高三英语备考总复习课件人教版:专项语法9-非谓语动词 117张-查字典英语网
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高三英语备考总复习课件人教版:专项语法9-非谓语动词 117张

发布时间:2017-02-22  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  答案:C

  答案:A

  表现形式 意义 例句 名词/代词+ v. ­ing 形式/ v. ­ed 分词 v. ­ing 形式表主动和进行,v. ­ed分词表被动和完成 Weather

  permitting,we'll go out for a walk. Homework_finished,the boy went out to play. 不定式 表将来,计划安排要做的事 The_exam_to_be_held tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight. 答案:A

  答案:C

  答案:B

  答案:C

  答案:C

  必 修 5

  Units 1~2

  专项语法九 非谓语动词

  要点精析

  一、v.­ing形式和v.­ed分词

  1.作宾语补足语

  v.­ing形式与v.­ed分词作宾语补足语时,v.­ing形式与句子宾语之间有主动或进行意义;v.­ed 分词与句子宾语之间具有被动或完成意义。

  Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground.

  詹妮发现地上有一个钱包。(主动)

  I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.

  我低头看了一眼我的脖子发现我的项链不见了。(不及物动词,状态)

  I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.

  发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。(不及物动词,完成)

  I want to have my hair cut.

  我打算理发。(被动,完成或没有一定的时间性)

  例 (2011·重庆,33)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself________ of his own dreams.

  A. reminding

  B. to remind

  C. reminded

  D. remind

  解析:本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:Michael把姚明的照片贴在床边,使他一直记起自己的梦想。remind sb. of sth.“使某人记起某事”,此处的sb.为himself,himself提前,因此remind要用过去分词表被动,在此作宾补。

  2.作定语

  (1)v.­ing形式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。

  China is a developing country.

  中国是一个发展中国家。

  Be quiet. There's a sleeping boy.

  安静点,这儿有一个睡觉的男孩。

  (2)v.­ed分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。

  The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world.

  发达国家也需要世界上其他国家的帮助。

  例 (2011·江苏,31)Recently a survey________prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.

  A.compared

  B.comparing

  C.compares

  D.being compared

  解析:本题考查非谓语动词。句意:近来一个比较同一商品在不同超市的价格的调查在市民中引起了热烈的讨论。分析结构可知,主语survey与compare之间为主谓关系,故用现在分词短语作定语,B项正确。

  3.作状语

  (1)v.­ing形式可作时间、条件、原因、结果或伴随等状语,它的一般式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生的动作,它的完成式表示在谓语动词动作之前发生的动作。

  They entered the theatre, talking_and_laughing.

  他们说笑着进入了剧院。

  Having_won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.

  他获得了冠军,被奖励100万美元。

  例 (2011·辽宁,30)______around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.

  A.Gather

  B.To gather

  C.Gathering

  D.To be gathering

  解析:本题考查非谓语动词。句意:聚集在篝火周围,旅游的人和当地人一起跳舞。根据句子结构可知,此处是现在分词作伴随状语,表示“gather”与“dance”这两动作同时发生。而不定式在句中作目的状语,不合语境。

  (2)v.­ed分词作状语时表示完成或被动的动作,它是由句子的主语承受的。而不定式和v.­ing形式作状语时,该动作是由句子主语发出的。

  Built in the Ming Dynasty, the building is still in good condition.

  建造于明朝的那栋建筑物现在仍然处于良好状态。

  Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

  倘若给予更多的关注,这些树会生长得更好。

  例 (2011·四川,16)________ an important role in a new movie,Andy has got a chance to become famous.

  A.Offer

  B.Offering

  C.Offered

  D.To offer

  解析:本题考查非谓语动词。句意:在这部影片中得到一个重要的角色后,安迪得到了一个出名的机会。根据语境,别人给安迪一个角色,即存在被动关系。所以选C,过去分词表被动。

  二、动词不定式

  1.不定式作定语

  The Browns have a comfortable house to_live_in.

  布朗一家在一个温馨舒适的房子生活。

  Have you got anything to_send?

  你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)

  Have you got anything to_be_sent?

  你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)

  She was the first woman to_win_the_gold_medal in the Olympic Games.

  她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。

  I have no chance to_go sightseeing.

  我没有机会外出观光。

  2.不定式作状语

  He got up early so_as_to_catch_the_first_bus.

  为了赶头班车他起得很早。

  To_learn_English_well,_he needs a good dictionary.

  为了学好英语,他需要一本好词典。(而不能说:To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.)

  例 (2011·浙江,19)If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ________ by their enthusiastic supporters.

  A.being cheered

  B.be cheered

  C.to be cheered

  D.were cheered

  解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果他们赢得今晚的决赛的话,他们队将在他们热情的支持者欢呼中环游该城。因为是非谓语,排除D项;另外,cheer动作在将来发生,所以采用不定式。

  注意:(1)有些不定式短语可以作独立成分,通常位于句首,有时位于句中或句尾,需要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。

  To_be_honest,_I know nothing about it.

  说实话,我对那件事一无所知。

  常见的这类短语有:to tell the truth, to be frank(坦率地说),to be exact, to begin with。

  (2)不定式作结果状语时,常表示一种意外的结果,尤其是和only连用时,常用only to do。

  He ran to the station only_to_find the train had left.

  他跑到火车站发现火车已开走。

  三、非谓语动词易错点

  1.在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟v.­ing形式作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。

  allow/permit/forbid/advise

  Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.

  这里禁止吸烟,但你可以吸。

  We don't allow smoking in the hall.

  我们不准在大厅内吸烟。

  2.动词need, require, want作“需要”解时。

  need/want/require(需要)

  The window needs/requires/wants

  窗户需要擦一下。

  例 (2007·陕西)As a result of the serious flood,two­thirds of the buildings in the area________.

  A.need repairing

  B.needs to repair

  C.needs repairing

  D.need to repair

  解析:分数、百分数修饰名词,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词,此处two­thirds修饰buildings,故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings,排除B、C两项;need doing=need to be done意为“需要被做”。故选A。

  3.独立主格结构

  独立主格结构,就是分词有其自己的独立主语,可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有真正的谓语,所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表:

  表现形式 意义 例句

  名词/代词+ 形容

  词/副词 表明名词或代词所处的状态 Our_lessons(being)over,_we went to play football.

  介词短语 表位置 The girl is walking in the field, packet_on_ back.

  表现形式 意义 例句

  with+

  名词/

  代词+ v.­ing形式 表主动、进行 They pretended to be working all night with_their_lights_burning.

  v.­ed分词 表被动、完成 She had to walk home with_her_bike_stolen.

  不定式 表将来 I can't go out to play with_so_much_homework_to_do.

  表现形式 意义 例句

  with+

  名词/

  代词+ 形容词 表状态 He used to sleep with_windows_open.

  副词 表状态 He went up to sleep with_lights_on.

  介词短语 表位置 The children came

  running toward us,

  with_flowers_in_their_hands.

  例 (2010·山东,29)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already________for a meal to be cooked.

  A.laid

  B.laying

  C.to lay

  D.being laid

  解析:A 考查with的复合结构。table与lay之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即lay the table“摆放桌子”;因此用laid作宾补。

  运用提升

  1.(2011·新课标,27)The next thing he saw was smoke ________ from behind the house.

  A.rose

  B.rising

  C.to rise

  D.risen

  答案:B 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:他看到的下一件事情是从房后冒出的烟。根据句子结构可知,此处缺少宾语。故排除A项。B项为现在分词,且smoke与rise之间为主谓关系,符合语境。而C项为不定式表将来,D项为过去分词,表完成,都不符合语境。

  2.(2011·全国Ⅱ,15)The island,________to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.

  A. joining

  B. to join

  C. joined

  D. having joined

  答案:C 句意:这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连,很容易到达。join与the island之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处用过去分词。

  3.(2011·全国Ⅱ,18)Sarah pretended to be cheerful,________nothing about the argument.

  A. says

  B. said

  C. to say

  D. saying

  答案:D 句意:萨拉假装很开心,对那次争论只字未提。Sarah和say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故此处用现在分词形式。

  4.(2011·天津,12)______into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

  A.Translating

  B.Translated

  C.To translate

  D.Having translated

  答案:B 本题考查动词的非谓语形式作状语。主句主语the sentence与 translate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词形式表示被动意义,A、C、D三项均表示主动意义。句意:被翻译成英语后,我们发现这个句子的顺序完全不一样了。

  5.(2011·江西,32)On receiving a phone call from his wife ________ she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.

  A.says

  B.said

  C.saying

  D.to say

  答案:C 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:一接到妻子的电话,说她摔到了,戈登先生马上从办公室冲回了家。此处为非谓语动词作定语,修饰call,且与call之间为主动关系,表示与动词receive同时进行的动作,故用现在分词形式。

  6.(2011·陕西,20)More highways have been built in China,________it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

  A. making

  B. made

  C. to make

  D. having made

  答案:A 考查非谓语动词用作结果状语。 句意:在中国更多的公路被建起,这自然使得人们从一地赶往另一地更加方便快捷。英语中用现在分词短语做结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,而不定式表示出乎意料的结果,首先排除B、C两项;另外,该结果伴随前文动作或者在之后发生,所以用现在分词的一般时,故排除D项。

  7.(2011·北京,25)It's important for the figures ______ __regularly.

  A. to be updated

  B. to have been updated

  C. to update

  D. to have updated

  答案:A 本题考查动词不定式的时态和语态。句意:对这些数字来说定期更新是重要的。根据句意,数字应该是被更新,故用动词不定式的被动语态;根据副词regularly可知此处表示经常性的动作,故用动词不定式的一般时态。

  8.(2011·北京,33)Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,________ on your feet.

  A. to keep

  B. keeping

  C. having kept

  D. to have kept

  答案:B 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:坐下,艾玛。如果你一直站着的话,只会使你自己更累。此处为非谓语动词作状语,表示条件,动词keep与句子的主语之间为主动关系,表示正在进行的动作,故用现在分词形式。此处相当于一个条件状语从句:You will only make yourself more tired, if you keep on your feet.。

  9.(2011·福建,23)Tsinghua University,______in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

  A.found

  B.founding

  C.founded

  D.to be founded

  答案:C 本题考查非谓语动词。句意:清华大学,建于1911年,是许多杰出人物的母校。found“建立,创立”,与主语Tsinghua University之间为动宾关系,并且由时间状语1911可知,found动作早已完成,故用founded,C项正确。

  10.(2011·浙江,3)Bats are surprisingly long­lived creatures, some ________ a life span of around 20 years.

  A.having

  B.had

  C.have

  D.to have

  答案:A 考查独立主格。句意:蝙蝠是一种令人吃惊的长寿生物,有些有大约20年的寿命。逗号前是一个简单句,两部分之间没有连词过渡,所以空白处需采用非谓语形式,排除C项;且与其逻辑主语some存在主动关系,排除B项;另外该动作描述事实的存在现象,故排除D项,选择A项。

  11.(2011·湖南,21)The

  ability

  ________an idea is as important as the idea itself.

  A.expressing

  B.expressed

  C.to express

  D.to be expressed

  答案:C 本题考查不定式短语作后置定语。句意:表达观点的能力和观点本身同等重要。ability后通常跟动词不定式作后置定语,故排除A,B两项;此处指表达观点的能力,表示主动意义,排除D项。

  12.(2011·湖南,23)The players

  ________ from

  the

  whole

  country

  are

  expected

  to bring us honor in this summer game.

  A.selecting

  B.to select

  C.selected

  D.having

  selected

  答案:C 本题考查过去分词作后置定语。句意:从全国选出的选手们被期待在这次夏季比赛中给我们带来荣誉。由句意可知选手们是被选出,故只有C项能在此处作后置定语。

  13.(2011·湖南,29)Do you

  wake up every morning

  ________ energetic and ready to start a new day?

  A.feel

  B.to feel

  C.feeling

  D.felt

  答案:C 本题考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:你每天早上醒来都感到精力充沛,准备开始新的一天吗?feeling energetic在句中作伴随状语。

  14.(2011·重庆,29)More TV programs,according to government officials,will be produced ________ people's concern over food safety.

  A.to raise

  B.raising

  C.to have raised

  D. having raised

  答案:A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意:根据政府官员的意见,为了提高人们对食品安全的关心意识,要制作更多的电视节目。根据句子可知,此处用不定式表目的状语。不定式的一般时态表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后,而不定式的完成时态,表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。根据语境A项正确。

  15.(2011·四川,11)Simon made a big bamboo box ________ the little sick bird till it could fly.

  A.keep

  B.kept

  C.keeping

  D.to keep

  答案:D 本题考查非谓语动词。句意:西蒙自己做了个竹子小盒,用来装那只小鸟,直到它能够飞起来。不定式to do sth.表目的。

  16.(2011·海淀第二学期期末,29)She got the photos of her son ________ up next to her desk so that she could see them whenever she missed him.

  A.to pin

  B.pinning

  C.being pinned

  D.pinned

  答案:D 句意:她把儿子的照片钉在紧靠桌子的地方以便在想他的时候能看到。考查非谓语动词作宾补。实际上是考查get sth. done结构,宾语the photos和作宾补的动词pin之间为被动关系且动作已经完成,故用过去分词作宾补。

  17.(2011·海淀第二学期期末,32)Today, people are paying more and more attention to their health, ________ books on keeping healthy extremely hot.

  A.to make

  B.make

  C.making

  D.made

  答案:C 句意:现在,人们越来越关注自身的健康,也就使得保健方面的书极其热销。考查非谓语动词作状语。此处用现在分词短语表示顺其自然的结果,故选C。易错选A。忽略不定式表示的是出乎意料的结果而误选。

  18.(2011·海淀第二学期期末,33)—What else do we need for this trip besides food to eat and special clothes to wear?

  —A tent ________ in.

  A.sleep

  B.sleeping

  C.to sleep

  D.slept

  答案:C 句意:——除了吃的食物和穿的衣服外,这次旅行我们还需要别的什么?——一顶用来休息的帐篷。考查非谓语动词作定语。此处表示未来的动作,故需用不定式作后置定语,此处不定式短语to sleep in和它所修饰的名词tent之间为动宾关系。易错选D。只是想当然地认为tent和sleep之间为被动关系,而没有意识到sleep的主语只能是人而误选。

  19.(2011·海淀期中,33)—Well, a soup, a salad, and anything ________, sir?

  —An apple pie, please.

  A.follows

  B.to follow

  C.followed

  D.following

  答案:B 句意:——好的,一份汤,一份沙拉,还要别的什么吗,先生?——一个苹果馅饼。考查非谓语动词作定语。此处指“还有没有要的东西”故用不定式作定语。易错选C。没有意识到语境中指“将来”,单从语法的角度考虑,认为anything和follow之间为被动关系而误选。

  20.(2011·东城练习二,23)She seems to prefer ______ __ American TV Shows to talking to me.

  A.to watch

  B.to be watching

  C.watching

  D.having watched

  答案:C 句意:她似乎更喜欢看美国电视节目,而不愿意和我说话。考查非谓语动词。prefer doing to doing“喜欢做……胜于……”。易错选A。混淆了prefer的两种形式,prefer doing to doing=prefer to do rather than do。

  21.(2011·东城练习二,29)________ her emotion, she buried her face in her hands.

  A.Controlled

  B.To control

  C.Being controlled

  D.Having controlled

  答案:B 句意:为了控制自己的情绪,她用手捂住了脸。考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式放在句首表目的。

  22.(2011·东城练习二,31)________ their final medical check, the astronauts boarded their spacecraft.

  A.Received

  B.Being received

  C.To receive

  D.Having received

  答案:D 句意:接受了最后的体格检查后,宇航员们登上了宇宙飞船。考查非谓语动词作状语。宇航员和动词receive“接受”之间是主动关系,又因为接受检查在前,登船在后,所以用了现在分词的完成式。

  23.(2011·西城二模,23)—What's wrong with your iPad? The sound ________ is not clear.

  —Yes. It has been broken for some time.

  A.come out

  B.coming out

  C.to come out

  D.came out

  答案:B 句意:——你的苹果平板电脑出什么毛病了?放出的声音不清晰。——是的,它已经坏了一段时间了。考查非谓语动词作定语。因为主语sound和动词短语come out之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式作定语。选B。

  24.(2011·西城二模,27)With a lot of tough problems ______, the pilot was still calm, cool and active under presure.

  A.solve

  B.solved

  C.solving

  D.to solve

  答案:D 句意:尽管有好多的难题要解决,那位飞行员面对压力依然平静、冷静、灵活。考查with的复合结构。在with复合结构中用不定式主动形式作宾补,也有人认为是不定式的主动形式作定语表示将来,构成with sth. to do结构作状语。

  25.(2011·西城二模,31)More than a quarter of the energy ________ in the United States goes to moving people and goods from one place to another.

  A.using

  B.used

  C.to use

  D.use

  答案:B 句意:在美国四分之一以上的能源被用于把人们和货物从一个地方移到另一个地方。考查非谓语动词作定语。energy和use之间是被动关系,故用过去分词短语作定语,选B。

  26.(2011·天津十二区县联考一,6)A strong earthquake ________ widespread destruction in the city center hit New Zealand south Island city of Christchurch.

  A.caused

  B.to cause

  C.causing

  D.to have caused

  答案:C 句意:一场在市中心造成广泛破坏的强烈的地震袭击了新西兰南岛城市克莱斯特切奇。考查非谓语动词作定语。因动词cause与其逻辑主语earthquake之间为主动关系,故此处用动词的现在分词作定语。易错选B、D。易忽略不定式的一般式作定语表示将来而误选B;易忽略不定式的完成式说明不定式所表示的动作先于主句谓语动词hit所表动作而出现“地震前就造成破坏”的逻辑错误而误选D。

  27.(2011·天津十二区县联考一,7)________, and the housing problems for low­income families in this area could be settled.

  A.If we double our efforts

  B.Unless we make every effort

  C.Make more efforts

  D.Making greater efforts

  答案:C 句意:如果做出更多的努力,这个地区低收入家庭的住房问题就可能得到解决。考查特殊句式。“祈使句+and+含情态动词的陈述句或一般将来时的陈述句”是表示前因后果的一个句式,在此句式中,祈使句相当于一个由if引导的条件句,and表示前后是统一关系。如:Study hard, and you will succeed one day.=If you study hard, you will succeed one day.。

  28.(2011·重庆二诊,26)Group­buying websites have appeared, ________ as agents between buyers and sellers.

  A.served

  B.serving

  C.to serve

  D.having served

  答案:B 句意:作为消费者和销售者之间代理商的团购网站已经出现了。考查非谓语动词作结果状语。此处用现在分词表示顺其自然的结果。易错选C。忽略空格前的逗号,认为是不定式作目的状语而误选。

  29.(2011·重庆二诊,33)________ regular Internet users, kids who are heavy users or non­users are more likely to be depressed.

  A.Comparing with

  B.Compared with

  C.To compare with

  D.Being compared with

  答案:B 句意:和那些经常使用网络的人相比,有网瘾的孩子或不上网的孩子更有可能感到沮丧。考查分词短语作比较状语。compare和with直接连用构成短语时,只有一种形式:compared with,因为比较和被比较都是相互的,即互为被比较对象,相当于when A is compared with B,故选B。

  30.(2011·东北三校二模,28)The noise from the top floor, loud and constant, of the meeting­room ________ can be clearly heard in our classroom.

  A.being decorated

  B.having been decorated

  C.to be decorated

  D.decorated

  答案:A 句意:在我们教室能清晰地听到会议室顶楼装修的声音,既刺耳又连续不断。考查非谓语动词作定语。会议室和装修之间存在被动关系,又由语境可知此处强调正在进行,故选A。易错选D。D项强调被动、完成,和句子语境矛盾。

  31.(2011·沈阳二模,3)If you are not satisfied with the price ________, we can still discuss it.

  A.being offered

  B.to offer

  C.offering

  D.offered

  答案:D 句意:如果你对所提供的价格不满意,我们还可以讨论。be satisfied with...“对……满意”。考查非谓语动词作定语。price和offer之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。易错选A、C。没有意识到being offered为正在进行的被动动作,而语境表示“已提出的价格”而误选A;受offer“主动提供/出”词义的影响,没有意识到price和offer之间为被动关系而误选C。

  32.(2011·沈阳二模,6)What is the best way you can imagine ________ the overuse of water in our school?

  A.reducing

  B.to reduce

  C.reduced

  D.reduce

  答案:B 句意:你能想出的减少学校滥用水的最好的方法是什么?考查非谓语动词作定语。此处为不定式作定语,you can imagine为省去了关系代词that/which的定语从句修饰先行词way,省略的关系代词在定语从句中作动词imagine的宾语。若将定语从句去掉,则答案很明朗。the way后跟to do/of doing作定语。易错选A。此项为陷阱题。认为imagine后跟动名词作宾语,忽略you can imagine为省略了作宾语的关系代词的定语从句而误选。

  33.(2011·石家庄二模,12)With no one ________ them, the two thieves stole into the house.

  A.watch

  B.watching

  C.watches

  D.watched

  答案:B 句意:没有人注意他们,那两个贼偷偷溜进那所房子。考查with复合结构中作宾补的结构的选择。因宾语no one和watch之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。选B。易错选C。没有意识到是选择作宾补的结构而误选谓语动词。

  34.(2011·石家庄二模,17)Before you decide to leave your job, ________ the effect it will have on your family.

  A.consider

  B.considering

  C.to consider

  D.considered

  答案:A 句意:在你做出辞职决定之前,考虑一下辞职将给你的家庭带来的影响。考查祈使句。主句为祈使句。祈使句通常省略主语you,而以动词原形开头,故选A。

  35.(2011·石家庄二模,19)—You should have helped your mom wash the dishes.

  —I meant ________. But she is always telling me to study.

  A.to do

  B.to

  C.doing so

  D.doing

  答案:B 句意:——你本应该帮助你妈妈洗碗。——我原打算这样做的但是妈妈总是要我去学习。考查不定式的省略,故选B。mean to+v.意欲/打算做某事。to do不定式只保留不定式符号to;to be不定式要保留be动词;不定式的完成式要保留到to have。

  36.(2011·太原基础知识测试,25)During the lecture, the foreign teacher managed to make herself ________ using very simple English.

  A.understood

  B.understand

  C.understanding

  D.to understand

  答案:A 句意:在演讲中,那位外籍教师使用很简单的英语想方设法把自己的意思表达清楚。考查非谓语动词。make+oneself+v.­ed“使某人自己被……”,其中过去分词作宾补。

  37.(2011·河南示范高中适应性测试,27)A study ________ by Allan Lucks, director of Big Brothers Big Sisters, found volunteers had better health than non­volunteers.

  A.was led

  B.led

  C.leading

  D.was leading

  答案:B 句意:一项由Big Brothers Big Sisters的主管Allan Lucks领导的研究发现志愿者比非志愿者更健康。考查动词和非谓语动词的用法。句子的主干为:a study found volunteers had better health than non­volunteers。主语a study后跟一个定语,a study和动词lead之间为被动关系,故排除现在分词leading,用过去分词led构成的分词短语作定语;若在A项前加关系代词that/which构成定语从句作定语亦可。

  38.(2011·济南4月模拟,30)A terrible earthquake hit Japan, ________ thousands of deaths.

  A.caused

  B.to cause

  C.causing

  D.having caused

  答案:C 句意:一场可怕的地震袭击了日本,造成了成千上万人的死亡。考查非谓语动词作状语。此处用现在分词表示自然而然的结果。易错选B、D。没有注意到语境中的a terrible earthquake,认为是出乎意料的结果而误用了不定式;认为语境为“已经造成……”而没有意识到现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在主句谓语动词之前而误选D。

  39.(2011·济南一模,27)Some people try knocking me down, only ________ me more determined to do better.

  A.to make

  B.makes

  C.having made

  D.made

  答案:A 句意:有些人试图把我击倒,这只能使我更坚定把事情做得更好。考查非谓语动词作状语。此处用不定式表示出乎意料的结果,故选A。

  40.(2011·济南一模,34)Before us lies the biggest room, ________ with things like guns, dolls and old clothes.

  A.filling

  B.filled

  C.being filled

  D.having been filled

  答案:B 句意:在我们面前是最大的一间房子,里面满是像枪支、洋娃娃和旧衣物这样的东西。考查非谓语动词作定语。因为fill和room之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。相当于which was filled with...易错选C、D。C项表示正进行的被动动作,不符合语境;D项的having been filled尽管在意思上表示“被动、完成”相当于过去分词的功能,但是这种形式不能作定语。

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