必 修 3
Units 3～Unit 4
Astronomy: the science of the stars
Odds(机率) of Life on Nearby Planet“100percent” Astronomer says
An Earthsize planet has been spotted orbiting a nearby star at a distance that would makes it not too hot and not too cold—comfortable enough for life to exist, researchers announced September 29.
If confirmed, the exoplanet, named Gliese 581g, would be the first Earthlike world found residing in a star's habitable zone—a region where a planet's temperature could sustain liquid water on its surface. And the planet's discoverers are optimistic about the prospects for finding life there.
“Personally, I would say, my own personal feeling is that the chances of life on this planet are 100 percent，” said Steven Vogt, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California. “I have almost no doubt about it.”
1．[教材原句]．..which were to make the earth's atmosphere.(U4P26)
[真题呈现](2008·湖北)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________.
A．atmosphere B．state
C．situation
D．phenomenon
[考题巧解]
解析：考查名词词义辨析。atmosphere“气氛，氛围”；state“状态”；situation“形势”；phenomenon“现象”。句意：两国高层领导人在友好的氛围(atmosphere)中进行谈判。
答案：A
2．[教材原句]．..have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend...(U4P30)
[真题呈现](2010·辽宁，22)There are over 58,000 rocky objects in________space, about 900 of which could fall down onto________earth.
A．the; the
B．/; the
C．the; /
D．a; the
[考题巧解]
解析：句意：太空中有58000多个固体物体，其中大约900多个可能掉到地球上。本题考查冠词。in space为固定搭配，意为“在太空中”；earth为独一无二的物体，其前要加定冠词。
答案：B
Ⅰ.单词速记
1．n. 天文学________→n. 天文学家________
2．n. 系统；体系；制度________→adj. 系统的；体系的________
3．n. 宗教；宗教信仰________→adj. 宗教的________
4．n. 学说；理论________→adj. 理论上的________→adv. 理论上地________
5．n. 球体；地球仪；地球________→adj. 全球性的；全世界的________
6．adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的________→n. 猛烈；激烈________
7．prep. 不同；不像________→(反义词)prep.________→v. & n. 不喜欢________
8．adj. 基本的；基础的________→adv. 基本地______ __→n. (pl.) 基本原则________
9．adj. 有害的________→n. 有害；伤害________→adj. 无害的________→adv. 有害地；伤害地________→n. 无害________→adv. 无害地________
10．vi. 存在；生存________→n. 生存；存在________
11．n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑________→adj. 令人迷惑的_______→adj. 感到迷惑的_______→n. 困惑_______
12．n. 生物学________→n.生物学家________
13．adj. 温和的；文雅的________→adv. 温柔地；温和地________→n. 绅士________
14．n. 物理学家________→n. 物理________→adj. 物理的________
15．n. 气候________→adj. 气候的________
16．n. 质量；团；块；大量________
答案：1.astronomy; astronomer 2.system; systematic3．religion; religious 4.theory; theoretical; theoretically5．globe; global 6.violent; violence 7.unlike; like; dislike8．fundamental; fundamentally; fundamentals 9.harmful；harm; harmless; harmfully; harmlessness; harmlessly 10.exist;existence 11.puzzle; puzzling; puzzled; puzzlement
12．biology; biologist 13.gentle; gently; gentleman14．physicist; physics; physical 15.climate; climatic16．mass
Ⅱ.短语突破
1．________________及时；终于
2．________________下蛋
3．________________产生；分娩
4．________________轮到某人；接着
5．________________阻止；制止
6．________________感到高兴；感到振奋
7．________________既然
8．________________突发；爆发
9．________________密切注视；当心；提防
10．________________挡住(光线)
答案：1.in time 2.lay eggs 3.give birth to 4.in one's turn5．prevent...from 6.cheer up 7.now that 8.break out 9.watch out 10.block out
Ⅲ.句型总结
1．________ ________ ________ ________ ________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。
2．This produced a chain reaction, which made______ __possible for life________ ________.
这引起一连串的反应，使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。
3．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried______ ________ ________ ________on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
答案：1.What it was to become 2.it; to develop 3.twice as far as
Ⅳ.教材设题
1．What is even more important is________as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
A．/B．that
C．which
D．how
答案：B
2．So________life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on________this problem can be solved.
A．whether; if
B．if; whether
C．whether; whether
D．if; if
答案：C
3．Walking does need a bit of practice________gravity has changed.
A．though
B．so that
C．while
D．now that
答案：D
1．violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
The_violent_scenes in the film should be cut out when they were shown on television.
电影中更多的暴力镜头应在电视播放时删除掉。
The storm grew more_violent.
这场暴风雨变得更加猛烈了。
[归纳拓展]
violent crime 暴力犯罪
violent storm 暴风骤雨
violently adv. 猛烈地；激烈地
violence n. 暴力；暴行
take...by violence 强夺……
do violence to... 对……行凶；强暴对待……
He condemned the protesters' use_of_violence_against the police.
他谴责抗议者对警察使用暴力。
[运用提升]
翻译句子
(1)She shook her head violently.
______________________________
(2)I took a violent dislike to her.
______________________________
答案：(1)她拼命摇头。 (2)我很讨厌她。
2．exist vi. 生存；生存
①(2011·山东阅读A)There_existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.
过去，家庭成员和送奶工之间的关系很密切。
②They are paid hardly enough to exist_on.
他们收入微薄，几乎无法维持生活。
[归纳拓展]
(1)exist in 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……为生
There exists/existed... 某地有……；存在……
(2)come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
bring into existence 使发生；产生
in existence 存在
Pakistan came_into_existence as an independent country after the war.
巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立的国家存在了。
[运用提升]
(2011·淄博模拟)________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.
A. It existed
B. There existed
C. There had
D. It had
答案：B 句意：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。There exists/existed...“有；存在”；相当于There be...结构。
3．pull vt. & n. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
[归纳拓展]
pull apart 拆散；拆开
pull away (汽车等)开走
pull down 拆毁；摧毁
pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull out 驶出；退出
pull through 康复；痊愈
①They are pulling_down_those_houses to make room for a new hotel.
为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。
②We waved as the train pulled_out_of_the_station.
火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。
③In order to transport the machine easily, they had to pull_it_apart.
为了更容易地运送这台机器，他们不得不将其拆开。
[运用提升]
(2011·台州模拟)I was lucky enough to get on the train before it________.
A. pulled on
B. pulled down
C. pulled in
D. pulled out
答案：D 句意：我很幸运在火车出站前坐上车了。pull out“出站”；pull on“穿上”；pull down“拆毁”；pull in“进站”。
4．in time 及时；终于
①Will you be in_time for the six o'clock train?
你来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗？
②You'll succeed in_time because you are always working hard.
你迟早会成功的，因为你一直在努力工作。
[归纳拓展]
in no time 立刻；马上
all the time 一直；始终
ahead of time 提前
at no time 绝不(放在句首，句子需倒装)
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾经
at times
有时
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
from time to time 有时；偶尔
kill time 消磨时间
①Don't recite all together; one at_a_time.
不要一起背诵，一次一个。
②At_no_time will smoking be permitted here.
这里绝不允许吸烟。
[运用提升]
用time的相关短语填空。
(1)The soldiers came________ ________to save her life from the big fire.
(2)I was always sleepy________ ________.
(3)I believe we can finish it________ ________ ________.
(4)The old man comes to the police for help___________ _____.
答案：(1)in time (2)at one time (3)ahead of time (4)at times
5．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
Try and cheer_up a bit; life isn't that bad.
试着高兴一点，生活并不是那样糟糕。[归纳拓展]
(1)cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振奋
cheer...on 为……加油
Cheers! 干杯
(2)cheer n. 欢呼声
cheerful adj. 高兴的；快乐的
cheerfully adv. 兴高采烈地
The crowd cheered the President as he drove slowly by.
当总统的车缓缓驶过时，群众们向他欢呼致敬。
We cheered the runners on as they started the last lap.
赛跑进入最后一圈时，我们为运动员加油、鼓励。
[运用提升]
(2011·莱芜模拟)—I'm not good at dancing, you know.
—________It's just for fun.
A. Don't say so.
B. Come on!
C. What a pity!
D. Cheer up.
答案：B 后句句意：来吧！我们只是玩玩。come on“得了吧，来吧”；what a pity“真是遗憾”；cheer up“振作点”。
6．now that 既然
Now(that)you've passed your test you can drive on your own.
你驾驶考试既已合格，就可以独自开车了。
[归纳拓展]
表示原因的短语
but for 要不是
due to 起因于；归功于
because of 因为
on account of 为了……的缘故
owing to 因为；由于
thanks to 多亏；由于
辨析：now that, because, since, as, for
(1)now that 是固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引出原因状语从句，that可省略。
(2)because “因为”，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。
(3)since “既然”(可与now that互换)，侧重主句。
(4)as“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。
(5)for“因为”，并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首。
①The game was put off owing_to the heavy rain.
比赛因大雨而被延期。
②His success is due_to his hard work.
他的成功应归功于他的努力工作。
点拨：now that是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可以省略。
[运用提升]
用now that, because, since, as和for填空。
(1)—Why did you do this?
—________it is good for you.
(2)________you have known it, I wouldn't repeat it.
(3)Wear strong shoes________we shall do a lot of walking.
(4)It rained last night，________the ground is wet.
(5)________you have finished your work, you can have a rest.
答案：(1)Because (2)Since (3)as (4)for (5)Now that
7．But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
倍数的表达方式：
(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。
(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width, etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
(4)A＋倍数＋what从句
点拨：两倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分数表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times来表示。
Asia is four_times_as_large_as Europe.
＝The size of Asia is four_times_that_of Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
The new building is four_times_higher_than the old one.
新楼是旧楼的五倍高。
③The earth is 49_times_the_size_of the moon.
地球的体积是月球的四十九倍。
The production now is three_times_what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
[运用提升]
(2008·陕西)Ten years ago the population of our village was________that of theirs.
A．as twice large as
B．twice as large as
C．twice as much as
D．as twice much as
答案：B 本题考查了倍数的表达法。句中倍数表达的正确形式为“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”，故A、D两项错误。当population表示“人口数量”常用large而不用much修饰。
8．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就可能发展了。
这是“make it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.”句型。该句型中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。
People in the west make_it_a_rule_to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。
点拨：it作形式宾语，除指代不定式结构外，还可指代that引导的宾语从句。
They made it_clear_to_the_public_that they did an important and necessary job.
他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。
[归纳拓展]
make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
European football is played in over 80 countries, making_it_the_most_popular_sport in the world.
有80多个国家踢欧式足球，这使它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动。
②The boss made_us_work for him 16 hours a day.
老板让我们一天给他工作16个小时。
The teacher raised his voice so that he could make_himself_heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便自己能被听到。
④“Make_yourself_at_home，” the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.
我刚一进屋，女主人就对我说：“别拘束，请随意。”
点拨：make后不跟现在分词作宾语补足语。
[运用提升]
完成句子
(1)He________ ________ ________for him to learn spoken English well.
他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。
(2)I________ ________ ________ ________that you didn't come to the concert last Sunday.
我认为你上周日没听音乐会很遗憾。
答案：(1)considered it important (2)think it a pity