高考英语复习完形填空：讲练解析18

　　完形填空题型二突破

　　解题技巧

　　考生在做完形填空(二)时,可以从词义、词性、词形三方面入手。

　　1．判断词义

　　即由句意判断词的意义,确定单词的含义。主要通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义,关键是找准句段间的逻辑关系和主要信息。

　　定义法：一般通过定语从句、同位语从句或词组来确定词义。这类词通常以名词居多。

　　例句：________ is a way of traveling a long time on foot instead of by car,or train.

　　答案　Hiking

　　解析　句子给要填的名词以明确的定义“一种长距离的步行旅游方式”,可见它指“远足”。

　　(2)对比法：根据对比关系来判断所缺单词的含义。通常句中含有表示对比关系的连词、副词或短语等,如however,but,on the contrary,on the other hand,or等。

　　例句：She is usually ________ for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

　　答案　punctual

　　解析　but一词表转折,因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天在第一节课上了一半才来”,因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。

　　(3)因果法：通过找准句子间存在的因果关系来判断词义。

　　例句：The lack of movement caused muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was ________.So the player could never play the sport again.

　　答案　permanent

　　解析　从后面的结果“could never play the sport again”可以推测填空处的意思为“永远的,永久的”。

　　(4)常识联想法：根据生活或科普常识来确定词义。

　　例句：Edison is famous for his hundreds of ________.

　　答案　inventions

　　解析　一见到Edison的名字,人们马上就会联想到他一生的主要成就是“发明”。

　　(5)列举法：通过后面所举的具体例子,归纳出它的属类。

　　例句：You can take any of the ________：The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in Schools,or English Learning.

　　答案　magazines

　　解析　后面举的例子都是杂志,我们可以推测出它要填的单词的词义是“杂志”。

　　(6)语境线索法：根据上下文中某些关键单词或词组,推断出所填词语的含义。

　　例句：John asked the bank for a small ________ so that he could set up his factory.答案　loan

　　解析　从句中的“asked the bank”以及“set up his factory”不难推断出填空处的意思是“贷款”。

　　2．判断词性

　　根据句子结构和功能判断是用形容词,还是副词；用动词,还是名词等。如修饰名词,前面通常用形容词或名词；修饰动词和整个句子,通常用副词；作谓语通常用动词；作主语或宾语通常用名词、代词；连系动词后面常用形容词,不用副词。

　　下面两句中要表达“生气”这种语境,就得分析它在句中的功能。

　　(1)He looked ________ at the children.

　　(2)He looked ________ at the news on the radio.

　　答案　(1)angrily　(2)angry

　　解析　第一句的looked为实义动词,后接副词。第二句的“at the news”相当于“on hearing the news”,looked为连系动词,后接形容词。

　　3．判断词形

　　英语和汉语最大的不同在于英语有词形变化。词形变化主要涉及动词、代词、形容词、副词和名词等。当确定所填的词是名词时,就要考虑是可数名词还是不可数名词,是用单数还是用复数。形容词要看是用原级,还是用比较级或最高级。如果填的是动词则要更加小心,首先要判断是充当谓语还是非谓语；如果作谓语就要考虑时态和语态等；作非谓语则要考虑是用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式形式,同时也要考虑时态和语态问题。代词则要考虑用主格还是宾格等。

　　例句：China is ________ than Japan in size.

　　答案　bigger

　　解析　根据常识我们知道,中国在面积上比日本大,故填空处单词词义是“大”,同时根据结构判断应用形容词比较级。

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　　A primary school teacher left a class of 25 pupils in tears when she told them Santa Claus does not exist.The supply teacher blurted out,“It’s your parents

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　　leave out presents on Christmas Day.” when excited youngsters got noisy as they talked about Christmas.The class of seven-year-olds at Blackshaw Lane Primary School,Royton,near Oldham,Greater Manchester burst into tears and told

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　　parents when they got home.The parents then complained about the incident and were sent a letter by the school saying the teacher had been disciplined for the gaffe (失礼)．

　　One father said,“My son came home and said that

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　　substitute teacher had told the class that Santa doesn’t exist and it’s their mum and dad that put out presents for them.”

　　“Apparently,they were all talking about Christmas and being a bit noisy.She just came straight out

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　　it.My lad was nearly in tears and

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　　was everyone else in the class—especially as it was so close to Christmas.I thought it was wrong.He was upset about it.He’s only seven-year-old.”

　　“We told him that she did not believe in Father Christmas because of her religion.A lot of parents were disgusted (厌恶) and complained

　　the school.

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　　she was a regular teacher then I think a lot

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　　would be done.”

　　1．who/that。　[考查强调句型。把本句的It’s及空格处去掉,句子的意义仍然完整,因此此句为强调句型,强调的是主语。此处意为“是你们的父母在圣诞节给你们的礼物”。]

　　2．their。　[考查形容词性物主代词。注意本句主语为集体名词“The class of seven-year-olds”。他们回家后告诉父母在学校里老师讲的话,英语中表示某人的父母时,称谓前需要加形容词性物主代词。]

　　3．his。　[考查形容词性物主代词的用法。一位父亲说,“我儿子回家说他的代课老师告诉全班同学圣诞老人不存在,是他们的父母在圣诞节给他们礼物的。”]

　　4．with。　[结合动词短语考查介词的用法。come out with的意思为“说出,提出”。句意为：看到学生有些乱,她脱口说出这句话。]

　　5．so。　[结合语境考查倒装句的用法。由语境可知前后两句话表示的意义相同,所以用so。句意为：我孩子哭了,班里的其他同学也哭了。]

　　6．to。　[结合语境考查介词的用法。complain to sb.of/about sth.意为“因某事向某人抱怨”。]

　　7．If。　[考查连词的用法。根据语境可知此处用if“如果”,引导条件状语从句。]

　　8．more。　[结合语境考查形容词的比较级。由上文可知这位老师已受到惩罚,所以如果再采取措施,也是在原来的基础上增加,所以用more。句意为：如果她是正式老师,那么我想我们会采取更多的措施。]2

　　(2010·长沙一次调研)

　　The original version was yuhumoupi—“to ask the fox for its fur”．

　　Long ago 1

　　lived a man who did everything out of wishful thinking.One day,he wanted a fur-lined jacket.He heard that a jacket made with fox’s fur was light and

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　　.So he went into the forest to look for a fox.

　　When he found

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　　,he said to him,“Mr.fox,I want to use your fur to make a nice light,warm jacket.Could you do me the

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　　of giving me your skin？” On hearing this,the fox ran away at once,thinking,“Oh,dear！ my skin was peeled off,I would surely die,and be very cold in the winter.It’s really unthinkable！” The man didn’t get the skin he wanted,and went back home.

　　that fable,people drew the idiom yuhumoupi.Its original meaning was to tell people that if they have a conflict of interest with the owner of the object they seek,they cannot achieve their goals.

　　Over the centuries,people changed “狐”—“fox” to “虎”—“tiger” which is more violent and fiercer and the phrase sounds more wishful and obviously impossible.So the idiom becomes yuhumoupi—to request evil or selfish persons to act against their own interests,

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　　,of course,is

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　　waste of time.

　　1．there。　[考查there be句型的交换形式。句意为：很久以前,有一个做事凭主观愿望的人。there lives/exists/appears...]

　　2．warm。　[考查形容词。根据第三段中的“make a nice light,warm jacket”可知此处填warm。]

　　3．one。　[考查不定代词的用法。此处用one代替上文提到的狐狸(a fox)。]

　　4．favor。　[结合语境考查动词短语。do sb.the favor of doing sth.帮某人做具体的某事。句意为：你能帮忙把你的皮给我用一下吗？]

　　5．If。　[结合语境考查连词if的用法。由本句中的“were peeled off,would surely die”可知,此处为虚拟条件句。句意为：要是我的皮被剥下来,我就会死而且冬天会非常冷。]

　　6．From。　[考查介词from的用法。本文讲述了成语典故“与狐谋皮”的来历,涉及来源出处常用from。句意为：从那个寓言故事中,人们得出了成语“与狐谋皮”。]

　　7．which。　[考查which引导非限制性定语从句。which指代上句提到的内容。此处意为“要求一个邪恶或者自私的人做危害他们利益的事,这是不可能的”。]

　　8．a。考查冠词。　[a waste of time意为“浪费时间”。]3

　　Many Chinese students studying abroad like to stay with host families to learn their languages and culture.Nowadays,many Shanghai white-collar workers have received native English-speaking international students and become their host families,too,in order to learn English from them.

　　It is usually free for foreign students to stay in a host family in Shanghai,but he/she must take

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　　the responsibility of teaching English to at least a certain member of the family.Miss Li has always worried about her limited English.“I never knew what to say to an English-speaking person.”said she.She has taken a number of English courses,but

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　　has proved to be useful.Last year,she saw

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　　advertisement recruiting(征募) host families for foreign students,and that was how Carey (from Chicago,US) came to her home.Carey is actually not a student, a manager.She stays in Li’s apartment for free,

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　　has to teach Li oral English for one hour every day.“She could hardly speak Chinese at the beginning,and we had to guess

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　　each other meant through gestures.”said Li.

　　Two months later,they could talk to each other

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　　gesticulating.Now,Li can communicate with any English-speaking person freely.About one hundred Shanghai families have received foreign boarding students,and the figure is rising.However,foreign boarding students can only help improve oral English,but

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　　examination skills.

　　1．up。　[考查动词搭配。表示“担起责任”用“take up the responsibility”。]

　　2．none。　[考查不定代词。由上下文可知“没有一个课程管用”。因此用none代替上文提到的课程。]

　　3．an。　[考查不定冠词的用法。指看到一个广告,表示泛指时用不定冠词。]

　　4．but。　[考查连词。not...but...意为“不是而是”。]

　　5．but。　[考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知,两句之间为转折关系。此处意为“但是她必须每天教授李一个小时的英语口语”。]

　　6．what。　[考查名词性从句的引导词。动词mean后缺少宾语,所以用what。what引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语。]

　　7．without。　[考查介词的用法。指“两个月后她们不需要做手势就可以交谈了”。]

　　8．not。　[考查副词的用法。全文讲的都是英语口语水平的提高,所以,应试问题就不能解决了。]4

　　(2010怀化高三检测)

　　If you’re 1

　　the more than one million workers who’ve been laid off this year,finding a new job will require a strategy that differs from a typical search.The competition may be stiffer than anything you have faced before,and you’ll likely be asked difficult questions about your dismissal.Knowing where to look,how to set yourself apart and what to say about your situation could mean the difference

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　　getting a job and sinking deeper into unemployment.

　　“A critical first step is to come to terms

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　　your job loss,”says Cynthia Shapiro,

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　　career strategist in Woodland Hills,Calif.,and author of What Does Somebody Have to Do to Get a Job Around Here.“Some people become angry,

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　　insecure.While these reactions are normal,you have to take some time

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　　mentally regroup.”says Ms.Shapiro.

　　Once you’re ready to hit the pavement,consider that the wider you can look geographically,

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　　more you can get chances.To identify employers

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　　are still hiring,start perusing local newspapers,trade magazines and business publications,advises Howard Seidel,a partner at Boston-based Essex Partners,a provider of career services.“Some stop reading newspapers because it can get depressing,”he says.“But if you keep at it,you’ll get a feel for what companies seem to be doing OK.”

　　1．among。　[考查介词。among意为“在……中”,此处意为“如果你不幸成为今年超百万失业大军中的一员”。]

　　2．between。　[考查介词。根据语境可知此处是between...and...结构。]

　　3．with。　[考查动词短语搭配。come to terms with sth.迁就顺从,接受(令人不快的事物),此处意为“关键的第一步是接受失业这一事实”。]

　　4．a。　[考查冠词。]

　　5．others。　[考查不定代词。注意常用句子搭配some...others...意为“一些其他”。]

　　6．to。　[考查不定式符号to。此处意为“你必须花点时间来调整自己的心情”。]

　　7．the。　[考查固定搭配。“the＋比较级,the＋比较级”表示“越越”。句意为：一旦你准备开始找工作,你就要想到视野越宽,机会就越多。8．that/who。　[考查关系代词。此处that/who代替前面的employers,在定语从句中作主语。]5

　　Happiness and sadness are states of human beings that define the way we view the world.It is often said 1

　　some people by nature have a sunny character.Now scientists may have discovered why.

　　Some people may be born to be happy,while

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　　are genetically negative,which scientists have suggested in a study published late February,in British journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

　　Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in determining

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　　the neurotransmitter works within the brain.Serotonin,

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　　hormone,passes chemical messages between nerve cells.It has been closely linked to mood.Several antidepressant drugs regulate serotonin levels.

　　Scientists had also identified three types of the gene.Two so-called “short” variants were linked to a higher risk of depression

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　　suicide attempts.Unlike the two “short”

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　　,the “long” variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images,such as fierce animals,and a clear liking for positive ones,such

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　　flowers.

　　Researchers

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　　the University of Essex in Britain led by Elaine Fox,showed participants a series of images.

　　1．that。　[结合语境考查名词性从句。It is said that...据说。]

　　2．others。　[结合语境考查代词。some...others...有的有的。]

　　3．how。　[结合语境考查名词性从句的引导词。]

　　4．a。　[结合语境考查不定冠词。serotonin是一种荷尔蒙。]

　　5．and。　[考查并列连词。a higher risk of depression与suicide attempts为并列关系。]

　　6．variants。　[考查上下文联系。根据上文中的“Two so-called ‘short’ variants”可知答案。]

　　7．as。　[such as例如。]

　　8．from。　[结合语境考查介词。此处意为“来自埃塞克斯大学的研究员”。]