高考英语复习完形填空：考点解析说明文8

　　完形填空题型一突破(二)—说明文

　　1．说明型完形填空的特点

　　(1)从其类别上看说明文一般有三类：

　　①实体说明文。实体是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品,包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。

　　②事理说明文。事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等,包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。

　　③文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化,进而编成故事,对其进行介绍。

　　(2)在说明型完形填空中,作者一般首先提出一个要说明的对象,如：某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动,然后按照时间、空间、事情发展的顺序、步骤,再运用举例、对比等方式进行介绍或说明。通过阅读这样的文章,读者就会明白某种道理、掌握某种技巧或学会某种方法。

　　2．说明型完形填空的备考策略

　　(1)分清说明对象,对症下药

　　做说明型完形填空时,要注意它的说明对象是什么,是具体的实物还是理论性的概念。一般来说,在描述具体的实物时往往比较直观形象,我们很容易在头脑中产生所描述物体的影像,所以对文章的理解就比较容易；而在描述理论性的概念时,往往比较抽象,理解难度大。

　　(2)把握说明顺序,顺藤摸瓜

　　说明文的说明顺序有如下几种：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序、认识顺序等。

　　①时间顺序是指先后顺序。

　　②空间顺序是指从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外的顺序。

　　③逻辑顺序是指先因后果或先果后因、先主后次的顺序。

　　④认识顺序是指由此及彼、由浅入深、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象的顺序。

　　做题时弄清了说明顺序,按顺序思考,就不会偏离主题,出现理解上的偏差。

　　(3)代入空格,验证答案

　　完成了上两步后,别忘了还有“润色”。这里所说的 “润色”是指：我们要回过头来,依照文章的内容,将我们选择的答案代入各空,看一下我们所选的答案是否符合逻辑。要注意的是,有时我们的答案针对这一空是对的,但很可能这一步骤应该是下一步要做的。这样我们就要进行调整,直到文章上下通达,步骤先后顺序清晰明了为止。

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　　(2010·株州一次调研)

　　Yes,it is.A recent study arranged by Kleenex on how the British express their emotions　3　that 95 percent of them still contain their emotions.

　　Moreover,　4　72 percent think this is unhealthy,19 percent can’t remember the last time they “let it out”．As a result,Kleenex is starting the “Let It Out” campaign that　5　Britons to grab a tissue and have a good cry.

　　These days,however,the male Briton’s attitude toward crying is changing.Though the majority still　6　to open up emotionally,a 2004 study by Oxford’s Social Issues Research Center found that 77 percent of British men considered crying in public increasingly acceptable.Half of London males admitted crying in front of their mothers.Scotsmen are the least emotional,although they are most　7　to cry at weddings.

　　Peter Marsh,director of the center,said：“Crying can now indicate sensitivity rather than

　　　8　.Like David Beckham,crying because you’re dropping off your boy at nursery isn’t seen as weak.”

　　Winston Churchill was said to be a　9　crier,shedding tears at seeing a survivor in an air raid shelter (防空洞),and when he saw his wife after a long　10　.

　　Psychologists say that while society has accepted that men can cry,there are　11　.Ronald Bracey,a consulting psychologist,said：“If a man began to cry when he was having stitches (缝针) in hospital,he would be considered as a weak man.Men still need to be seen as strong when it

　　　12　to physical pain.”

　　1．A.win

　　B．defeat

　　C．own

　　D．receive

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词。赢得世界杯,要用win。defeat击败,打败,宾语多为人或队等；own拥有；receive收到,接到；win表示“赢得(比赛等)”,故选win。

　　2．A.Inside B．Over

　　C．BeforeD．Half

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查介词。over the centuries意思是“在这些世纪中”。over有“在……期间”之意,符合句意。inside“在……里面”和before“在……以前”通常不与centuries搭配；由文中无法推理出half the centuries。

　　3．A.requires

　　B．insists

　　C．exhibits D．reveals

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查动词。分析句子成分可知,此处应选择的是主语study的谓语动词。此处意为：研究表明95%的男士仍然会克制自己的感情。结合选项可以判断reveal合适,表示“揭示,表明”。require需要；要求；命令；insist坚持；exhibit展出,陈列,均不符合句意。4．A.while

　　B．because C．since

　　D．for

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查逻辑关系。通观全句可知,上下文为转折关系,即“尽管72%的人认为这是不健康的,但是19%的人记不起他们上一次发泄自己情感的时间了”。while可以表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。because/since/for都可以表示原因。

　　5．A.persuades

　　B．allows

　　C．ordersD．encourages

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查动词。这项活动的目的显然是要鼓励(encourage)英国人发泄出来自己的情绪。说服(persuade)；允许(allow)；命令(order)三项与语境不符,并非一定要说服英国人哭,也不是别人允许才能哭,更没人命令谁去哭。

　　6．A.frightens

　　B．struggles

　　C．fightsD．breaks

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查行文逻辑。句意为：尽管大部分人仍然需要做出很大努力才能公开表露自己的情感,但77%的英国男士已经认为当众流泪逐渐可以接受了。struggle to do sth.努力、尽力去做某事。frighten使惊恐；fight打仗,搏斗；break打破；违背,均与语境不符。

　　7．A.surely

　　B．certainly C．possibly

　　D．likely

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查逻辑关系。be likely to do...可能会……。句意为：苏格兰男士是最不情绪化的,尽管他们最有可能在婚礼上流泪哭泣。possibly为副词,无be possibly to do结构；surely,certainly语气太过强烈,过于绝对化。

　　8．A.weakness

　　B．strength

　　C．bravery D．horror

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查逻辑关系。由rather than可知其前后的词为对立关系,即“现在哭泣可以表明敏感而不是软弱”。horror惊恐,恐怖,不符合语境。力量(strength)；勇敢(bravery)二者是近义词,均无法与sensitivity构成对比,可以排除。

　　9．A.brave

　　B．frequent

　　C．seldom

　　D．kind

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查语境。从下文可知,丘吉尔就是一个经常流泪的人,故选frequent(频繁的)。brave勇敢的；seldom很少,恰好与句意相反；kind意为“好心的,和蔼的”,均与文意不符。

　　10．A.absence

　　B．presence

　　C．battle D．reserve

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查语境。根据上下文可以推理出此处应是离开家很长时间之后见到妻子,故选absence,表示“缺席,不在”。presence出席,到场；存在；battle战役；reserve预备军；储备(物)。

　　11．A.expectations

　　B．limitsC．rules

　　D．exceptions

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查逻辑关系。心理学家说尽管社会已经接受了男人同样可以哭泣,但还是有限度的,故用limits,表示“界限,限度”。expectation预期；rule规则,章程；exception例外的人(或事物),例外,均与句意不符。

　　12．A.comes

　　B．happens

　　C．lies

　　D．goes

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查固定搭配。when it comes to...为固定搭配,意思是“当说到……的时候”。句意为：当说到身体上痛苦的时候,男人仍然需要被看作是坚强的。2

　　He has beencalled the“missing link”．Half man,half beast.He is

　　supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world—Mount Everest.

　　He is known as the Abominable Snowman.The

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　　of the Snowman has been around for many years.Climbers in the 1920s reported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of Mount Everest.The native people said they

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　　this creature and called it the“Yeti”,and they said that they had

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　　caught Yetis on two occasions (场合) though none has ever been produced as evidence.

　　Over the years,the story of the Yetis has.In 1951,Eric Shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest.Shipton believed that they were not

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　　the tracks of a monkey or a bear and felt that the Abominable Snowman might really

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　　.

　　Further efforts have been made to find out about Yetis.But the only things people have ever found were

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　　footprints.Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks,which had been made

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　　as they melted (融化) and refroze in the snow.However,in 1964,a Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman wasand was a remaining link with the prehistoric (史前) humans.But,again,no evidence has ever10

　　been produced.

　　These days,only a few people continue to take the story of the Abominable Snowman seriously.But if they ever

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　　catching one,they may face a real problem：Would they put it in a12

　　or give it a room in a hotel?

　　1．A.event

　　B．story C．adventure

　　D．description

　　答案　B

　　解析　从下文“Over the years,the story of the Yetis has ________”和“These days,only a few people continue to take the story of the Abominable Snowman seriously.”就不难看出此空应填story。

　　2．A.heard from B．cared forC．knew of

　　D．read about

　　答案　C

　　解析　hear from接到……的信；care for关心；照顾；喜欢；know of知道,听说(不一定见过或认识)；read about谈到,获悉。短文第二段中“...they said that they had ________ caught Yetis on two occasions (场合) though none has ever been produced as evidence.”说明了人们对珠穆朗玛峰上雪人的存在只不过是听说而已,却拿不出任何证据,故最佳答案应该选C。

　　3．A. even

　　B．hardly C．certainly D．probably

　　答案　A

　　解析　上文“...they said that they had ________caught Yetis on two occasions(场合)”是当地人叙述雪人存在的一种更为真实的情况,因此此空应填副词even,意思是“甚至”,用来加强语气,强调谓语动词。

　　4．A.developed

　　B．changedC．occurred(发生) D．continued

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据短文第二段的叙述,说明了珠穆朗玛峰上雪人故事的发展情况,故此空应填continued。

　　5．A.surely

　　B．naturallyC．clearly

　　D．simply

　　答案　D

　　解析　四个选项的副词意思分别为：surely肯定地；naturally自然地；clearly清楚地；simply只是,仅仅。如果填入前三个,则在某种程度上肯定了Eric Shipton在珠穆朗玛峰雪地里所拍摄的足迹是猴子或熊留下的。这与下文“the Abominable Snowman might really ________”所表达的意思不符,所以此空只能填simply。

　　6．A.exist

　　B．leave

　　C．disappear

　　D．return

　　答案　A

　　解析　exist存在；leave离开；disappear消失；return返回。由前一个宾语从句“that they were not ________ the tracks of a monkey or a bear”可以判断出此空应填exist,即Shipton认为在珠穆朗玛峰上,雪人很可能真正存在。

　　7．A.clearer

　　B．more

　　C．possible

　　D．fewer

　　答案　B

　　解析　根据该空所在段的首句“Further efforts have been made to find out about Yetis.”及下文“Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks...”就可以判断出此空应填more,说明人们在弄清雪人真相的努力中,所发现的惟一东西仅仅是更多的脚印,故此空应填more。

　　8．A.strange

　　B．largeC．deep

　　D．small

　　答案　B

　　解析　“...as they melted(融化) and refroze in the snow”清楚地阐述了人们发现的更多的脚印要比普通的动物足迹大的原因。此空应填形容词large。答对该题需要知道：雪上较深些的印痕经过融化和冻结会变得更大一些。

　　9．A.imagined

　　B．real

　　C．special D．familiar

　　答案　B

　　解析　前句叙述了“Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks...”,我们再根据However所表示的转折意义,就不难判断出此空应填形容词real。

　　10．A.rightly B．reallyC．usually D．specially

　　答案　B

　　解析　根据上文中上一句肯定了雪人的存在,以及根据空白处所在句子中but所表示的转折意义和again一词对雪人存在证据的再次否定,就不难判断出此空应填really。

　　11．A.succeed in B．manage toC．depend on D．join in

　　答案　A

　　解析　succeed in doing做成某事；manage to do设法做到,后接不定式；depend on依靠；join in参加。由该句的主句“...they may face a real problem：Would they put it in a ________ or give it a room in a hotel？”可以推断出,条件状语从句所假定的是成功地捉住了雪人。

　　12．A.zoo

　　B．mountain

　　C．museum

　　D．laboratory

　　答案　A

　　解析　人们对这种被认为生活在世界最高山峰——珠穆朗玛峰的所谓雪人,究竟属于人类还是属于动物还没有明确地划分出来。如果“雪人”划归人类,应该give it a room in a hotel；如果把“雪人”划归动物,自然应该放到动物园里去生活了,故此空应填zoo。3

　　The Voice of America began during World War Ⅱ.When Germany was broadcasting a radio program to get international

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　　,American officials believed they should answer the German broadcast with words that they thought were the facts of world events.The first VOA news report began with words in

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　　,“The news may be good or bad,but we shall tell you the truth.” Within a week,other VOA

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　　were broadcasting in Italian,French and English.

　　After the World War Ⅱ ended in 1945,some Americans felt VOA’s

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　　had to be changed,considering the Soviet Union became the enemy of America.They wanted to

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　　Soviet listeners.Then VOA began broadcasting in Russian.

　　In the early years VOA began adding something new to its broadcast that was

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　　“Music USA”．Another new idea came along in 1959.VOA knew that many listeners did not know enough English to completely understand its

　　English broadcast.So VOA invented a simpler kind of English,which uses about 1,500 words and is spoken

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　　.Of course,it is Special English.

　　In the

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　　of most VOA listeners,the most important program is the news report.News from around the world

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　　into the VOA news rooms in Washington 24 hours a day.It comes from VOA reporters in

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　　cities and also from other broadcasts like BBC.VOA writers and editors use these materials to

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　　news reports,which are being broadcast in 43 languages.

　　1．A.business

　　B．culture

　　C．support D．information

　　答案　C

　　解析　德国的广播节目是为了赢得世界范围的支持。

　　2．A.same

　　B．shortC．English

　　D．German

　　答案　D

　　解析　最初的节目是用德语广播的。为回应德国的广播,用德文而不是英文是自然的事。

　　3．A.stations

　　B．news

　　C．announcers D．officials

　　答案　C

　　解析　后面是主动语态,所以主语应为人而非资讯。

　　4．A.home

　　B．position

　　C．purpose

　　D．results

　　答案　C

　　解析　二战过后,VOA的目的就变了。

　　5．A.reach

　　B．satisfy

　　C．attack D．support

　　答案　A

　　解析　他们想让苏联听众收听到他们的节目。

　　6．A.known

　　B．reported

　　C．called D．printed

　　答案　C

　　解析　早期的VOA加了一些“被称为……”的音乐。

　　7．A.normal

　　B．fast

　　C．good

　　D．exact

　　答案　A

　　解析　听不懂正常英语的。

　　8．A.slowly

　　B．rapidly

　　C．normally D．loudly

　　答案　A

　　解析　广播语速比正常的速度慢。

　　9．A.pleasure

　　B．course

　　C．opinion D．advice

　　答案　C

　　解析　in the opinion of固定词组。

　　10．A.flies

　　B．sends

　　C．delivers D．pasts

　　答案　A

　　11．A.all

　　B．major

　　C．American D．news

　　答案　B

　　解析　major cities大城市。

　　12．A.broadcast

　　B．announce

　　C．translate D．prepare

　　答案　D

　　解析　用这些材料来准备他们的资讯报道。