◆ raise; keep; support; feed 这四个词都有“抚养”、“养家”、“赡养”的意思,但也有区别。
raise意为“抚养(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”之意。如: He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago. 他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。 He raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊从小羊羔时就是他喂养的。
keep表示“养活(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”。如: John has his wife and six children to keep(support).约翰要养活妻子和六个孩子。 They kept some hens and pigs.他们养了一些鸡和猪。 support意为“养活”,不用于饲养动物。如: She supports her old mother.她赡养老母亲。 He has a large family to support.他要养活一大家子。
feed意为“喂 养 ;饲养;以……为食”。如: Have you fed the baby/cow yet?婴儿/牛喂了吗? She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.她用肉喂狗。 Foxes feed on small animals.狐狸以小动物为食。
rather than/would rather(…than)
rather than是连词,前后两端所连的词性是一致的,通常译为“而不是”或“与其说是……不如说是”,有时可用短语介词instead of替代。例如: He was writing a letter rather than=(instead of)reading the newspaper.他那时正在写信而不在看报纸。 John should go rather than=(instead of)Jean.应该去的是约翰,而不是简。 These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子谈不上漂亮,但穿起来倒很舒服。 Evans is a doctor rather than a teacher.与其说埃文斯是个老师,不如说是个医生。
would rather表示选择或主观上的愿望,其中的would亦可理解为had。它表示“宁愿、宁可”的意思。如果要把取舍的双方都表达出来,则应该用would(or:had)rather…than,表示“宁愿……也不……”的意思。例如: My aunt invited me to the film, but I said I'd rather go on a picnic with the girls. 我的姑妈邀请我去看电影,可是我说我倒愿意跟女孩子们一起去野餐。 I am sure they would(or:had)rather die than give up.我深信他们一定会宁死不屈。
refer to; refer…to ◇ refer to意为“谈及”,“提到”;“查阅”,“参考”。如: You are the very person I referred to just now.你正是我刚才所指的人。 Please refer to the map of the city when you first drive here. 当你第一次在这儿驾驶时,请参看市政地图。
refer…to意为“把……提交给”,“把……归功于”“让……处理/查找”,可用于被动语态。如: The dispute was referred to the United Nations.争端被提交联合国解决。 He referred me to the notes.他建议我参看一下注释。 We referred our great development to the correct leadership of the Party. 我们把我们所取得的巨大发展归功于党的正确领导。
reply;answer
二者均可表示“回答”,可作名词和动词。answer 为一般用语,主要用于对问题、指责等的回答;reply的用法较正式,多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。二者作名词时都指“……的答案或答复”,均与 to 连用。例如: Answer this question.回答这个问题。 I asked her the reason, but she didn’t reply. 我问她为什么,她却不回答。 I received no reply / answer to my request. 我的要求没有收到任何答复。
answer 后面可直接跟宾语,而reply 跟宾语时须与 to 连用;answer 可表示对电话、敲门等作出的“应答”,reply 则不能。例如: You must reply to/answer this letter right away. 你应当马上回复这封信。 Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?
如果是指练习题的“答案”,一般用 answer。例如: The answer to 6×10 is 60. 6乘以10 的答案是60。
reporter; journalist ◇ reporter=news reporter“资讯记者”,特指外出采访的记者。 journalist“记者”泛指资讯工作者,如报纸的编辑、采访记者、摄影记者都可以叫journalist。
road/street/way/path road意为“路”,“道路”,指供车辆或人通过的广阔平坦的大道,常指“公路”,“马路”等,两侧一般没有建筑物。例如: Jim and Li Lei meet on the road.吉姆和李雷在路上相遇。 The car is running along the road.汽车沿着这条路行驶。
street指城镇、乡村两旁有建筑物的“街道”。“在街上”可以说on the street,也可以说in the street,前者是美国英语,后者是英国英语。例如: Go along the street,and take the third turning on the right.沿着大街走,在第三个路口往右拐。There are many shops in the street. 街上有许多商店。
way意为“道路”,指street,road或任何可以通行的路,含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。way还可指路程距离。例如: How can I get there? I don't know the way. 我怎么能到达那里?我不知道路。 I asked the way to the station.我打听去车站的路。 It was a long way from here. 它离这儿很远。
path通常指“小路、小径”,只供人行走的路,可以是人们践踏而成的路,如山中、林间的羊肠小道;也可以指公园、田间的小路,还可以指供人或事物移动的“路线”等。例如: They walked along the path across the field.他们沿着穿越田野的路走去。
room;place;space
room有两层含义,一为“房间”,是可数名词;二表示人或物体所占的“空间或场所”、处事的“余地”等意思,是不可数名词,可用little,much,no,plenty等词修饰。可构成make room for给……让出地方;take up room占地方;leave room for留出空间给……等短语。
place指人们从事各种活动的“地方,场所,位置”,是可数名词,常用的短语有take one’s place就坐,入席;in place在适当的位置。 space意为“空间”,是不可数名词,表示万物存在之处;作“空隙、空白”解时,是可数名词。 [EXERCISES] 1.There isn’t ____ in the classroom for thirty desks. 2.Wuhan’s a hot ____ in summer. 3.There is ____ in improvement in your work. ANSWER: 1.space/room 2.place 3.room
run away/run after/ run through run away意为“逃走;逃跑;溜掉”等。 run after意为“追赶;追逐;寻找;搜寻”等。 run through意为“穿过;流过”等。 [EXERCISES] The dog the hare(野兔)now. The river the village. When the policeman arrived,the thief . (Keys:is running after ②runs through ③had run away)
run out; run out of ◇ run out of表示“某人用完某物”,相当于及物动词,后面可接宾语,并可用于进行时。如: We are running out of fuel.我们的燃料快用完了。
2run out指“某物用完了”,为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。如: The fuel was rapidly running out.燃料很快就要用完了。 Time is running out.时间快到了。
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