2017届高三英语一轮复习课时作业8：Unit 3《Computers》（新人教版必修2）

　　Ⅰ.多项选择

　　1．(2011·南通中学高三模拟)Many colleges have taken measures to ________ students' cheating in exams.

　　A．work out

　　B．find out

　　C．deal with

　　D．go with

　　[解析]句意：许多大学已经采取措施来处理学生的考试作弊问题。work out 算出；find out 找出；deal with 处理，对付；go with 与……相配。

　　[答案]C

　　2．The policeman ________ the children to cross the road when the traffic lights turned green.

　　A．let

　　B．made

　　C．signaled

　　D．called

　　[解析]句意：当交通灯变绿时警察向孩子们作手势，让他们过马路。signal sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事。由 let/make sb.do sth.可排除选项A、B两项；call“喊，叫”，不符合句意。

　　[答案]C

　　3．It was generally believed that the show was not as successful as expected, but ________， I think it was a great success.

　　A．personally

　　B．directly

　　C．publicly

　　D．secretly

　　[解析]personally“就个人而言，就本人而论”，符合题意。

　　[答案]A

　　4．—I have been worried about the possible danger of driving on a railway line.

　　—Do not be afraid; God will ________ us.

　　A．turn over

　　B．watch over

　　C．go over

　　D．look over

　　[解析]watch over“照看，看守，照顾”，符合题意。turn over 翻个过；go over 复习；look over 检查。

　　[答案]B

　　5．Do please remember to tell me when any difficulty ________.

　　A．comes

　　B．arises

　　C．rises

　　D．happens

　　[解析]句意：无论有什么困难，一定记得要告诉我。arise (问题，困难等)出现，发生；happen (某事，事故等)发生；rise 上升，升高；come 来到，到来。

　　[答案]B

　　6．—Do you know how many students took part in the sports meet?

　　—About 400 ________.

　　A．in advance

　　B．after all

　　C．in total

　　D．at all

　　[解析]表达“总共，完全”可以使用下列短语：altogether，in all 或 in total。

　　[答案]C

　　7．The loss has not yet been ________ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.

　　A．calculated

　　B．considered

　　C．completed

　　D．controlled

　　[解析]句意：虽然还没有精确计算损失，但是人们认为很可能会超过一亿美元。consider 考虑，认为；complete 完成，竣工；control 控制。以上三词都不符合句意。又如：I calculate that I will reach Beijing at about 5 p．m.我估计我大约下午5点到达北京。It is calculated that the number of students who are studying in middle schools is decreasing.有人推测中学就读的学生数量在逐渐减少。除了掌握 calculate“计算，推算，估计”外，还应该注意相关短语：be calculated to do sth.打算或计划做某事；calculate on sth./doing sth.指望或依靠某事物。

　　[答案]A

　　8．(2017·安徽蚌埠一中月考)When my parents were young, they had to ________ several miles every day to school since they had no money to buy a bike.

　　A．occupy

　　B．cover

　　C．get

　　D．make

　　[解析]cover 走过多远的距离。occupy 占用；get 得到；make 成为。句意：我父母年轻时，不得不每天走七里地去上学，因为他们没有钱买自行车。

　　[答案]B

　　9．Her display of bad temper completely ________ the party.

　　A．harmed

　　B．damaged

　　C．spoilt

　　D．hurt

　　[解析]spoil 指“使……扫兴，搞糟”。如：Quarrelling spoilt the picnic.争吵使这次野餐很扫兴。hurt 伤害；damage 损坏；harm 危害，均不合题意。

　　[答案]C

　　10．These plastic flowers look so ________ that many people think they are real.

　　A．beautiful

　　B．natural

　　C．artificial

　　D．similar

　　[解析]句意：这些塑料花看上去很自然，以至于好多人以为是真的。beautiful 漂亮的，artificial 人造的，假的；similar 相似的，只有B项符合句意。

　　[答案]B

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2017·北京海淀区期末练习)Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive (冲动的) and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.

　　Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as“novelty seeking”， characterized by impulsive actions; “harm avoidance”， marked by pessimism and shyness; “reward dependence”， with an addictive personality; and “persistence”， who are people tending to be diligent, hard­working and perfectionists.

　　The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as novelty­seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm­avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.

　　The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child's behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.

　　There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.

　　People who have a reward­dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.

　　“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with, but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach.” said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.

　　If you know it's not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing that someone has such a predisposition (体质)could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.

　　1．Which type of person may turn out to be drug­abusers?

　　A. “Novelty seeking”.

　　B. “Reward dependence”．

　　C. “Harm avoidance”.

　　D. “Persistence”．

　　2．Which of the following is true about shy people?

　　A. They are often shouted at and scolded.

　　B. They can naturally put themselves forward.

　　C. They structurally have a smaller brain region.

　　D. They are too timid to be educated and helped.

　　3．What's the main idea of the passage?

　　A. People have chances to change their personality types.

　　B. Scientists have identified four different personality types.

　　C. Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.

　　D. Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.

　　4．The author writes the passage to________.

　　A. present a fact

　　B. argue a claim

　　C. support a research

　　D. introduce an approach

　　答案与解析

　　1．B　从第二段中“reward dependence” with an addictive personality 可知B项正确。

　　2．C　从第二段中“harm avoidance”marked by pessimism and shyness和第三段中For instance，...while people with harm­avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions可知。

　　3．D　第一段第一句为主题句。

　　4．A　从第四段第一句The fact that ... 可知作者写该文章来陈述一个客观事实。

　　B

　　(2011·全国Ⅰ)While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.

　　The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign(发起运动) for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg­room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.

　　But it is not just the extra­tall whose needs are not being met.The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.

　　“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king­size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for(满足需要) less than half of the male(男性) population.” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy，“Seven­foot beds would work fine.”

　　Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems.Small tables, which mean the long­legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.

　　Some have already taken note, however.At Queens Moat Houses' Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors，particularly Americans.

　　1．What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?

　　A．To provide better services.

　　B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants.

　　C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.

　　D．To attract more people to become its members.

　　2．Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?

　　A．7′2″.

　　B．7′.

　　C．6′6″.

　　D． 6′3″.

　　3．What may happen to restaurants with small tables?

　　A．They may lose some customers.

　　B．They may start businesses elsewhere.

　　C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.

　　D．They have to provide enough space for the long­legged.

　　4．What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?

　　A．Tall people pay more for larger beds.

　　B．6′6″ beds have taken the place of 6′3″ beds.

　　C．Special rooms are kept for Americans.

　　D．Guest rooms are standardized.

　　答案与解析

　　[语篇解读]　本文为议论文。作者通过简述TPCGB俱乐部的目的，运用具体数字，提出当今高个子人在宾馆、饭店遇到的尴尬事，意在引起全社会对高个子公民的关注。

　　1．C　细节理解题。由文中第二段第一句的to campaign for the needs of the tall可知此俱乐部的目的为C项。

　　2．B　细节理解题。第四段最后一句：七英尺的床最合适。故答案为B项。

　　3．A　细节理解题。根据第五段可知饭店里的小桌子足以把高个子顾客赶到别处去。

　　4．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知在Edinburgh已安放6′6″的床作为标准床。

　　Ⅲ.完成句子

　　1．This is the photo of the power station________in my home- town.(set)

　　这是在我家乡建成的发电站的照片。

　　2．You've made________in the writing that we couldn't catch what you meant.(many)

　　你的写作中有如此多的错误以至于我们不能理解你的意思。

　　3．________，I did research into how to make my radio.(go)

　　随着时间的流逝，我进行调查看怎样制作收音机。

　　4．It will be 3 years________.(come)

　　再过三年她才会回来。

　　5．We know that many mysteries about the universe________so far.(solve)

　　我们知道关于宇宙的许多谜团到现在还没有被解开。

　　6．We all know that________，the situation will get worse.(deal)

　　我们都知道如果不谨慎处理，情形会变得更糟。

　　7．________，we can reduce the production costs now.(help)

　　在电脑的帮助下，现在我们可以减少生产成本。

　　8．The child________by Grandma Wang all these years.(care)

　　这些年这个孩子都是由王妈妈照看。

　　9．By the time I was sixteen，my dream________.(realize)

　　到我十六岁的时候，我的梦想实现了。

　　10．Anyhow，my goal is________a life of high quality.(provide)

　　无论如何，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。

　　答案

　　1．that/which has been set up

　　2．so many mistakes

　　3．As time went by/With time going by

　　4．before she comes back

　　5．haven't been solved

　　6．if(it is)not carefully dealt with

　　7．With the help of computer

　　8．has been taken care of

　　9．had been realized

　　10．to provide human beings with