根据近几年的高考试题可以看出,完形填空的体裁多是记叙文,故事性强,有情节,而且内容多种多样,多侧重表达西方人的风俗习惯、描写人物内心活动等。 完形填空着重考查考生的语篇理解能力,记叙文因其具备完整的故事情节和深刻的教育意义而更能体现考生的这种能力,所以2017年的高考仍然将以记叙文这种体裁为选材的重中之重。 首句是了解文章全貌的窗口,可以通过阅读首句,大致了解短文的概貌与作者的意图;同时,利用首句可以找到解题的突破口。此外,通过首句可以确定文体。 一般来说,记叙文类的文章的首句会交代4个W(when,where,who,what),说明文类的文章的首句会解释要说明的对象,议论文类的文章的首句会提出一个论点。首句往往是整篇文章的引领句,概括了整篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常有承上启下的作用,是文章发展过程中的重要线索。细读首句可以判断文章体裁,预测文章大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向,对理解全文起着至关重要的作用。所以在仔细阅读了首句后,应快速阅读全文,确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。 对文章首句的理解
【例1】 (2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)It was a busy morning,about 8∶30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital.I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment(约会) at 9∶30. The nurse had him take a
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in the waiting area,
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him it would be at least 40 minutes
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someone would be able to see him... 36.A.breathB.test
C.seat
D.break 37.A.persuading
B.promising
C.understanding
D.telling 38.A.if
B.before
C.since
D.after 【点金】 36.C。37.D。38.B。从短文的第一句话,我们可以知道事情发生的时间是早上的8∶30,地点是一家医院,而人物则是一位80多岁的老人。从下文内容可知这位老人来到医院的目的是看病,并且他赶时间,因为他在9∶30有一个约会。护士领着他来到等候区,告诉他至少要等40分钟才会有医生来为他看病,引出了下文的内容:作者因为自己的病人还没有来,主动给老人看病。 【例2】 (2010年高考四川卷)Recently,I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive,the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight
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before setting down... 21.A.mistake
B.delay
C.change
D.wind 【点金】 B。根据文段的首句“Recently,I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting.”可知作者是乘飞机去参加会议的。为后面的飞行员抱歉地告诉乘客飞机降落时间推迟提供了背景信息。由此可以得出该题填delay。mistake“错误”;change“变化”;wind“风”,均与文段的首句的意思没有太大的关联。 对语境的理解
近几年高考英语完形填空题的最大特点是——重点考查语境。所谓语境,就是指文章的上下文关系,它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。 对于记叙文,文章以叙述为主,绝大部分篇幅是作者在描述事件,较少点明作者的观点。而作者的态度及观点往往隐含在叙述中,因此,这类试题常会出现作者的态度与观点隐性的跳跃式变换,这就增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性,这就要求考生在理解上下文的基础上,通过语境辨析词语,作出选择。 完形填空题逐渐减少对语法的考查,朝着深层化和语境化的方向发展,因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文语境来揣摩作者对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中,除了把握关联词语外,还要把握作者的语气及作者对动作等的描写。 语境大致可分为三个层次:空格前后的细节内容;全文的主旨大意;作者的写作背景、写作思路及意图。所以考生在做题时,一定要从这几个方面入手,从整体上把握文章内容,弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系,同时认真比较所给选项,从中选出最符合语境的答案。
【例3】(2010年高考山东卷)...I was concentrating so much on
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the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look 45(where) I was going. I missed my partner's box altogether and 46(slipped). There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes. I could hear giggles(咯咯笑) coming from the audience, and I felt the
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rush to my face. I remembered my dance teacher had told us, “If you make a mistake, keep smiling so the audience will not
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.” I did my best to follow her 49(advice) as I continued with the routine... 44.A.containing
B.hiding
C.sharing
D.keeping 47.A.blood
B.pleasure
C.pride
D.tear 48.A.leave
B.cheer
C.believe
D.notice 【点金】 44.D。首句描述了“我”出现失误前的状态,此句句意应为“我的注意力都集中在面带笑容及昂首挺胸上以至于我没有看到我的脚伸向了哪里。”表示保持某种状态用keep,所以第44题的正确答案为D。contain“包含”;hide“隐藏”;share“分享”;keep“保持,保存”。 47.A。“我”没踩上同伴的箱子,滑倒了。
自己的表演出现了失误,肯定非常尴尬,脸涨得通红,所以此处应表示“我”能够听到观众席上传来的咯咯笑声,“我”感到血迅速涌上我的脸。所以应选择A。 48.D。根据后面的描述,“我”最终克服了自己的心理障碍完成了表演,所以此处应表示“我”记起了舞蹈老师曾经告诉我们的话:如果你出现了失误,要继续微笑下去,这样观众就不会注意到了。所以D项符合语境。 【例4】 (2010年高考天津卷)...Moody faces
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in three years,when he hopes to run the foundation fulltime. “I'm living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my 35(community) to give back,”Moody says. “If I teach a kid to fish today,he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.” 34.A.unemployment
B.challenge
C.competition
D.retirement 【点金】 D。根据空格后面的“in three years”可知是三年后,再根据后面的“run the foundation fulltime”(全职管理基金会)可知只有在退休后,才会有空闲时间,所以应选D。
【例5】 (2010年高考全国卷Ⅱ)...For him, writing was a necessity. It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch. Because we live in an age of
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communication(通讯), people often 39(forget) that they don't always have to phone or email... 38.A.poor
B.easy
C.popular
D.busy 【点金】 B。根据语境可知我们现在处在一个通讯发达的时代,用电话和电子邮件等方式联系非常容易,所以B符合语境。poor“贫穷,差的”;popular“流行的”;busy“忙碌的”,均与语境不符。 上下文呼应
近几年高考完形填空题单纯考查语法知识的题很少,多数题目必须借助对上下文的理解才能得出正确答案。短文中每个空白处所需的词和上下文在意义和结构上都有着必然的联系。因此,考生必须注意上下文的连贯性及逻辑性。在了解文章大意的基础上,要按文章的先后顺序,对每道题所给词语的确切含义进行分析比较,并考虑到全文的语境,做到瞻前顾后,上下文呼应,运用逻辑思维进行答题。 在解题过程中必须把握文章的走势,揣摩文章字里行间的意义,选择与作者思路或意图相吻合的选项。试题所提供的短文是一个有机整体,空白处所需词只是整体的一个组成部分,有时候,所选答案从局部看是恰当的,但从整体上看不一定是最佳答案。这时就要从短文的整体内容出发,选出符合整体语境的答案。 【例6】 (2010年高考天津卷)Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with 16(drug) and gang (团伙) problems in the schools of his community... Moody faces 34(retirement) in three years,when he hopes to run the foundation fulltime. “I'm living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my
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to give back,”Moody says. “If I teach a kid to fish today,he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.” 35.A.team
B.school
C.family
D.community 【点金】 D。此题考查上下文呼应。根据文章前两句“Robert Moody,52,is an experienced police officer.Much of his work involves dealing with drug and gang(团伙)problems in the schools of his community.”中的“community”可知D项正确,这里指他感觉自己有责任来回报社区。team“队”,school“学校”,family“家庭”与前文语境不符。 【例7】 (2010年高考陕西卷)...On the way,I 27(saw) a busker(街头艺人),with a hat in front of him... He 30(looked) like that type-young and ragged.31(But) what was I going to spend the money on? Only to feed my addiction to CocaCola or chocolate! I then 32(realized) I had no right to place myself above 33(him) just because he was busking. I 34(stopped) and dropped all the coins into his
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,and he smiled at me. I watched for a while. As 36(selfish) as it sounds,I expected something more to come from that moment—a feeling of 37(happiness) or satisfaction, for example. But nothing happened. 38(Disappointedly),
I walked off. “It proved to be a waste of
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,”I thought... 35.A.
rag
B.hat
C.pocket
D.counter 39.A.words
B.effort
C.space
D.money 【点金】 35.B。本题考查上下文呼应。从文章前面的“On the way, I saw a busker(街头艺人),with a hat in front of him.”可知这里指把钱放进他的帽子里。 39.D。从文章前面的“But what was I going to spend the money on?”可得出答案。