◆ ever before;ever since;ever after
ever since意为“从……之后一直”,其中的since既可作副词,也可作连词,该短语与完成时连用。有时ever可以省略。
ever before意为“比以往任何时候”,其中的before为副词,常与比较级连用并放在than之后。ever用来加强before的语气,before有时可以省略。
ever after意为“从那以后”,其中的after可作连词,也可作副词,该短语常与过去时连用。 [EXERCISES] 1.He went to Tibet in 1969 and has lived there ____. 2.The flowers grow more beautiful than ____. 3.The couple lived a hard life ____. ANSWER: 1.ever since 2.ever before 3.ever after
except/but
二者意思均为:除……之外。except强调所除外的人(或事物);而but则将重点置于其他人(或事物)。 如:We all passed the exam except Tom.除了汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。(汤姆一人不及格) Nobody knew her name but me.除我以外,没有人知道他的名字。(强调除“我”知道外,其他人都不知道)
except前常有all,any,every,no及其复合词等;but也常与no,nobody,nothing,all,anywhere等词连用。二者后都可接名词、代词、动词的ing形式和原形动词,可以互换;但except后还可跟副词、介词短语等,此时,不能用but来代替。 如:He answered all the questions except/but the last one.除最后一个问题没答外,其余问题他都答了。 He has always been in high spirits except recently.除近来外,他总是精神饱满。(except后跟副词) The window is never opened except in summer.除夏季外,这扇窗户从来不开。(except后跟介词短语)
except,but用于否定句时,可以互换。 如:There aren't any other people to be considered except/but you.除你之外,其他人将不予考虑。
daily; everyday; every day ◇ daily用作名词意为“日报”如:China Daily《中国日报》用作形容词,意同everyday;用作副词意同everyday。
everyday意为“每日的、日常的”,在句中作定语。everyday English=daily English日常英语;everyday life=daily life日常生活。
every day(分开写)意为“每天”,在句中作状语。如: He comes here every day.=He comes here daily.他每天来这儿。
damage; destroy; ruin 这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下:
damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如: The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt. 汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。 Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。 What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries. 他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。 Smoking has damaged his health badly. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。
damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如: The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。
destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”,一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如: The big fire destroyed the whole house. 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。 The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people. 纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如: My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。 The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。 I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man 我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。
damp wet dank moist humid 都含"潮湿的"意思。
damp指"轻度潮湿, 使人感觉不舒服的", 如: I don't like damp weather. 我不喜欢潮湿的天气。
wet 指"含水分或其他液体的"、"湿的", 如: be wet to the skin 浑身湿透。
dank 指"阴湿的", 如: a dark dank and chilly cave一个既黑暗又潮湿、又阴冷的洞。
moist指"微湿的"、"湿润的", 常含"不十分干, 此湿度是令人愉快的"意思, 如: Grasses were moist with dew. 草被露水润湿了。
humid为正式用语, 常表示"空气中湿度大的", 如: In the east, the air is humid in summer.在东方, 夏季空气潮湿。
day by day; day after day ◇ day by day意为“一天一天地”,“逐日”,表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。如: It's getting colder day by day.天气一天天冷了起来。 The boy is getting better day by day.那孩子一天天好了起来。
day after day意为“日复一日”、“一天又一天”,表示一个重复(周而复始或循环重复)的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。如: Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.日子一天天过去,仍然杳无音讯。 I have to do the work day after day.我得天天做这项工作。
deal with; do with; get rid of ◇ get rid of表示“处理”,侧重“消灭;摆脱或清除”;deal with和do with侧重“处理”的手段、方法或方式。do的后面可接宾语,deal的后面不接宾语;do with常与what连用,deal with常与how连用。 [练] If they are not coming, we can ___ the tickets. How did they ____ matters of this sort﹖ What did you ____ the broken car﹖ Mr Zhang wrote a book ____ life in England. We should ____ the weeds in the fields. (Key: get rid of ②deal with ③do with ④dealing with ⑤get rid of) ◆ demonstrate,illustrate
demonstrate 证明,论证,以科学严谨的态度,通过推理、辩论或提供证据来证明事物的正谬。illustrate 指用实物、图片等进行说明,illustrate后常用介词by,with。 A.The lecturer ____ his point with a diagram ont heblackboard. B.To ____ his arguments,he showed us a lot of facts. C.These figures clearly ___ the size of the economic problem facing the country. Answers:A.illustratedB.demonstrateC.demonstrate
discover;invent;find;find out
invent意为“发明”,指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明/创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。 Who invented the telephone? 是谁发明电话的? He invented a new teaching method.他发明了一种新的教学方法。
find意为“找到、发现”,指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西,着重指找到的结果。 We've found oil under the South Sea.我们已在南海发现了石油。 They finally found a way. 他们终于找到了办法。
discover意为“发现”, 表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误,即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物,也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。 Columbus discovered America in1492. 哥伦布1492年发现了美洲。 We soon discovered the truth. 我们很快就弄清了真相。
find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。 [EXERCISES] 1.Edison ____ the electric lamp. 2.I lost my necklace last night.I haven’t ____ it. 3.Who ____ America first? 4.Can you ____ what time the train leaves? ANSWER: 1.invented 2.found 3.discovered 4.find out
disgrace dishonor shame infamy scandal ◇ 都含“丢人”、“耻辱”的意思。
disgrace 指“失去别人的尊敬”、“因自己或别人的行为所产生的耻辱感”, 如: He was in disgrace after his ungentlemanly behavior. 他因为行为不检而为人所不齿。
dishonor指“因自己的言行而丧失自尊或玷辱名誉”, 如: His desertion to the enemy was a dishonor to his family. 他的投敌行为对他的家庭是耻辱。
shame指“由于失去自尊心而感到羞愧或羞耻”, 如 I think it a shame to be so wasteful. 我认为那样浪费太可耻了。infamy指“声名狼藉”、“臭名昭著”, 如: His name will live in infamy. 他的名字将遗臭万年。
scandal指“引起公愤的行为”、“丑事”, 如 Iran Scandal 伊朗丑闻(指美国向伊朗出售武器的秘密被揭露后, 所引起的批评)。