考点4：主动表被动的若干情形 例1：— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______， I really can't afford the time.
A. done
B. to do
C. being done
D. doing *
【解析】选B。“with＋宾语＋不定式”结构中的不定式表示将来，且常用主动表被动。 *
考点4：主动表被动的若干情形 例2：This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2017·辽宁卷 29)
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate *
【解析】选D。在句型“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，常用主动表被动，所以选D。 *
考点5: 双宾语动词的被动语态
She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldn't take it.
A. provided
B. supplied
C. offered
D. gave *
【解析】选C。 offer 作“出价，开价”讲，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money两种搭配。此处是将后者用于被动语态中。 *
考点6：短语动词的被动语态 — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.
A. has laughed
B. has laughed at
C. has been laughed
D. has been laughed at *
【解析】选D。由by短语可知该用被动语态，即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物动词，没有被动语态，而laugh at是及物动词短语，可用被动语态。 *
考点7：不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态
Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我评估 *
【解析】选B。take place 为不及物动词短语，一般不用被动语态，即可排除A、C、D。 *
1. — You've left the light on.
— Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.
A. I'll go
B. I've gone
C. I go
D. I'm going 易错题笔记 *
【解析】选A。此题的A和D不易分清，因为两者均可表示将来。will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：
— I've come out without any money.
——我没带钱出来。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.
——没关系，我借给你。 *
(句中用will lend表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我买了部打字机，我想学打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示说话人“学打字”是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机) *
2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.
A. look
B. looking
C. looked
D. looks *
【解析】选D。但B和C可能被误选。此句的基本结构是 His wife sits by the window，由于句子主语 his wife 带有较复杂的修饰语，所以采用了倒装语序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定语从句，其中dressed in black是插入语，故应填looks作定语从句的谓语。 *
3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from
B. was dated from
C. dates from
D. dated from *
【解析】选C。此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今(＝have existed since)”，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用于过去时态(尽管其后接的是表示过去的时间)，除非所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，如： The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。)(注意： 与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。)
*
4. — Do you like the material?
— Yes, it ______ very soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt *
【解析】选C。此题容易误选D，认为应用被动语态。其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，不能用于被动语态。
*
6. — He will come tomorrow.
— But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.
A. will come
B. is coming
C. came
D. had come *
【解析】选C。此题容易误选A或B，因为上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应用一般将来时态。但实际上此题的最佳答案是 C，这与 would rather 的用法有关。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，其谓语的时态规律是： 用过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：
I'd rather you went home now.
我宁愿你现在就回家。 *
I'd rather you hadn't done that.
我真希望你没有做过那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把这件事告诉他了。”“但我倒宁愿你没有告诉他。” “He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他将把你也带上。”“但我倒宁愿不要带我去。” *
7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing *
【解析】选D。这是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。 *
8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.
— It's 4331577.
A. didn't
B. couldn't
C. don't
D. can't *
【解析】选A。此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。其实，答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”，可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。 *
9. — Please don't make a noise.
— ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I do
B. No, I don't
C. Yes, I will
D. No, I won't *
【解析】选D。有的同学由于受前一句don't 的影响，认为下文的答句应选A或B，这些同学主要是忽略了上文的真实语境： 上文是一个祈使句，而祈使句表示的时间应是“将来”，这从空格后的 I'll be…这个将来时态也可看出。另外，从 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 这一语境来看，此题的最佳答案应选D而不选C。No, I won't. 为 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 *
10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.
A. was
B. had been
C. would be
D. would have been *
【解析】选A。此题容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。正确答案为A。前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。 *
第5讲
动词的时态和语态
*
英语中，动词有16种时态，而湖南高考要求考生掌握10种时态，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及现在完成进行时。 Ⅰ. 动词的时态 *
考点1：一般现在时与现在进行时
“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2017·全国新课标卷 23)
A. has shown
B. is showing
C. shows
D. showed *
【解析】选 C。此处是直接引语。句子的内容是生活哲理，所以用一般现在时。句意： 奶奶过去常常说： “人生就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见(留下了你的足迹)。” *
考点2：现在完成时与一般过去时
It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
*
【解析】选D。句意：自从我来了这所学校以后，这是我听过的最有教育意义的一场讲座。这里考查了定语从句和时态两个知识点。因为前面的谓语动词是is，并且谈论的是从过去开始持续到现在的一段时间里发生的动作，所以用现在完成时。故选D。 *
考点3：过去进行时与一般过去时 — That must have been a long trip.
— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)
A. takes
B. has taken
C. took
D. was taking *
【解析】选C 。 根据上句must have been可知trip发生在过去，因此第二句选用一般过去时took。句意：——那一定是一次漫长的旅行。——是啊，我们花了整整一星期才到达那儿。 *
考点4：过去完成时与一般过去时
After Jack had sent some emails, he ______ working on his project. (2017·山东卷 28)
A. had started
B. has started
C. started
D. starts
*
【解析】选 C。 根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。句意： Jack发了几封电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。 *
考点5：现在完成时与现在完成进行时
The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2017·全国大纲卷18)
A. has told
B. is telling
C. has been telling
D. will have told *
【解析】选 C。 现在完成进行时表示： 过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在刚刚结束或还在进行。句意： 经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停地告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。根据句意选C。 *
考点6：一般将来时与将来进行时 — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2017·陕西卷 24)
A. fly
B. will fly
C. will be flying
D. am flying
*
【解析】选C。根据问句中的two o'clock和应答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在将来正在进行，用将来进行时，选C。 *
Ⅱ. 动词的语态 考点1：注意各种时态的被动语态形式
They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2017·四川卷11)
A. is being rebuilt
B. has been rebuilt
C. is rebuilt
D. has rebuilt *
【解析】选A。本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意为： 他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。 *
考点2：“get＋过去分词”结构
Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2017·辽宁卷 35)
A. get paid
B. got paid
C. have paid
D. had been paid *
【解析】选A。句意： 妈妈，能否借几美元给我，星期五发工资后还给你。until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，get paid相当于一般现在时的被动语态。 *
考点3：不及物动词没有被动语态
Food supplies in the floodstricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2017·重庆卷 27)
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out *
【解析】选B。分析题干语境可知，食品供应即将耗尽。run out为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动形式，由此可排除C和D两个选项。B选项为现在进行时态，可以表示将来，符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。