B1U4
1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂，爆发
7．injure vt.损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害，损害
8．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
10．shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊
15．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
18．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
20．express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→expression n．表达→expressive adj.有表现力的
1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来
burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作
burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech
突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来
burst out crying/singing/laughing
突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来
burst in 闯入
burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支
be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)
at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下
a burst of anger 怒火的迸发
[即学即练1] (1)She burst out ______ for a while, and burst into ______ for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。
(2)We all thought his heart would burst ______ ___________________.
我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。
(3)The police ____________ and arrested the gang.
警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。
Crying laughter//with happiness//burst
in
(4)Tom is bursting ____________ his mother.
汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。
(5)There was __________________ laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
to see//a
burst
of
3．injure vt. 损害，伤害
injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害
injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
do an injury to sb.伤害某人
the injured伤员
an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情
injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感
[即学即练3](1)The boy ______ his leg.
这个男孩把腿弄伤了。
(2)Your remark may ______ her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
(3)I didn't mean to ______ her ____________.
我并未打算伤害她。
Injured//injure//do an injury
5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury oneself in study 埋头研究
bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事
be buried in thoughts 沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
be buried alive 被活埋；隐居
[即学即练5] (1)He was sitting with his head ______in a book.他坐着埋头看书。
(2)He walked slowly, his hands ______ in his pockets.
他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。
(3)After the divorce, she __________________ her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。
Buried//buried//buried herself in
提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。
6．judge v. 断定；判断；判决
n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力
judging by/from 从……上看，根据……判断
judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法
[即学即练6] (1)Don't ______ a book ______ its cover.
勿以貌取人。
(2)______________ his accent, he must be a southerner.
根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。
(3)He ________________________ the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。
Judge by//Judging from/by//Was
judged
to
be
1. ruin/destroy/damage
(1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破坏严重，强调渐渐毁坏了，多指不属于人为因素毁坏某事物，而是自然现象或客观原因改变。有“(使)破产，(使)毁灭”等意思。
(2)destroy vt. 指彻底毁坏，以致不能修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”解，还有“打破(希望、计划)”之意。
(3)damage n．&v. 表示使事物在价值、效用、外观等方面受到毁坏、损害，即部分受损，程度比 destroy 轻。
[应用1] (1)The car was only slightly __________ in the accident.
这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。
(2)That will _________ the reputation of our products.
那会毁了我们产品的声誉。
(3)The crops are nearly ______ by the continuous rain.
连续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。
Damaged//destroy//ruined
B1U5
3．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的→devotion n．奉献
4．found vt.建立；建设
10．vote vt. & vi.投票；选举
n．投票；选票；表决
11．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
15．escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
16．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育
17．beg vi. & vt.请求；乞求
2．devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于
devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的
devoteoneself time one's life
money energy＋tosth.把……用在，
doing sth. 把……献给
sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢
a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友
[即学即练2] (1)She devoted her lifetime ____________ homeless children.
她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。
(2)His whole life has been devoted ____________ the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。
(3)After he graduated, he continued to ______________
research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。
to
helping//to
studying//devote himself to
3．vote vt. & vi.投票，选举 n．投票；选票；表决
vote for投票赞成
vote against投票反对
vote on投票表决
vote...down投票击败，投票否决
vote through投票通过
put...to the vote付诸表决，裁决
[即学即练3] (1)Did you ________________________ her？你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？
(2)He ____________ the most promising new director.
他当选为最有前途的新导演。
(3)The plan was passed by 6 ____________ 3.
这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。
vote
for
or
against//was
voted//votes
to
提示：vote for表示“投票赞同”； vote against表示“投票反对”，类似结构还有“be for/against; fight for/against”。
4．equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的
n. 同等/相等的人或物
equality n. 平等
A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B
be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于；与……相等；有……的能力
(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
[即学即练4](1)He equals me ______ strength but not ______ intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。
(2)Are men equal ______ women ______ physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？
(3)She did not feel equal ____________ visitors.
她觉得自己不适合接待来客。
(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player ____________ in China.
在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。
In in//to in//to receiving//without
equal
5．escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除
n．逃跑；逸出；出口
escape from 从……逃脱，逃走
escape＋n./doing sth. 避免(做)某事
a narrow/near escape死里逃生
fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口
[即学即练5] (1)The bird has _____________ its cage.
小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。
(2)Is the gas ____________ somewhere?
是不是有地方漏气？
(3)How can we escape ___________/______________？
我们怎样才不会被人发现？
(4)His name _________ me for the moment.
我一时想不起他的名字来。
escaped
from
escaping
observation
being
observed
escapes
9．lose heart (＝be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气
lose one's heart to sth.
(＝devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到……
lose one's heart to sb. (＝fall in love with sb.)喜欢……
[即学即练9] (1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader ____________.
据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长丧失了信心。
(2)Don’t ____________； all will turn out well.
不要失去勇气，一切都会好起来的。
lost
heart//lose
heart
拓展：put one's heart into 把全部心思放在……
have sth. in one's heart 把……放在心上
have one's heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣
set one's heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事
learn...by heart 记住；背诵
take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气
10．turn to求助于；致力于
turn away拒绝，不准某人入内
turn around转身
turn down拒绝；调小
turn in上交
turn off关掉
turn on打开
turn out赶出；证明是，结果是
turn over翻身，翻转
turn up露面，出现；开大
[即学即练10] (1)Nobody seems to understand. I don’t know who to ____________.
似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。
(2)Paul __________________ alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。
(3)The job ______________________
than we thought.
这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。
(4)Why did she ____________ your invitation?
她为什么拒绝你的邀请？
turn
to//turned
to
drinking//turned
out(to be)
harder//turn
down
11．set up 设立；建立
[即学即练11] 写出下列各句中set up的意思。
(1)They set up a notice on the wall._________
(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter.
__________
(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.
____________
张贴//建立//创(纪录)
拓展：set about 开始做，着手
set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会
set back 推迟，阻碍
set down 记下；写下；规定
set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起
set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列