例题2：对We found the great hall full of students and teachers.(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语)一句进行扩展，可得到： a. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. (画线部分为定语) 例题2：对We found the great hall full of students and teachers.(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语)一句进行扩展，可得到： b. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening
to
an
important
report
made by a comrade from
the
People's
Daily
on
current
affairs
in
East Europe. (画线部分为定语) 例题3：对People are in favor of this phenomenon.(主语＋系动词＋表语)一句进行扩展，可得到： a. A majority of the people (who are) involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon. (画线部分为定语) 例题3：对People are in favor of this phenomenon.(主语＋系动词＋表语)一句进行扩展，可得到： b. A majority of the people (who are) involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon saying that it can
create
a more
comfortable
study environment for students. (画线部分为状语)
简单句扩展后，增加了可读性，使读者知道了更多的信息，增强了感染力。 活用
按要求对下列句子进行拓展
1. The woman handed me a magazine. (至少含有一个不定式短语，一个现在分词短语)
In order to help me kill the time, the old woman sitting beside me handed me a magazine to read during the long boring journey. 活用
按要求对下列句子进行拓展
2.Students buy books. (至少含有非谓语动词、介词短语和从句作定语)
The diligent students in our class often buy some books written in English on science, which are really well worth reading. 活用
按要求对下列句子进行拓展
3.Students work hard. (至少含有非谓语动词、介词短语和从句作状语)
In order to improve their academic performance, students work hard in the classroom so they forget to go out after class. (2) ①
lose heart
丧失勇气或信心 No matter what you do, never lose heart.
不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。 短语 lose (ones)'face
失去面子 lose one's heart to
爱上，钟情于 lose one's temper
生气；发脾气 lose one's life
献出生命；丧生 lose one's way
迷路 短语 lose courage
丧失勇气 lose weight
减肥 lose sight of
看不见 lose touch with
与……失去联系 ①
lose heart
丧失勇气或信心 活用
翻译句子 (1) 不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。
_____________________________________ (2) 她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。
__________________________________ She lost her heart to a young soldier.
①
lose heart
丧失勇气或信心 Don't lose heart, and all will turn out well. 活用
单项填空 (3)In
order
not
to ______，he
spent
the
whole
night
preparing
for
the speech of next day.
A. lose courage
B. lose heart
C. lose face
D. lose voice ①
lose heart
丧失勇气或信心 C 解析
考查动词短语的辨析。lose courage丧失勇气；lose heart灰心，泄气； lose face 丢脸；lose one's voice失声。根据语境：为了不丢面子，他花了一晚上的时间准备第二天的演讲。所以答案是C。 ② in trouble
处于困境中，有麻烦 My friends didn't desert me when I was in trouble.
我朋友在我身处困境的时候没有抛弃我。 短语 ask for/ look for/ borrow trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃 be/get out of trouble
摆脱困境 get into trouble
遇到麻烦 ② in trouble
处于困境中，有麻烦 短语 have trouble (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难 take great trouble to do sth.
不辞劳苦做某事 put sb. to the trouble of doing sth. 给某人增添做某事的麻烦 ② in trouble
处于困境中，有麻烦 活用
根据汉语意思，完成英文句子 (1)他乐于帮助那些有困难的人。 He is ready to help those who are _________. (2)你在这里找路难吗？ Did you _____________________ your way here? (3)你一定费了很大劲才解出这道数学难题。 You ___________________________ to work out this maths problem. in trouble have any trouble finding must have taken a lot of trouble
①…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. (P34)
……我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等。这一结构是“介词＋关系代词which/whom”， 在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why，如：
He is the boss of the restaurant where (＝ in which) we often have lunch.
Today when (＝ on which) the product will be put into use will come soon.
The reason why(＝ for which) he was late for school was unbelievable. 链接 (1)关系代词前介词的选择
最快捷的方式是把先行词代入到从句中的状语 位置，加什么介词使从句正确，我们就用什么介词。 活用
单项填空 (1)Never shall I forget the day ____ we worked together in the country.
(2) Never shall I forget the days ____ we worked together in the country.
A. that
B. as
C. on which
D. in which 解析
由于the day和the days都无法直接代入到从句中充当主语或宾语，我们就把它放在状语的位置，题(1)加介词on构成on the day，所以答案是C。题(2)加介词in构成in the days，所以答案是D。 C D 链接 (2) 关系词的选择
完全取决于先行词。当先行词是人时，就用 whom; 当先行词是物时，就用which。 活用
单项填空 (3) The person with____ I talked is our new teacher.
(4) By nine o'clock，all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, above ______appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. whom
B. what
C. that
D. which 解析
考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 题(1)，由于先行词是人，所以答案是A；题(2)，由于先行词是the top，指物，所以答案是D。 A D 链接 (3)“不定代词＋ of ＋ whom/which”与“不定代词＋ of ＋them”
它们的选择有两种情况 ： 一是看后一部分是 不 是句子，不是就用“不定代词＋ of ＋them”构成独立 主格结构。二是后一部分构成句子，这时我们就要看 其前是否有连词，有，就用“不定代词＋ of ＋them”； 没有且是逗号，就用“不定代词＋ of ＋
whom/which ”。 活用
单项填空 (5) (2010·浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
(6) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people and many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom
B. which
C. them
D. those A C 解析 考查定语从句与并列句的辨析。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。题(5)由many之后的逗号和选项特征可知，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom，所以答案是A。
题(6)由于两句之间有and连接，是并列句，所以答案是C。 活用
单项填空 链接
(4) “the ＋ n. ＋ of which”或“of which ＋the ＋ n．”结构
一般说来，whose ＋ n. 都可以转化为“the
＋ n. ＋ of which”或“of which ＋the ＋ n．”结构。 活用
单项填空 (7)(2010·江苏)The newly－built café， the walls of______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
解析 考查定语从句。由句意可知它所表示的是“咖啡屋的墙”，构成whose walls，它可以转化为the walls of which或of which the walls，所以答案是D。 D ② …only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (P34)
…….只是在那时我们才决定以暴制暴。
only 放在句首且后接状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 状 语从句)时，要使用部分倒装，即将主句助动词、情 态动词或系动词放在主语前。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth,
which was a big surprise to him.
昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他， 这对他真是个令人吃 惊的消息。
Only by shouting was he able to make people on
the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
Only when we make more effort, can we catch up
with others.
只有我们加倍的努力，我们才能赶上别人。 活用
单项填空
(1) Only then _____ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized
B. she had realized
C. had she realized
D. did she realize
解析 “only ＋ 状语”放在句首时，主句部分要用部分倒装，再根据时间then判断主句应用一般过去时，所以用did she realize。 D 活用
单项填空 (2) _____ by keeping down cost will PowerData hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only
B. Just
C. Still
D. Yet
解析 4个选项中，只用“only ＋ 状语”放在句首时，主句才用部分倒装。 A ③I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. (P38)
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
句中的the first time是连词引导时间状语从句， 表示“第一次……”
They fell into love the first time they came across
each other.
他们第一次邂逅就相爱了/他们一见钟情。 辨析 the first time/for the first time the first time 是连接词，引导时间状语从句。
I was deeply touched the first time I read his story.
for the first time 是介词短语充当状语。
I met him at the school gate for the first time.
巧记：
后接从句就用the first time; 后没有从句就用
for the first time。 链接
(1)名词或名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从 句的有：the
moment; the minute; the instant表示： “一……就……”，相当于as soon as。相似用法的 还有：
every time
每次/回……就……
each time
每当……时
next time
下次……时
any time
(在)任何时间
(2)有时副词或副词短语也可充当连词，引导 时间状语从句，它们是：instantly ,
immediately,
directly等，都相当于as
soon as。by
the time引导 时间状语从句，表示“到了……时候就……” 链接 活用
单项填空 (1)______ they visited our school, they showed great interest in everything they saw.
A. The first time
B. For the first time
C. At first
D. At the first time 翻译句子 (2) 每次我去找他，他都在专心看书。
_____________________________________________ Each time I visit him, he is reading the book attentively. A
句子的扩展，就是在名词前后加上前置或后置定语，在动词、形容词或副词前后加上适当的状语，或增加修饰整个句子的状语，等等。其目的是使结构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语言表达更生动。练习句子的扩展，有助于循序渐进地实现由句到段的过渡。 例题1：对The boy cried.(主语＋谓语)一句进行扩展，可得到： a. The small boy in red sweater cried. (画线部分为定语) b. Losing sight of
his mother, the small boy in red sweater cried in the crowded street. (画线部分为状语)