2017届高三英语一轮复习课时作业38：Unit 3《Inventors and inventions》（新人教版选修8）

　　Ⅰ.多项选择

　　1．(2017·湖北襄樊四中期中考试)A well­written composition ________ a good choice of words and clear organization among other things.

　　A．calls on

　　B．calls for

　　C．calls up

　　D．calls off

　　[解析]call for 需要。call on 号召，拜访某人；call up 使回忆起；call off 取消。

　　[答案]B

　　2．People who can't ________ between colours are said to be colour­blind.

　　A．separate

　　B．disguise

　　C．distinguish

　　D．divide

　　[解析]distinguish 区分，辨别；separate 分离，分开；disguise 伪装，遮掩；divide 划分，分隔。句意：不能辨别颜色的人被称为色盲。

　　[答案]C

　　3．George ________ the good chance to present his proposal to the director and at last it was adopted.

　　A．realized

　　B．seized

　　C．delivered

　　D．released

　　[解析]考查动词词义。句意：George 抓住那个好机会向主管提出自己的建议，最后建议被采纳了。seize“抓住(时机)”与后面的宾语 chance 吻合。

　　[答案]B

　　4．These old women are fond of bargains, that's why they were so easily ________.

　　A．taken in

　　B．taken up

　　C．taken on

　　D．taken off

　　[解析]句意：这些老太太们喜欢便宜货，那就是她们容易受骗的原因。take sb.in 欺骗某人；take up 从事，占有(时间、空间)；take on 雇用，显现；take off 起飞，脱掉。

　　[答案]A

　　5．Many were killed in the coal accident; ________， 23 lost their lives.

　　A．to be exact

　　B．on the contrary

　　C．in particular

　　D．to be honest

　　[解析]考查插入语。to be exact 确切地；on the contrary 相反地；in particular 特别地，尤其；to be honest 诚实，实事求是，老实说。由句意可知，A项正确。

　　[答案]A

　　6．—Sorry, I have to ________ now.It's time for class.

　　—OK, I'll call back later.

　　A．hang up

　　B．break up

　　C．give up

　　D．hold up

　　[解析]考查“动词＋副词”构成的短语。hang up 挂断电话；break up 分解；give up 放弃；hold up 耽搁，中断。由句意可知应选A。

　　[答案]A

　　7．The rescuers ________ to work as soon as they arrived at the spot of the accident.

　　A．set out

　　B．set off

　　C．set up

　　D．set in

　　[解析]考查词组辨析。set out to do sth.开始做某事；set off 出发，动身；set up 建立，设立；set in 以……为背景。句意：救援人员一到事故现场就开始工作起来。

　　[答案]A

　　8．The ________ situation is serious, which calls for a competent leader to decide on its fate.

　　A．innocent

　　B．dynamic

　　C．merciful

　　D．current

　　[解析]current 现在的，目前的。innocent 无辜的；dynamic 充满活力的；merciful 仁慈的。

　　[答案]D

　　9．(2017·江苏启东中学期中)A ________ identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from the Bank of China.

　　A．valid

　　B．fruitful

　　C．beneficial

　　D．effective

　　[解析]valid 有效力的。fruitful 有成果的；beneficial 有益的；effective 有效的。

　　[答案]A

　　10．(2011·吉林模拟)—Listen, there is some strange noise.This machine must be ________.

　　—I think so.You must have it checked.

　　A．out of order

　　B．out of date

　　C．out of sight

　　D．out of control

　　[解析]out of order 出故障了，可根据“你必须让人检查一下”判断。out of control 失去控制；out of date 过时；out of sight 看不见。

　　[答案]A

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2011·四川高考)The multi­million pound new Library of Birmingham (LoB) will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization (数字化) of everyday life.

　　Set to open in 2017，the￡188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.

　　As digital media(媒介) is important to its_idea,_the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.

　　Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning：“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital, providing 24­hour services which can be used through many different ways.It is important to enable us to reach more people，more effectively.”

　　The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.

　　Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual (虚拟的) LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists.Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.

　　Two other small Birmingham­based digital companies are also working on the LoB projects.Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project.It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development.And The People's Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.

　　Gambles says：“Technology will enable us to make the library's content and services open to citizens as never before.”

　　1．The underlined part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of ________.

　　A．the equipment

　　B．the project

　　C．the digital media

　　D．the physical library

　　2．While visiting the Virtual LoB the public can ________.

　　A．get a general idea of the LoB

　　B．meet many world­famous experts

　　C．learn how to put up a library building

　　D．understand how the specialists work on the project

　　3．Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens?

　　A．a，b，d

　　B．a，c，e

　　C．b，c，d

　　D．b，d，e

　　4．The text is most probably taken from ________.

　　A．a computer book

　　B．a library guide

　　C．a project handbook

　　D．a newspaper report

　　答案与解析

　　[语篇解读]'本文为说明文。介绍了造价几百万英镑的新白金汉宫图书馆的设计理念以及给公众提供的服务项目，让人们感受到日常生活数字化的城市就在眼前。

　　1．B'猜测词义题。根据第三段第一句话的句意：由于电子媒介对工程设计理念的重要性，所以该工程已经给当地许多小的研究新科技的新公司提供了机会，得出正确答案为B项。

　　2．A'细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的信息可知，在图书馆竣工之前，人们可以在线访问虚拟的新图书馆。人们不仅可以了解到图书馆的相关信息而且还让那些建造图书馆的人理解它的建造和其运作方式。公众了解到的是A项，C和D项是建造图书馆的人了解到的，所以被排除。B项未提及。

　　3．A'细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句话中的“it is about giving people the right tools for learning”可知a正确；由第四段第一句话中的“which can be used through many different ways”可知b正确；由倒数第二段的最后一句话“...in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.”可知d正确。

　　4．D'推理判断题。通篇文章是在介绍数字化的图书馆 LoB 这个新项目，在建成之前让公众对此有所了解，所以短文最有可能取材于报纸上的资讯报道，故选D项。

　　B

　　(2010·安徽高考)

　　Have you ever wondered?

　　1.Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east？ It can take five hours to go west­east from New York NY to London but seven hours to travel east­west from London to NY.The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet喷射 stream.The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic.The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west­east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.

　　2.What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off？ Supposing we could magically turn off gravity.Would buildings and other structures 建筑物 float away？ What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth.The Earth is moving at quite a speed，moving at over a thousand miles per hour.If you turn something around your head on a string细绳， it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string.Then it flies off in a straight line.‘Switching off’ gravity would be like letting go of the string.Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line.People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling.Most things outside would fly off into space.

　　1．What information can we get from the first passage?

　　A．It is the jet stream that affects how fast airplanes fly.

　　B．Planes go slower when they are moving with the wind.

　　C．It takes more time to fly from NY to London than from London to NY.

　　D．The jet stream always blows from the east to the west across the Atlantic.

　　2．The word“shoot”underlined in the 2nd passage probably means“________”．

　　A．send for

　　B．move quickly

　　C．come out

　　D．grow quickly

　　3．It can be inferred that without gravity________.

　　A．buildings and other structures would float away

　　B．trees and buildings would not so easily fly off

　　C．something around your head would not float away

　　D．everything outside buildings would fly off into space

　　4．Where can we most probably read this text?

　　A．In a research paper.

　　B．In a short story.

　　C．In a travel magazine.

　　D．In a student's book.

　　答案与解析

　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇科普文，作者向我们解释了两种自然现象：1.飞机向西飞行比向东飞行时间长的原因；2.如果地球引力突然消失将会出现的结果。

　　1．A　推理判断题。由第一段最后两句可知喷射气流穿过大西洋时总是从西吹向东，因此飞机顺风飞行比逆风飞行速度快，故推出喷射气流影响飞行速度，故选A。B和第一段最后一句矛盾，句中的slower应该写成faster；C和第一段第一句意思相反，句中的more应该是less；D中的from the east to the west应该是from the west to the east，故排除。

　　2．B　猜测词义题。由本词后的upwards at a great speed可知shoot在此的意思应是“move quickly(快速移动)”。send for派人去请；come out出来；grow quickly快速生长。

　　3．B　推理判断题。由第二段第三句可知地球引力消失对物体的影响大小取决于物体本身对地球的依附强度。所以可推出B(树和建筑物不会容易地飘走)。而A、C和D太绝对，故排除。

　　4．D　推理判断题。由常识可知，本文是一篇科普文，介绍了一些科学知识，所以D(学生课本)比较合适。而A中的research paper意为“研究论文”；B中的a short story意为“短篇故事”；C中的travel magazine意为“旅游杂志”。

　　Ⅲ.完成句子

　　1．________excellently won great cheers.(dive)

　　她精彩的跳水赢得了巨大的喝彩。

　　2．What I did first was to see if there were any products that might help me，but________powers .(seem)

　　我首先做的是看看是否有能帮助我的产品，但是似乎只有美容粉。

　　3．Only after you have experienced a lot________.(bear)

　　只有经历过许多以后你才能忍受指责。

　　4．At the age of two，children show signs of ability________.(distinguish)

　　在两岁时，儿童显示出明辨是非的迹象。

　　5．________the criteria that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(strict)

　　标准如此严格，除非真正是新颖的思想，否则很难被接受。

　　6．Mr Smith________dealing with air pollution.(set)

　　史密斯先生已着手写一篇关于空气污染的报道。

　　7．I don't want to go out tonight________.(case)

　　今晚我不想出去，万一叔叔打电话。

　　8．Nobody knows exactly________the Chinese football team enters the final stage of the World Cup.(before)

　　没有人确切地知道再过多少年中国足球队才能进入世界杯的决赛。

　　9．You know it takes courage and determination to keep going towards your goal________.(time)

　　每次失败你都要明白，你需要勇气和决心继续朝着目标前进。

　　10．________，the beauty of Mount Tai will be lasting in my mind.(once)

　　一旦看见，泰山的美会一直在我脑海里萦绕。

　　答案

　　1．Her diving into water

　　2．there only seemed to be

　　3．can you bear being blamed

　　4．to distinguish right from wrong

　　5．So strict are

　　6．set about writing a report/set out to write a report

　　7．in case my uncle calls/rings me up

　　8．how many years it will be before

　　9．each/every time you fail

　　10．Once (it is) seen