2017高考英语常见语法复习（15）

　　高考英语完形填空试题的特点 1. 取材广泛 2. 首句不设空 3. 考查实词（动词、形容词、副词、代词等）为主，虚词（连词、冠词、介词等）为辅 4. 重点考查篇章语意，即意义选择为主，语法填空极少 5. 以单词填空为主，词组和短语填空为辅 6. 选择最佳答案 ㈡ 高考完形填空的考点 ⒈ 单词考查：根据四个选项本身的意义和其变形并结合所在的句子的意思就能够做出选择。 ⒉ 搭配考查：空缺词的前后固定搭配关系决定空缺处的取舍。 ⒊ 句子考查：这一层次的考点主要是句子里的关系代词、连词等。 ⒋ 语篇考查：文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词。这一考点要求根据文章的整体内容进行理解，根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系，去选择符合文章情节的答案。 ㈢ 高考完形填空对考生的能力要求 ⒈ 根据上下文提供的语境来确定选项的能力。 ⒉ 具有较强的快速阅读和语篇的整体理解能力，能根据上下文线索通篇考虑。 ⒊ 逻辑思维能力，理解文章主题思想的能力和推理判断的能力。 ⒋ 熟练掌握并灵活运用词汇、短语的能力。 ㈣ 完形填空应试技巧概说 ⒈ 细读首句。 ⒉ 通读全文，掌握大意，粗选答案。 ⒊上下文连贯，精选答案。 ⒋ 复读全文，消除疏漏。 解题技巧祥述 一、利用语法分析解题 我们可以通过分析句子结构、确定考查的语法项目来选出答案 She said that 53 in her life had she received such good service from any business.(04辽 宁) A. only? B. almost? C. never? D. nearly 二、利用固定句型解题 有些句型在经过反复使用后，会形成一种定式，这对确定题目的答案很有帮助。 1.Everyone? was 48 afraid?? to?? go? in? because?? the?? fire was out of control so?? I? went?? in.(04重庆) 48. A. so B. much C. quite D. too 2.I was leaving 49several girls came up to me. (04年天津 ) 49.A. while B. when C. as? D. since 三、利用语境意义解题 把选项放到特定的语境里进行判别，从而选出正确答案 Two weeks later the guest received? a 48 at? her? home .In? it?? were?? photos? of? all? the? actors?? of?? our?? show personally signed? by? each? performer. There?? were? also pictures of? the? public? procession and? fireworks? in? the? park...(04福建) 48. A. film? B. card? C. camera?? D. packet 四、利用同义词、近义词或反义词的信息解题 在阅读文章过程中，有时会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词、近义词或反义 词。因此，要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推测判断，选出答案。 1. On?? 39? days, she?? wore?? heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime brought out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat polled low over her sunglasses.(04江苏) 39. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy 2. Did she have an accident?? Something worse? I?? thought to myself? about? her? 46 .Now that she was gone, I? felt? I? had known her.(04江苏) 46. A. disappearance? B. appearance C. misfortune? D. fortune 五、利用原词复现解题 完形填空试题中，某一词语常常重复出现在语篇之中，使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整而有机的意义整体 All?? of?? a? sudden? I? started? to? feel? rather 42 . She? wondered why I was looking for this? sort of? 43 I? felt?? even? more? helpless?? when? she told me? that? it? would be difficult to get a job without experience.(04广东) 42. A. encouraged? B. helpless? C. sad? D. pleased 43. A. place?? B. jobC. adviceD. help 六、利用排除法解题 有时我们会遇到这样的情况，对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白， 但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时，我们可以尝试排除法。运用排除法可将干扰项逐项检查、验证，发现错误的选项就立即剔除。 Finally?? I? was49by? his? lively sense of humor (04全国). A. disturbed?? B. moved C. attractedD. defeated 七、利用首句信息解题 完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向 We may look at the world around us，but? somehow? we? manage? not? to? see? it until? whatever we’ve? become? used? to? suddenly? disappears......she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I remember all? this? only? after? she was seen no more. It? was then? that? I? realized? how 43 I expected? to? see? her? each? morning. You? might? say?? I 44 her.(04全国) 43. A. longB. often C. soon? D. much 44. A. respected?? B. missedC. praised?? D. admired 八、利用暗示信息解题 做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面 ...he would join student groups to discuss a variety of 47 agriculture, diving? and? mathematics.(04全国) 47. A. questions?? B. subjectsC. mattersD. contents 九、利用语篇标志解题 语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。在做完形填空时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。 She told the? front-desk clerk? she? had? had?? a(n) 38 vacation butwas?? heartbrokenabout losing several? rolls of? Kodak color? film? she? had not? yet developed.(04福建) 38.A.disappointing?? B. wonderful C. uncomfortable?? D. important 十、利用文化背景和生活常识解题 在做题时，若能积极地调动自己所掌握的文化背景和生活常识知识，特别是注意中西文化的差异，并巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。 Owing springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.(04辽宁) 37. A. dry? B. distantC. deserted?? D. wild 十一、利用固定搭配解题 英语中的固定搭配种类繁多，包括各种习惯用法等。考生必须花工夫记住，做到脱口 而出。 I? admired?? the?? fact?? that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them?? 44?? the? telephone.(04全国) 44.A. with B. by C. from? D. on 十二、利用词组解题 以动词、名词和形容词为中心所构成的词组，通常为考查的重点。 Is all this pressure necessary? I 50 up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same，and two of them stopped playing football completely (2004年北京高考题). 50. A. gave? B. kept C. ended?? D. picked 十三、利用平行结构解题 “平行结构”指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率 。 __45__the wallet, found? in the? street, be put into a pocket __46 __ turned over to the policeman? Should the extra change received at the store be forgotten or returned? (1996年全国高考题) 45. A. Should B. Must? C. Would D. Need 46. A. and B. or C. then? D. but