语法单选题系列43(提高篇）
1．The human body consists of organs, each ____a definite job to do.
A. have
B. to have
C. has
D. having
【答案】D
【解析】考查独立主格结构。独立主格结构是由名词+其它成分构成，不是句子，但是作用相当于句子。本题两部分之间没有连词，说明后半部分不是句子，而是短语。排除AC。Each与have构成主动关系，故使用现在分词的形式。each having a definite job to do=and each has a definite job to do.故D 正确。
2． Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?
A. at
B. on
C. to
D. across
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词辨析。At在…方面；on在…上；to…对…;across横过…；在…对面；句意：你认为这件衬衫在过肩膀的地方太紧了是吧？根据句意说明D正确。
3．As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, ______．
A．Paris is the largest
B．Paris the largest
C．Paris to be the largest
D．Paris be the largest
【解析】：考查独立主格结构。两部分之间没有连接词，说明后面不能是句子，只能是短语，作用相当于句子。Paris the largest= and Paris is the largest.故B正确。
4．In the reading-room, we found Winifred ____at a desk, with her attention _____on a novel．
A．sitting; fixing
B．seating; fixed
C．sitting; fixed
D．seated; fixing
【解析】：考查补足语用法。第一空是对Winifred进行补充说明，Winifred与sit构成主动关系，使用现在分词的形式，或者使用形容词seated。第二空是with的复合结构，her attention与fix构成被动关系，故使用过去分词的形式。句意：在阅览室里，我们发现Winifred坐在桌子旁边，注意力集中在一本小说上。故C正确。
5．For quite a few students, their teacher’s advice is more important than _______ of their parents’.
A. one
B. that
C. it
D. any
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。One指代可数名词单数，表泛指。That指代可数名词单数或者不可数名词，后面一定要有定语修饰，表特指。It指代上文出现的同一事物。Any一些事物。句意：对于很多学生来说，他们老师的建议要比父母的建议更重要。That指代advice后面有定语修饰。故B正确。
6．She suddenly saw him standing in the crowed, his eyes______ her like they had in school.
A. stared at
B. staring at
C. being stared at
D. to stare at
【答案】B
【解析】考查独立主格结构。独立主格结构不是句子，是一个短语，但是它的作用就相当于句子。本题两部分之间缺少连词，说明后半部分不是句子，his eyes与stare at之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词的形式，故B正确。
7．“Shall I give the dog a chocolate?”
“It’s better _________.”
A. not to B. to not C. don’t D. can’t
【答案】A
【解析】为It’s better not to give the dog a chocolate 之省略。注意，不定式的否定式要将not 置于不定式符号to 之前，而不是之后。
You must get the work ___ before Friday.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. done
【答案】：D
【解析】：考查固定用法。Get sth done让某事被做。句意：你一定要在周五之前把工作完成。故D正确。
9．---Where did you buy the T-shirt?
---It was in the shopping mall _____ my mother works.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. from which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句和强调句型。本题容易错选A项。定语从句where my mother works修饰先行词the shopping mall，在works后面省略了强调句的后半句I bought the T-shirt.句意：—你在哪里买到那件T恤的？—就是在我妈妈工作的那个购物中心里我买到的。故B正确。
10．On our arrival, we found Tom _____at the desk and ______a letter.
A. seated, wrote
B. sitting, written
C. seating, writing
D. seated, writing
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语补足语用法。Seat是及物动词（使…就坐）；sit是不及物动词（就坐）；seated是形容词，在句子中做宾语补足语，说明Tom的情况。第一空也可以使用sitting.Tom和write构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词的形式。句意：我们一到达，就发现Tom在桌子旁边在写信。
11．In order to improve English, _______.
A.Jeo’s father bought her lots of tapes
B.Jeo bought lots of tapes for herself
C.Lots of tapes were bought by Jeo D.Lots of tapes were bought by Jeo’s father
【答案】B
【解析】考查分词做状语的用法。当分词做状语的时候，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。本题不定式短语in order to improve…在句子做目的状语，其逻辑主语是Joe，必须是后面主句的主语，故B正确。
12．While cleaning the snow on the road, _________.
A. a wallet was found on the ground.
B. a wallet appeared on the ground.
C. I found a wallet lying on the ground. D. I found a wallet laid on the ground.
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的一致的时候，且谓语动词为be动词时，可以把主语和系动词一起省略。Cleaning的逻辑主语是I，必须是句子的主语。排除AB。Lie与wallet构成主动关系，使用现在分词。排除D项。句意：当我在清扫路上的积雪的时候，我注意到一个钱包躺在地上。故C正确。
13．Mr. Smith suggested the problem worth paying attention ______ at the meeting.
A. to be discussed
B. to being discussed
C. being discussed
D. be discussed
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子结构和语态。形容词短语：worth paying attention to修饰名词the problem.suggest（建议）后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略本题的be discussed前面就省略了should。根据句意说明应该使用被动语态。句意：斯密斯先生建议值得注意的那个问题应该在会议上被讨论。故A正确。
14．—The English exam is not difficult, is it?
—______. Even Tom ______ to the top students failed in it.
A. Yes; belongs
B. No; belonged
C. Yes; belonging
D. No; belonging
【答案】C
【解析】考查反义疑问句的回答，已经现在分词做定语用法。如果反义疑问句是前否定后肯定，在翻译的时候，yes要翻译为：不‘；no要翻译为：是的。Belong to没有被动语态，所以belonging to修饰Tom.句意：—英语考试不难。是吗？—不，即使是属于优秀生的Tom也没有及格。故C正确。
15．The next thing he saw was smoke ________ from behind the house.
A rose
B to rise
C rising
D risen
【答案】C
【解析】考查分词短语做定语用法。Rising from the house修饰名词smoke,smoke与rise两者之间存在着主动关系，故使用现在分词的形式。句意：他接下来看见的事情是房子后面升起的烟。故C正确。
16．_________ that government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A Convincing
B Convinced
C To convince
D Having convinced
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词用法。形容词Convinced相信的；对主语people情况进行说明。句意：相信我们政府能够带领度过经济危机，人们对我们国家的未来很乐观。故B正确。
17．Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, _________ the land a happy home for the local people.
A made
B having made
C making
D to make
【答案】C
【解析】考查分词做结果状语。现在分词doing表示意料之中的结果；不定式to do sth与only连用表示意料之外的结果。句意：大自然给香格里拉提供了无尽的自然美景，让这片土地成为当地人幸福的家园。由上下文可知大自然给香格里拉无尽的美景，那么当地人过的幸福是很自然的事情，故是意料之中的结果。C正确。
18．__________hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A
Whatever
B Whichever
C However
D Whenever
【答案】：C
【解析】：考查让步状语从句。关键词是后面的hard,说明前面应该是however，ABD项后面不能接形容词。However后面接形容词或者副词，表示让步。句意：无论你多么努力，如果不减少食量，要减肥都是很困难的。故C正确。
Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ________.
A. if not managed carefully
B. if are not managed carefully
C. unless not managed carefully
D. unless are not managed carefully
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和系动词一起省略，本题if的后面省略了they are.句意：如果没有被小心处理，小小的船很容易就会翻掉。故A正确。
20．Was it in the village _______ he was born ________ the talented journalist met the retired professor?
A. that, where
B. where, which
C. which, where
D. where, that
【答案】Ｄ
【解析】考查强调句型和定语从句。定语从句where he was born修饰先行词the village,第二空的that与it was构成强调句型。句意：是在他出生的那个村子里，那位能干的记者遇见那位退休的教授吗？D正确。
21．How I wish we studied ________there are fewer exams .
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when
【答案】C
【解析】考查地点状语从句。地点状语从句Where there are fewer exams修饰动词study.句意：我多么希望我们在考试少的地方学习。故C正确。
22．The thief
, they were happy to shout loudly.
A. was caught
B. catching
C. having caught
D. caught
【答案】D
【解析】考查独立主格结构。因为本题两部分之间没有连词，所以使用独立主格结构。独立主格结构由：名词+形容词/副词/分词构成。如果名词与动词构成被动关系，就是过去分词的形式。本题的thief与catch构成被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：当贼被抓住的时候，他们开心地大喊大叫。故D正确。
23． _______ in her skirt, the little girl tried to make herself ________ at the party.
A. Dressed; notice
B. Dressing; noticed
C. Dressed; noticed
D. Dressing; noticing
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去分词用法。第一空过去分词dressed转换成形容词，构成be dressed in穿着…；本题使用形容词短语说明the little girl的情况。第二空noticed作为宾语补足语，herself与hear构成被动关系，故使用过去分词的形式。句意;穿着裙子，那个小女孩努力让自己在聚会上被别人注意到。故C正确。
24．
from the moon, our earth, with water
seven percent of its surface, appears as a “blue ball”.
A. Seeing…covered
B. Seen…covered
C. Seeing…covering
D. Seen…covering
【答案】D
【解析】考查分词做状语和非谓语动词用法。分词做状语时，如果动词与后面的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词的形式，如果构成被动关系，就使用过去分词。本题的see与our earth构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词。With符合结构中water与cover构成主动关系，则使用现在分词的形式。句意：从月球上看，因为有水覆盖着，我们的地球似乎是一个蓝色的球。故D正确。
25．Only by shouting at the top of his voice
.
A. he was able to make himself hear
B. he was able to make himself heard
C. was he able to make himself hear
D. was he able to make himself heard
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句和非谓语动词用法。Only放在句首，且强调状语时，后面使用部分倒装的形式。排除AB。Make herself heard让自己被听见，herself与hear构成被动关系，故使用过去分词。本题only后面接By短语做方式装语。句意：只有用最大的声音，她才能让自己被听见。故D正确。
26．Your time should be made full use of ________ English well.
A. learning
B. to learn
C. learn
D. to learning
【答案】：Ｂ
【解析】：考查句子结构。ｍake use of的宾语是your time,不定式在句子做目的状语。句意：为了学好英语，你的时间应该被充分利用。
27．_____ the old man’s sons wanted to know was ____ the gold had been hidden.
A. What; where
B. That; what
C. What; that
D. That; which
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。What引导主语从句what the old man’s sons wanted to know在句中做know的宾语。Where引导表语从句where the gold had been hidden指埋黄金的地方。句意：老人的儿子想知道的是黄金被埋的地方。故A正确。
28．You won’t be______ by the host to the wedding ______ you are a good friend of his.
A. advised; unless
B. admitted; if
C. invited; unless
D. impressed; if
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析和unless用法。Advise建议；admit承认；invite邀请；impress留下印象；Unless如果…不…句意：如果你不是他的好朋友，你是不会被邀请作为他婚礼的主持人的。故C正确。
29．I ______ to the lecture that afternoon, but I ______ a bit ill.
A. should have gone; was
B. would have gone; had been
C. should go; was
D. would go; had been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据时间状语that afternoon可知是对过去的情况比赛虚拟，使用情态动词+have done,排除CD。Should have done本应该做某事，实际上却未坐；would have done会做某事。But后面的句子应该使用陈述语序，根据前句的that night可知后半句使用过去时。故A正确。
30．What worried the mother most was __________ the Internet after class in this school.
A. her son’s not forbidding surfing
B. her son’s not being forbidden to surf
C. her son’s being not forbidden to surf
D. her son’s having not forbidden surfing
【答案】：B
【解析】：考查动名词的复合结构和动词用法。动名词的否定式是在动名词前面加not，所有格是在前面加形容词行物主动词。Forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事，本题考查了被动形式。句意：最让这位母亲担心的是她的儿子在学校下课以后没有被禁止去网吧。故B正确。