专题07
非谓语动词
非谓语动词的语法功能
所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语补足语 定语 状语
V-ing形式 现在分词
△
△ △ △
动名词 △ △ △
△
不定式(to do) △ △ △ △ △ △
过去分词(done)
△
△ △ △
注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分
generally speaking一般说来;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by...根据……来判断;considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……;
to tell you the truth说实话;seeing...考虑到……;supposing假设,如果;providing如果;given考虑到,鉴于;provided that如果
非谓语动词的形式变化
非谓语
形式 构成
时态 语态 复合结构 否定式
主动 被动
不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth.
或
of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not
或never
进行式 to have done to have been done
完成式 to be doing /
完成
进行式 to have been doing /
动名词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing
作主语要用
sb’s doing 在前加not
特别注意复合结构的否定式:
sb’s not doing
sb’s not having done
完成式 having done having been done
现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同
在前加not
在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个:一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。
一、谓语与非谓语的比较
非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如:他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you,而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。
例:Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend,
up in no time.
A. to stand
B. standing
C. stood
D. would stand
分析:stood是与sat并列的谓语。
非谓语语法功能的比较
做宾语的非谓语动词比较
情况 常用动词
只接不定式
做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen
只接动名词
做宾语的动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist
feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to
两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)
need, want, require(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义相反 stop to do 停止手中所做的事,去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)
remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生) go on to do(接着做另外一件事)
go on doing(接着做同一件事)
try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力)
try doing(试试去做,看有何结果) mean to do(打算做,企图做)
mean doing (意思是,意味着)
can’t help (to) do(不能帮忙做)
can’t help doing(忍不住要做) be considered to have done被认为已经做了
consider…to be认为是
consider doing考虑做某事
非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别
分
类 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例
句
不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系,强调动作将发生或已经完成
I asked to be sent to the countryside.
I heard him call me several times.
have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make
现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系,强调动作正在进行,尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio.
过去分词
动宾关系,动作已经完成,多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed.
IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别
分
类 区
别 例
句
不定式 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将来,进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生 I have a lot of papers to type.
I have a lot of papers to be typed.
I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.(介词at不能丢)
动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的主谓关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool?
现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water / the boiled water
the developing country/the developed country
the falling leaves/the fallen leaves
过去分词 与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,现已经完成或只表示状态
注意:the bridge to be built 将建造的桥,
the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥
上一篇: 2017高考英语备考复习:不规则动词表
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