语法分类汇编之情态动词和虚拟语气
（精校附解析）
【2017江西卷】22．We
have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t
22答案：B考点：考察情态动词的用法
解析：may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能， mustn't绝不可能
本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。
[2017湖南高考真题29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
[2017湖南高考真题29]||D||此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设
’t you see I’m on the phone?
-Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
A. Can
B. Should
C. Must
D. Would
25.【考点】情态动词用法
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：“——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
【难度】一般
【2017辽宁卷】24.
One of our rules is that every student
wear school uniform while at school.
A.
might
B.
could
C.
shall
D.
will
24、【考点】情态动词
【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
【难度】中等
1【2017四川卷】9. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.
A. must
B. might
C. can
D. should
19.【答案与解析】 might表示“可能”。故选B。
【2017陕西卷】17. If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was
B. had been
C. should be
D. would be
A10[2017陕西卷]【答案与解析】B 考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。
【2017陕西卷】23.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’t
B. can’t
C. can
D. will
A10[2017陕西卷]【答案与解析】B 考查情态动词。所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不为过，选B。
【2017北京卷】33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face
B. might face
C. could have faced
D. must have faced
33. C。虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。
【2017北京卷】35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
35. B。虚拟语气考点，对现在的虚拟用were。
【2017全国II】17. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.
A. can
B. might
C. would
D. need
【答案 【解析’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.【D】
A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered
8【2017天津卷】 It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.【C】
couldn’t
B. mustn’t C. needn’t
D. wouldn’t
【2017全国新课程】30. I
use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn't
B. mustn't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
【答案 【解析’t+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。
【考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。
【2017山东卷】30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made
B. wouldn’t make
C. didn’t make
D. hadn’t made
30.【答案解析would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。
【考点定位】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【2017福建卷】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit
D. would have visited
【考点】本题考查虚拟语气的用法
【答案】D
【解析】本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容易了。
【2017江苏卷】35. — Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It’s the best present I for.
A. should have wished B. must have wished
C. may have wished D. could have wished
35. 【考点】情态动词+完成式
【答案】D
【解析】A项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B项意为“一定希望”；C项意为“也许希望”；D项意为“可能希望”。句意为：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选D项。
【举一反三】情态动词＋have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。高考对情态动词表示虚拟‘用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should （not）have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。
.Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I______so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
【解析】该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因该吃那么多炸鸡，而实际上是吃了那么多，可以判断用shouldn’t have eaten. 答案是 C。
28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say where he was.
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't
28. 【考点】情态动词—would
【答案】C
【解析】mustn’t意为“禁止”；shouldn’t意为“不应该”；wouldn’t意为“不愿意”；mightn’t意为“或许不”。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选C项。
【难度】一般
【2017安徽卷】31. Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she
there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives
B. would live
C. having asked
D. Were to
live
D 在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用should，其他人称用would；从句中任何人称都用should,不可用would.