江苏省无锡新领航教育咨询有限公司高考英语专题复习：数词与主谓一致

　　☆1.数词在高考中的考查重点：

　　1.基数词的确指和不确指；

　　2.数词与主谓一致关系；

　　3.dozen和score的用法；

　　4.序数词与冠词的连用。

　　☆2.主谓一致在高考中的考查重点：

　　最常见的形式是主谓一致的考查；分数和百分数作主语、数量词作主语仍将是考查重点（as well as; together with; along with; not only…but also…; rather than; neither…nor…; either…or…; the number of与a number of等要特别关注）；

　　主谓一致

　　在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在逻辑意义（语法）一致、形式一致以及就近一致三个方面。

　　一、逻辑意义(语法)一致原则

　　只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数。具体表现如下：

　　1. 不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数。

　　No news is good news.

　　His task was to collect information.

　　How much machinery has been installed?

　　2. 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has not been decided yet.

　　3. “ one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。

　　Either of the stories is very funny.

　　4. something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。

　　Nothing is impossible.

　　5. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

　　Ten pounds was missing from the box.

　　6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。

　　This pair of glasses is very expensive.

　　Two series of new stamps have been ordered.

　　7. a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数。the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。

　　The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.

　　The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.

　　8. 主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)

　　Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.

　　9. “the ＋adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。

　　The disabled are well taken care of in this country.

　　The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University.

　　The new is certain to replace the old.

　　10. 分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。

　　The rest of the workers are still very tired.

　　11. 当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。

　　War and peace is a constant theme in history.

　　Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.

　　英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：

　　iron and steel 钢铁

　　law and order 治安

　　bread and butter黄油面包

　　a watch and chain 一块带链的表

　　a knife and fork 一副刀叉

　　a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣

　　aim and end 目的

　　truth and honesty 真诚

　　12. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。

　　What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.

　　13. such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。

　　Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.

　　14. quantities of ＋名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。

　　a quantity of ＋名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。

　　a quantity of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。

　　amounts of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。

　　an amount of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。

　　Every day quantities of water are wasted.

　　A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.

　　二、形式一致原则

　　1．every /each/no ＋名词＋and every/ each/ no ＋名词作主语时，谓语用单数。

　　Every boy and every girl is having sports now.

　　2．“one ＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　One apple and a half was on the table.

　　3．“more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　More than one student has failed the exam.

　　4．“many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Many a child was playing there.

　　【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。

　　三、就近一致原则

　　1. 谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, not…but…； either…or…， neither…nor…， not only…but also …等。

　　Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

　　Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.

　　2. 在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。

　　In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.

　　3. 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

　　There are twenty boy－students and twenty－three girl－students in the class.

　　4．当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。

　　Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.

　　5．在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。

　　Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.

　　模拟题

　　1．（石家庄二中2011届高三一模）Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _______ to ten Hope Schools in South China．

　　A．were sent

　　B．was sent C．have sent D．had been sent

　　【答案】B

　　2.（2011·河北正定中学第一次月考）6．It is you, rather than he, that　for the accident．

　　A．is to blame B．are to blame

　　C．is blame D．are blame

　　【答案】B

　　3.（2011·广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考）31．Between the two mountains

　　the factory where my father used to work.

　　A．stand B．stands C．to stand D．standing

　　【答案】B

　　4.（2011·浙江温州八校返校联考）34．Chen Fang , as well as his two colleagues, ________ for a trip to Tibet in a month．

　　A．goes

　　B．go

　　C．is going

　　D．are going

　　【答案】C考查主谓一致及时态。此处Chen Fang是主语，故用单数谓语动词；根据in a month可知用将来时。

　　5.（2011·四川绵阳中学第一次月考）29. Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books to Zhouqu since the mud-rock flow occurred.

　　A. has been offered

　　B. have been offered

　　C. are offered

　　D. is being offered

　　【答案】A

　　6.（2011·四川成都市摸底）32．Atlanta, as well as many other big cities,

　　once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now.

　　A．is B．are C．has been D．have been

　　【答案】A

　　7.（2011·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考）26．More than one student in our class _________ to Shanghai Expo.

　　A．has been B．have been C．is D．are

　　【答案】A

　　8.（2011·江西南昌一中第一次月考）31．More than _______ of the classmates in my class ____ fond of pop music．

　　A．two-third, is

　　B．two-thirds, is

　　C．second-third, are

　　D．two-thirds, are

　　【答案】D

　　9.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）41．The teacher together with the students

　　discussing Writing skills that

　　newly published in America.

　　A．are; were B．are; was C．is; was D．is; were

　　【答案】C

　　10.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）36．One third of the deer

　　by the wolves last night.

　　A．was eaten B．is eaten C．were eaten D．are eaten

　　【答案】C

　　11. （浙江省慈溪中学2010届高三第二次月考）

　　The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _______ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.

　　A. has

　　B. do

　　C. is

　　D. are

　　答案

　　D

　　考查主谓一致。此处soil and water是主语，故用are。

　　12. （广西桂林十八中2010届高三第五次月考）

　　According to recent exploration to Mars, it may hold ______ water as previously thought.

　　A. twice as much

　　B. as much twice

　　C. twice much as

　　D. much as twice

　　答案

　　A

　　考查数词的用法。此句型倍数twice应置于as之前。

　　13. （陕西省镇安中学2010届高三上学期第三次月考）

　　In fact, not only Mary and I but also Jane___ having one exam after another.

　　A. Is tired with

　　B. are tired with

　　C. is tired of

　　D. are tired of

　　答案

　　C

　　考查主谓一致。此处考查就近一致，Jane是主语故用is。

　　14. （河南省驻马店高中2010届高三摸底考试）

　　Either you or one of your students ___ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

　　A. are

　　B. is

　　C. have

　　D. be

　　答案

　　B

　　考查主谓一致。此处考查就近一致，真正的主语是one of your students，故用is。

　　15. （上海市六校2010届高三联考）

　　The lady was so keen on the fur coat that she would have bought it even if it cost __________

　　A. as twice much B. much as twice C. as much twice

　　D. twice as much

　　答案

　　D

　　考查数词的用法。此处倍数应置于as之前。

　　16. （四川省绵阳南山中学2010届高三1月月考）

　　At the bus stop ________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.

　　A．were B．was C．is D．sits

　　答案

　　A

　　17. （江西省九江一中2010届高三上学期第四次月考）

　　Butter and bread ____their daily food, but the bread and the butter ______ up now.

　　A. is; is eaten

　　B. are; have been eaten

　　C. are; are eaten

　　D. is; have been eaten

　　答案

　　D

　　18．（陕西省户县三中2010届高三第二次月考）

　　________of the money______

　　my parents.

　　A. Two fifth, belongs to

　　B. Two five, belongs

　　C. Second fifths, is belonged to

　　D. Two fifths, belongs to

　　答案

　　D

　　19. （甘肃省皋兰一中2010届高三上学期第三次月考）

　　Even though you offered _______ you have just offered, 1 would not sell it to you.

　　A. the money twice that

　　B. twice the money that

　　C. twice the money what

　　D. the money that twice

　　答案

　　B

　　20. （辽宁省抚顺一中2010届高三12月月考）

　　An average of 200 letters a week ____ received by the newspaper’s offer. Such _____

　　the case with us at present.

　　A. are; is

　　B. has been; has been

　　C. have been; is

　　D. is; are

　　答案

　　A

　　高考真题

　　【2011安徽卷）27】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　【答案】D

　　【考点】考查主谓一致和时态。

　　【解析】定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，故定语从句应与先行词数的一致，用复数，上文时态为过去式，故选D。句意为：工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。

　　【2011湖南卷)26】One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______black people.

　　A. is; are

　　B. is; is

　　C. are; are

　　D. are; is

　　【答案】A

　　【考点】考查主谓一致。

　　【解析】整个国家为整体，三分之一的部分当然也应用单数；而the majority of citizens主要指人，是可数名词，此时的谓语动词用复数，表示“大多数，大部分”。

　　〖10全国Ⅱ〗Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.

　　A.wear

　　B.wears

　　C.has worn

　　D.have worn

　　〖答案〗B

　　〖考点〗考查主谓一致和时态。

　　〖解析〗首先the only one of ….为先行词时, 定语从句修饰的是one, 即one是主语, 而非后面的复数women, 根据主谓一致的原则, 谓语动词应该用复数, 排除A, D。另外, 从 “is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯, 因此要用一般现在时, 排除C, 故选A

　　〖10湖南〗Listening to loud music at rock concerts

　　caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has

　　D. have

　　〖答案〗C

　　〖考点〗主谓一致

　　〖解析〗根据动名词短语作主语, 句子的谓语动词用单数形式, 由此排除B、D两项, 根据主语与caused的主动关系, 排除A项

　　〖10四川〗Such poets as Shakespeare

　　widely read, of whose works, however, some

　　difficult to understand.

　　A. are；are

　　B. is；is

　　C. are；is

　　D. is：are

　　〖答案〗A

　　〖考点〗考查主谓一致。

　　〖解析〗主句中的主语应为poets, 谓语动词用复数, 其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works, 谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。

　　〖09山东〗The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily since1990.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has been

　　D. have been

　　〖答案〗C

　　〖考点〗本题考查主谓一致和时态。

　　〖解析〗主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数, 又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。