可直接跟宾语从句。此时，it表模糊概念，指代后面所叙述的内容。

　　You may depend on it that I shall always support you.

　　I hate it when people laugh at the disabled.

　　I will appreciate it if you can help me with my English. 六、it的重要句型 1.强调句 ① It is/was  + 被强调部分 + that/who ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met her in the street. It is you that /who are wrong. I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that) What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that) ②It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

　　强调句型的两种变形形式： 一般疑问句形式：Is/ Was it … that…?  特殊疑问句形式：Who/ Whom /When/ When 等 + is/ was it that …?1)Was it in 1979 ______ the American astronaut succeeded ______ landing on the moon?  (上海 94) A. when; on     B. that; on    C. when; in    D. that; in    (Key: D) 2）Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert?    (上海 95) A. it you    B. not you      C. you      D. that yourself    (Key: A) 3）Who was it that you met in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇到的是谁？ Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？It was five o'clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain．It was at five o'clock in the afternoon _____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain．A．since    B．when     C．that    D．until  /has beem＋一段时间＋ since-clause

　　这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从……以来已多久了”since 从句后用一般过去时，例如：

　　It is／has been three years since his father passed away．他父亲去逝已经有三年了。

　　It is/has been fifteen years since she left Shanghai．她离开上海已经15年了 4. ①It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，常用一般过去时态表示虚拟． It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car. It is (high ) time you made up your mind. ②It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.

　　It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit to Africa．

　　5．It ＋be的适当形式＋一段时间＋before-clause

　　这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long，years，months，weeks，days ， hours，minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才……”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就……”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时 will be；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。例如：

　　It was not long before she learned those poems by heart ．她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。

　　It was long before the police arrived．过了很久警察才来。

　　It will be hours before he makes a decision．要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。

　　It will not be hours before we meet again．要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。

　　6. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）　 It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. It looks as if it hasn't been washed following the instructions.

　　It用法及代词高考真题

　　1.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made______ from some wood we had. （2004全国III） A it

　　B one C himself

　　D another

　　2.The Foreign Minister said, “______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京)

　　A. This is

　　B. There is C. That is

　　D. It is

　　3. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say?（2004上海）

　　A. What is it that

　　B. What it is that

　　C. How is it that

　　D. How it is that

　　4．It was with great joy _____ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. （2004福建）

　　A．because B．which C．since D．that

　　5．It was ______back home after the experiment .（2004湖北）

　　A．not until midnight did he go

　　B．until midnight that he didn’t go

　　C．not until midnight that he went

　　D．until midnight when he didn’t go

　　6.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to. （2004广东）

　　A. who is it

　　B. who it is

　　C. it is who

　　D. it is whom

　　7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately____ couldn’t spare me even one minute. (2004重庆)

　　A. they B. one C. who D. it

　　8. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have_____one this month.  （天津） A. the other            B. some                 C. another              D. other

　　We haven’t enough books for _____; some of you will have to share .

　　A．somebody

　　B．anybody

　　C．everybody

　　D．nobody

　　10．（2005全国I）The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .A．that

　　B．it

　　C．this

　　D．him

　　11.(2005全国II)The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ______ didn’t help.

　　A it B she C which D he

　　12.(2005上海)No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of_________.

　　A. others

　　B. the other C. either

　　D. another

　　13.(2005上海) There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ______ ? A. wasn’t there

　　B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it

　　14.(2005天津) I prefer a flat in Inverness to _______in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom' s

　　A. one

　　B. that

　　C. it

　　D. this

　　15．（2005福建）I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _____of them answered it.

　　A．either B．none C．neither D．nobody

　　16.(2005重庆)

　　— Victor certainly cares too much about himself.

　　— Yes. He’s never interested in what ______ is doing.

　　A. no one else

　　B. anyone else

　　C. someone else

　　D. nobody else

　　17．（2005湖南）You will find as you read this book that you just can't keep some of these stories to ______. You will want to share them with a friend.

　　A. itself

　　B. yourself

　　C. himself

　　D. themselves

　　18.(2005湖北)First，it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from _______.

　　A．everyone else

　　B．the other

　　C．someone else

　　D．the rest

　　19．(2005湖北)30．He hasn’t slept at all for three days．_______he is tired out．

　　A．There is no point

　　B．There is no need

　　C．It is no wonder

　　D．It is no wonder

　　20．（2005浙江）We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found ______ we like yet.

　　A one B ones C it D them

　　21.(2005江西) Cars do cause us some health problems---in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do.

　　A．one B．ones C．it D．those

　　22.(2005安徽) I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ______.

　　A. some other

　　B. someone else

　　C. other person

　　D. one other

　　23.(2005江苏) I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city.

　　A. ones

　　B. one

　　C. that

　　D. those

　　24. Both sides have accused of breaking the contract ___.  （上海春） A. another        B. the other         C. neither        D. each     ______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004全国卷I)

　　A this B that C it D one

　　26.That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after______ he’s done for you.

　　A something b anything C all D that(2004全国卷II)

　　27.— One week’s time has been wasted.

　　— I can’t believe we did all that work for_____ . (2004重庆)

　　A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything

　　28.I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ______ of them came.(2004北京)

　　A neither B either C none D both

　　29. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately___couldn’t spare me even one minute.(2004重庆)

　　A. they B. one C. who D. it

　　30.It is easy to do the repair. ______ you need is a hammer and some nails.(2004天津)

　　A Something B All C Both D Everything

　　31. I had to buy _________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.

　　A. both

　　B. none

　　C. neither

　　D. all(2004上海)

　　32．I have done much of the work . Could you please finish____ in two days ?(2004辽宁)

　　A．the rest

　　B．the other

　　C．another

　　D．the others

　　33. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will________.(2004江苏)

　　A. anyone

　　B. anyone else

　　C. no one

　　D. no one else

　　34. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______.(2004浙江)

　　A. none

　　B. either

　　C. any

　　D. each

　　35. Playing tricks on others is _____

　　we should never do.（2004湖南）

　　A. anything

　　B. something

　　C. everything

　　D. nothing

　　36. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got______to talk to.(2004广东)

　　A. anyone

　　B. someone

　　C. everyone

　　D. no one

　　37.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.（湖南）A. this    B. that               C. one               D. it

　　38.If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.（全国I） A. so             B. that          C. it              D. them .I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.（山东） A. that   B. it   C. this   D. you ._______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.（浙江） A. As  B. That C. This D. It He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________he could receover and retum to work. [2007 江西卷] A.when

　　B.before

　　C.since

　　D.that

　　42. ___ felt funny watching myself on TV. [2007 全国卷II] A. One B. This C. It D. That

　　There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and bottow _______ ?

　　—No, I’d rather buy _____in the bookstore. [2007 陕西卷]

　　A.it;one

　　B.one;one

　　C.one;it

　　D.it;it

　　44. He didn’t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.[2007 天津卷]

　　A. this

　　B. that

　　C. it

　　D. these

　　45. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. [2007 安徽卷] A. after

　　B. before

　　C. since

　　D. when

　　46. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (08全国II)

　　A. that

　　B. how

　　C. which

　　D. when

　　47. It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site. （08重庆卷）

　　A . that

　　B. when

　　C. while

　　D. as

　　48. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. （天津卷）. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. （北京卷）

　　A. before

　　B. since

　　C. till

　　D. after

　　50. It was _____ he came bank from Africa that wear _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　（09江西）A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when

　　51. It is often _____that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. （09全国2卷）

　　A. said

　　B. to say

　　C. saying

　　D. being said