答案：A 4．由连接代词what引导。 I don't know what he really likes. 我不知道他到底喜欢什么。 What he said proved true. 他所说的被证实是真的。 what作为连接代词，承担两重任务：连接句子和代替从句缺少的成分(可以代替从句主语、宾语和表语)。 答案：B 答案：D 答案：C 答案：A 4．同位语从句 同位语从句用来解释说明前面的名词，通常由本身无意义的连词that引导，通常不可省略。一般在fact, news, idea, hope, doubt, fear, belief, dream, plan, advice, suggestion, decision等名词后有同位语从句，具体说明这些名词的内容。 例 (2011·天津，13)Modern science has given clear evidence______smoking can lead to many diseases. A．what
B．which C．that
D．where 答案：C
选 修 6
Units 3～专项语法 名词性从句
要点精析
一、名词性从句的句法功能
名词性从句在句法上相当于一个名词，因此，它可以作为句子的主语、宾语、表语，以及名词的同位语。
1．主语从句
That_the_earth_goes_around_the_sun is certain.
地球围绕太阳转是确定无疑的。
Who_will_be_the_next_president_of_our_country is still hard to say.
谁将成为我们国家的下任总统很难说。
有时为了避免头重脚轻，用it充当形式主语，把主语从句放到句末。
It is still hard to say who_will_be_the_ next_president_ of_our_country.
谁将成为我们国家的下任总统很难说。
It is a pity that_you_missed_such_a_wonderful_match.
你错过了观看如此精彩的比赛真遗憾。
另外，如果从句是一个完整的句子，仍要用that引导，不可省略。
That_the_earth_is_round is known to all.
众所周知，地球是圆的。
例 (2011·江苏，26)It was never clear________the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.
A．that
B.how
C．when
D．why
解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：那个人为什么没有早报告这起交通事故还不清楚。分析结构可知，it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面从句。又由句意可知此处主语从句用why引导，D项正确。
2．宾语从句
We all know that_the_earth_is_round.
我们都知道地球是圆的。
We suppose that_running_water_is_pure_and_clean.
我们认为自来水很纯净。
宾语从句也常由it替代，真正的宾语放在句尾。
We take it for granted that_running_water_ is_pure_ and_clean.
我们认为自来水很纯净。
I hate it when_people_smoke_before_me.
我厌恶人们在我面前抽烟。
例 (2011·江西，26)The villagers have already known ________ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A．thisB．thatC．whatD．which
解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建桥梁。known后面跟宾语从句，从句中缺少do的宾语，表示“……的事”，故用what引导宾语从句；this不引导从句；that引导宾语从句时不作成分；which引导宾语从句时有疑问的意思，意为“哪一个”。
3．表语从句
The problem is that_we_don't_have_much_time_left.
问题是我们剩下的时间很少。
My question is who_is_responsible_for_all_this.
我的问题是谁对这事负责。
例 (2010·江苏泰兴市朝中调研)—Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?
—No, that's________they are mistaken.
A．whereB．whenC．soD．how
解析：考查表语从句。where引导表语从句，表示那就是她们的错误所在。
We were shocked at the news that_dozens_of_miners _were_killed_in_this_mine_accident.
许多名矿工死于矿难，我们对这个消息感到震惊。
Word came that_there_would_be_another_ hurricane_ coming.
据说将会有另一场飓风。
There is no doubt that_he_is_the_best_person_for_ this_ position.
毫无怀疑，他是这个位置的最佳人选。
解析：本题考查同位语从句的引导词。从句结构完整，并且对evidence的内容起到了补充说明的作用，故应用that引导该从句。句意：现代科学提供了明确的证据表明吸烟能导致很多疾病。
二、名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句由从属连词引导，有如下几类：
1．由本身没意义但在从句中不充当任何语法成分的连词that引导。
He told me that he would come to visit us on Sunday.
他告诉我他将在星期天来拜访我们。
The teacher suggested that the students buy the books.
这个老师建议学生买这些书。
2．由具有意义但在从句中不担当成分的连词whether或if引导。
I don't know whether he will go with us or not.
我不知道他是否和我们一块去。
He asked me whether I would accept him as a new member.
他问我是否能把他作为一名新成员接受他。
例 (2010·海淀模拟)Kevin consulted his teacher about________he should study abroad after graduation.
A．whether
B．where
C．when
D．that
解析：句意：Kevin就毕业后是否应该去国外学习征求了老师的意见。whether he should study abroad after graduation作介词about的宾语。where与句中的abroad矛盾；when与句中的after graduation重复；that引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语。
3．由带疑问意义的连接副词或连接代词who, when, where, how, which, whose等引导。
I don't know who will take his place if he leaves.
我不知道如果他离职谁将接替他。
We all know when and where the next Olympic Games will be held.
我们都知道下届奥运会将在何时何地举办。
What I want for the moment is a car.(主语从句中，what是want的宾语)
我此刻想要的是一辆汽车。
What is left undone will be carried on by us.(主语从句中what是主语)
未做完的工作将由我们继续做。
The city today is no longer what it was 5 years ago.(表语从句中，what是表语)
今天的这个城市不再是它5年前的样子了。
what在句子中除了可以代物(something)，还可以代人、时间、地点等。
Please tell me what you want./Please tell me the thing that you want.(what指物)
请告诉我你想要什么。
He is what is known as walking dictionary, for he knows every word you don't know./He is the person that is known as a walking dictionary, for he knows every word you don't know.(what指人)
他就是人们所知的活字典，因为每个你不认识的字他都认识。
After a long journey, they finally arrived at what is now Boston./After a long journey, they finally arrived at the place that is now Boston.(what指地点)
经过长途跋涉，他们终于到达今天的波士顿。
After what seemed hours of waiting, it was finally my turn./After a period of time that seemed hours of waiting, it was finally my turn.(what指时间)
等待了像是几个小时之后，最后终于轮到我了。
例 (2011·北京，22)________
Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
解析：本题考查主语从句引导词的选择。句意：芭芭拉·琼斯提供给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。which引导主语从句时有选择的意思，意为“哪一个”；what引导主语从句，在从句中作offer的宾语，意为“……的人或事”；that引导主语从句时that不作成分；whom引导主语从句时在从句中作宾语，指人。本题中主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，表示“……的东西”，故用what引导。
运用提升
1．(2011·山东，26)I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is________he never finishes anything.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. why
答案：D 本题考查连词的用法。句意：恐怕他说的比做的多，这就是他从来都不完成任何事情的原因。本句为表语从句，且从句中缺少状语，根据句意，D项正确。句型that's why...“那就是……的原因”。
2．(2011·山东，33)We've offered her the job, but I don't know________ she'll accept it.
A. where
B. what
C. whether
D. which
答案：C 本题考查连词的用法。句意：我们提供给她工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。根据句子结构，本题为宾语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成份，故应用连词whether。而where在从句中作地点状语；what，which在从句中作宾语，故C项正确。
3．(2011·陕西，15)I'd like to start my own business—that's________I'd do if I had the money.
A．why
B．when
C．which
D．what
答案：D 考查名词性从句引导词。句意：我想创办自己的生意——那就是如果我有钱的话想做的事。分析句子结果可知，空白处需要连接代词引导表语从句，首先排除A、B两项连接副词；另外，which“哪一个，哪一些”不合题意，what“……的事”符合题目要求，在句中作do的宾语。
4．(2011·安徽，33)His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ________it is he is trying to express.
A. that
B. how
C. who
D. what
答案：D 考查名词性从句。句意：他的书写这么乱，很难弄明白他想要表达什么。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。
5．(2011·湖南，31)Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ________ the problem itself is.
A．what
B．that
C．which
D．why
答案：A 本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：在一个问题被解决之前，必须弄清问题本身所在。It must be obvious ________ the problem itself is.这一句中，it作了形式主语，________ the problem itself is是真正的主语从句，从句中缺少表语，故用what引导。
6．(2011·辽宁，23)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach______to read fast.
A．what
B．who
C．how
D．why
答案：C 本题考查连词的用法。句意：有二十名学生要去听如何快速阅读的课。what“什么”；who“谁”；how“怎样”；why“为什么”。根据句意，C项正确。
7．(2011·辽宁，32)When the news came______the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
A．since
B．which
C．that
D．because
答案：C 本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：当传来战争爆发的消息时，他决定去部队服役。本题为同位语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成分，故用连词that。注意which不能引导同位语从句，只能引导定语从句。
8．(2011·重庆，22)It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A．whether
B．when
C．which
D．where
答案：A 本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：是否用现代化的宾馆代替旧车站的问题仍在讨论中。根据句式结构可知，本题为主语从句，whether...or not“是否”。符合题意。
9．(2011·重庆，34)It is not always easy for the public to see ________ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose
B. what
C. which
D. that
答案：B 本题考查连词的用法。句意：对公众来说，并不总是很容易就知道一项新发明对人类生活有什么用处。根据结构可知，本题考查宾语从句，what“什么”，表示泛指；which“哪一个”，表示特指，根据句意B项正确。
10．(2011·海淀第二学期期末，28)It remains unknown ________ the peace talk between the two countries is going to lead.
A．where
B．when
C．how
D．why
答案：A 句意：两国之间的和谈走向依然是个未知数。考查主语从句的引导词。句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语是空处及其后的句子。从句主语、谓语完整，由从句中谓语部分的lead(导致，通向)，为不及物动词可推断出其后缺地点状语，故用where引导名词性从句，选A。
11．(2011·海淀期中，34)Everybody likes to work with ________ is reliable and easy to get on with.
A．whom
B．who
C．whomever
D．whoever
答案：D 句意：每个人都喜欢和可靠且容易相处的人在一起工作。考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺主语且意为“无论是谁”，故选whoever。易错选B、C。没有意识到语境中的“无论是谁”的含义而误选who；只注意到了所选宾语从句的引导词作介词with的宾语需用宾格形式，没有注意到此处为“兼语”，即既作前面介词with的宾语，同时又作后面宾语从句的主语，此时需用主格形式而误选C。
12．(2011·东城练习二，32)________ we go there by train or by ship makes no difference. The time and the fees are the same.
A．Which
B．How
C．Whether
D．Why
答案：C 句意：我们是坐火车还是乘船去那儿没什么不同，所用时间和费用是一样的。考查连词。whether...or...“不管……还是……”。
13．(2011·东城练习二，28)One advantage of owing your own car is ________ you can go anywhere at any time you like.
A．when
B．why
C．what
D．that
答案：D 句意：拥有私家车的一大优势是，你可以在任何时间去你想去的任何地方。考查名词性从句的引导词。单纯连接词that在从句中引导表语从句。易错选C。误认为is后缺表语，但what在从句中作成分，而从句成分完整只缺引导词，所以C不对。
14．(2011·西城二模，26)________ left the door unlocked must be held responsible for the accident.
A．Whomever
B．Whoever
C．Whatever
D．Whenever
答案：B 句意：无论谁没有锁门都必须承担这次事故的责任。考查主语从句的引导词。主语是人，又含有“无论是谁”的意思，故选用whoever。易错选A。没有意识到whomever为宾格形式，而空处在主语从句中作主语需用主格而误选。
15．(2011·西城二模，28)What I like about Harvard is ________ there's the old classical look—there are parks and traditional buildings.
A．why
B．where
C．that
D．how
答案：C 句意：关于哈佛大学我所喜欢的是它的古典的风格——公园及传统的建筑。考查表语从句的引导词。从句中成分完整，故用单纯连接词that引导。
16．(2011·重庆二诊，24)It is a teacher's responsibility always to hope, ________ with learning, a boy's character might be changed.
A．when
B．what
C．that
D．which
答案：C 句意：老师的职责总是希望一个孩子通过学习可以改变性格。考查名词性从句的引导词。it为形式主语，真正的主语是其后的动词不定式，that引导宾语从句作hope的宾语。
17．(2011·东北三省四市联考，25)—________ you write so well?
—By reading and keeping diaries every day.
A．How is it that
B．Is it how that
C．How it is that
D．What is it that
答案：A 句意：——你怎么写得这么好？——通过每天阅读和记日记。考查特殊句式。问句是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，答句补充完整为：It is by reading and keeping diaries every day that I write so well.另外，对方式进行提问用how。
18．(2011·东北三省四市联考，27)It seemed to me that she was in doubt ________ Timmy lived or died.
A．why
B．how
C．that
D．whether
答案：D 句意：就我看来她似乎怀疑Timmy是死了还是活着。考查名词性从句的连接词。根据句意及空格后面的or可知，此处为whether...or...“是……还是……”结构。
whether引导同位语从句，解释名词doubt的具体内容。
19．(2011·东北三校二模，27)The Super Girl Wang Bei's death highlights the fact ________ cosmetic surgery has become one of China's biggest beauty secrets.
A．that
B．where
C．what
D．which
答案：A 句意：超级女声王贝的死亡强烈显示出整容手术已成为中国最大的美容秘诀之一。考查同位语从句。由句意“整容手术已成为中国最大的美容秘诀之一”可知是对名词fact内容的解释，因为不缺成分，故用that引导。
20．(2011·沈阳二模，8)It gives his life a flying start ________ he has gone abroad for further education.
A．what
B．when
C．that
D．how
答案：C 句意：他出国进修给了他人生一个新的腾飞的起点。考查连接代词或连接副词的用法。本句中的it为形式主语，空后的句子为真正的主语，主语从句中成分意义完整，故用that引导。
21．(2011·石家庄二模，11)Good food, good sleep, no exercise. That's ________ he gained weight.
A．how
B．when
C．what
D．whether
答案：A 句意：美食、酣睡和不运动是他增重的途径。考查表语从句引导词。空后句子为表语从句，引导语境强调的是方式，故用how引导。
22．(2011·太原基础知识测试，27)As a matter of fact, ________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A．where
B．why
C．which
D．what
答案：D 句意：事实上，在学习英语方面最重要的是充分的练习。考查名词性从句的引导词。主语从句中缺主语，且意为“……的”，故选D。
23．(2011·河南示范高中适应性测试，34)Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone ________ made you angry is important.
A．that
B．which
C．why
D．what
答案：D 句意：发怒是可以的，但知道怎样告诉别人什么使你生气是重要的。考查名词性从句的引导词。tell要求跟双宾语(tell sb. sth.)，本句中的直接宾语是句子，句中缺主语且为泛指，故选what。
24．(2011·济南一模，30)Tom eagerly finished up ________ was left of the chicken pie.
A．what
B．that
C．which
D．where
答案：A 句意：Tom很想把剩余的鸡肉馅饼吃完。考查名词性从句的引导词。宾语从句中缺主语，故用what引导。that引导名词性从句时不能作句子成分也没有词义；which“哪一个，哪些”不符合语义。finish up sth.“吃完、喝完或用完某物”。如：We might as well finish (up) the cake; there isn't much left.咱们索性把蛋糕吃完吧，也没剩多少了。
25．(2011·皖南八校第三次联考，26)Your future is in your hands. Your life is ________ you make of it.
A．how
B．which
C．that
D．what
答案：D 句意：你的未来就在你的手中，生活由你缔造。考查名词性从句。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
26．(2011·苏锡常镇一调，29)Golf is rapidly becoming more popular. Near some towns and cities new courses are being built in ________.
A．what is farmland
B．what farmland is
C．what farmland was
D．what was farmland
答案：D 句意：打高尔夫球日益流行开来，在一些城镇和城市的附近的原来是农田的地方正在建一些新的场地。考查名词性从句。由题干可知，正在建造新的场地，所以应选what was farmland“原来是农场的地方”，作介词in的宾语。
27．(2011·南京二模，32)I don't know ________ the future holds in store for me, but I'll face the storms of life bravely.
A．how
B．where
C．that
D．what
答案：D 句意：我不知道未来会发生什么事，但我将勇敢地面对生活中的狂风暴雨。考查名词性从句。此处考查动词know后的宾语从句，从句中动词hold后缺宾语，故选what。
28．(2011·杭州质检二，15)There is a popular belief among the Europeans ________ chicken soup can help cure flu.
A．what
B．who
C．that
D．where
答案：C 句意：欧洲人中间有一种流行的信念(看法)：鸡汤能有助于治愈流感。考查同位语从句。belief后跟一个同位语从句，对其内容进行进一步的解释，同位语从句中结构、意思完整，故用单纯连接词that引导。
29．(2011·湖南十二校第二次联考，27)Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is ________ he can't enjoy while living in big cities.
A．that
B．why
C．where
D．what
答案：D 句意：乡村生活给他带来了安静，这是他住在大城市里所享受不到的。考查名词性从句的连接词。what he can't enjoy是表语从句，what在表语从句中作动词enjoy的宾语。
30．(2011·江西九校联考，33)So quickly are science and technology advancing ________ is a possibility today may be a reality tomorrow.
A．which
B．what
C．that which
D．that what
答案：D 句意：科学和技术的进步是如此地快速以至于今天认为只是一种可能性的事情或许明天就会是事实。考查典型句式和名词性从句。句子的主干为so...that引导的结果状语从句，so位于句首时引起部分倒装；在结果状语从句中有一个由what引导的主语从句。
31．(2011·福建名校样本分析考试，28)—How do you think I can make up with Jack?
—Set aside ________ you disagree and try to find what you have in common.
A．what
B．where
C．whether
D．which
答案：B 句意：——你认我怎样能与Jack重修旧好？——不要顾及不同的意见，设法找出你们的共同点。考查名词性从句的连接词。where you disagree作set aside的宾语。
32．(2011·福建名校样本分析考试，33)We all held the view ________ the book said was right.
A．that what
B．what that
C．that
D．all which
答案：A 句意：我们都有这样的观点，书上所说的都是对的。考查名词性从句的连接词。连接词that引导同位语从句，修饰名词view, what the book said是同位语从句的主语，what是作said的宾语。
33．(2011·福建质检，35)I can't figure out ________ it is that makes him so difficult at school.
A．how
B．what
C．why
D．which
答案：B 句意：我不能理解究竟是什么使得他在学校如此困难。figure out“理解，想出，明白”。考查强调句式的特殊疑问句形式作宾语从句时的语序：wh＋it be that...强调句式中强调的是主语，首先要排除作状语的连接副词how和why，又因语境中的主语为泛指意义，故排除which(有范围，视为特指)选what。
34．(2011·桂林一模，31)We can find out ________ all the excitement is about by playing QQ's “Happy Farm”．
A．that
B．how
C．what
D．when
答案：C 句意：通过玩QQ游戏“快乐农场”我们可以发现所有的刺激和什么有关。考查宾语从句的连接词。find out后的宾语从句中缺介词about的宾语，而单纯连接词that在名词性从句中不能作成分，when和how又只能作状语，故选连接代词what。
35．(2011·西安八校联考，16)________ I regret most is that I have promised to make friends with the dishonest girl.
A．How
B．What
C．Where
D．That
答案：B 句意：我最后悔的是我已经许诺和那个不诚实的女孩交朋友。考查主语从句，主语从句中缺宾语，故选what。
36．(2011·成都三诊，7)Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office. That's ________ President Obama works.
A．why
B．where
C．what
D．how
答案：B 句意：在白宫里有一个被称为“the Oval Office”的房间。那是奥巴马总统工作的地方。考查表语从句的引导词。从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
37．(2011·成都三诊，20)Mobile phone
users have developed a series of symbols, such as
and
to show ________ they feel.
A．which
B．when
C．how
D．why
答案：C 句意：手机/移动电话用户已经发明了一系列的像“微笑( )”和“不高兴 ”等符号，以表达他们的感受。考查名词性从句的连接词。语境强调的是方式， 故用how修饰谓语动词feel。
38．(2011·昆明质检，10)The decision was made ________
more medical teams would be sent to help people in
the earthquake.
A．what
B．which
C．that
D．when
答案：C 句意：已经作出决定，派更多的医疗队到震区帮助灾区人民。考查名词性从句。主语the decision后跟一个同位语从句说明其具体内容，从句中成分完整，故用单纯连接词that引导。
39．(2011·承德一模，17)The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing ________ they referred to as “English air”．
A．which
B．that
C．how
D．what
答案：D 考查宾语从句。句意：当地藏民和夏尔巴人都嘲笑那些奇怪的瓶子，里面装着他们所说的“英国气体”。what引导一个宾语从句，作containing的宾语，同时what在从句中作介词to的宾语。
40．(2011·商丘二模，28)I would appreciate ________ you could give me some advice on learning English.
A．it whether
B．it if
C．that when
D．that if
答案：B 考查宾语从句。在英语中，当enjoy, like, love, prefer, appreciate, hate, dislike等表示情绪的动词后接when或if从句时，通常要用it作形式宾语。