时态语态 时态和语态是广东高考语法填空中的必考点，每年必考1题。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点简述如下： 1. 时态。时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：
10种时态
构成(以do为例)
主要用法
一般现在时
do/does
经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态
一般过去时
did
在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态
一般将来时
will/shall do
在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态
过去将来时
would do
在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作
过去进行时
was/were doing
表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作
将来进行时
will/shall be doing
表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作
现在完成时
have/has done
表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态
过去完成时
had done
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动词，即“过去的过去”
现在完成进行时
have/has been doing
表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作
注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“be going to +动词原形”“be to+动词原形”“ be about to+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。 (2)现在进行时与always，continually，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如： He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬) 2. 语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，如一般过去时的被动语态就是“was/were+过去分词”，一般将来时的被动语态就是“will be +过去分词”。 在广东高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。 例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often
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(result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008广东) 分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词result in本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results。 例2：The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which __________ (place) under the Minister’s car. (2005广东) 分析：替代the box的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which (the box)与place (放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在was caught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been placed。 一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.The house belongs to my aunt but she ____________ (not live) here any more. (全国I) 2. This machine _______________ (not work). It hasn’t worked for years. (浙江) 3. If their marketing plans succeed, they
________________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全国Ⅱ) 4. Population experts predict that most people _____________(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春) doesn’t live
doesn’t work
will increase
will live
5. He __________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津) 6. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? —Yes, since she ___________ the Chinese Society. (宁夏) 7. Teenagers ____________(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆) 8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother __________ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南) played
joined
are damaging
was talking
9. John promised his doctor he _____________ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京) 10. By this time tomorrow, I_____________ (lie) on the beach 11. So far this year we ___________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建) would not smoke
will be lying
have seen
12. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____________ (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京) 13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ____________ (know) each other for years. (辽宁) had stayed
had known
14. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so. He _____________________ (prepare) for it for months. (江苏) 15. The telephone ________________ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川) 16. —Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______________(invite). (陕西) has been preparing
was ringing
was invited
17. —What’s that noise?
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine
_______________ (test). (浙江) 18. I like these English songs and they
___________________ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽) is being tested
have been taught
19. No decision _______________ (make) about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. (北京) 20. —Do you have any problems if you
______________(offer) this job?
—Well, I’m thinking about the salary…. (湖南) will be made
are offered
二、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上。(以动词时态为主) (1)
It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I [1]_______________(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket [2]________(take) out my key [3]______ I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I had left [4]______ on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make [5]________ difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school [6]________ now, so I knocked at the door.
was wearing
to take
but
it
any
by
There was no answer, so I knocked again. I [7]____________(continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife [8] ________ (phone) saying that she [9]_____________(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.
There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in [10]___________ a window.
continued
had phone
would go
through
(2)
When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother [1]_______________(turn) the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.
“Wouldn't it work [2]________(quick) if a machine turned the wheel for you?” he asked.
“I suppose it would,” said his mother, without [3]________(pay) him any attention.
Christopher [4]________(know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted [5]________ (help) her.
turning/turn
quicker
paying
knew
to help
Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father had bought [6] ______ as a gift. “I [7]__________________(make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother [8]____________ (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job [9]____________(finish), he was quite pleased, [10]____________(think) his mother [11]____________(like) it. him
shall/will make
was not using
was finished
thinking
would like
“Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat down and went on [12] ________ (turn) the wheel by hand. “I [13] ___________ (work) like this for too many years,” she explained. This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries [14]____________ (improve) anything [15]________(have) to learn: Many people don’t like new ideas.
turning
have been working
to improve
has
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