“I am going to buy only one pair! ” “I know that, ” said he,
“but I want you to see how marvelously beautiful these are.
Aren’t they wonderful? ” There was on his face an expression of solemn and holy delight as if he were revealing to me the mysteries of his religion.
I became far more interested in him than in the socks.
I looked at him in amazement.
“My friend, ” said I,
“if you can keep this up,
if this is not merely the enthusiasm that comes from novelty(新奇),
from having a new job,
if you can keep up this enthusiasm and excitement day after day,
in ten years you will own every sock in the United States. ”
I thought of another salesman,
who displays no interest either in you or in the goods he is paid to sell.
Yet possibly that very clerk who is now so apathetic(冷漠的)began his career with hope and enthusiasm like the one we mentioned. The daily grind was too much for him;
the novelty wore off;
his only pleasures were found outside of working hours.
He became a mechanical,
not inspired salesman.
After being mechanical,
he became incompetent;
then he saw younger clerks who had more enthusiasm in their work,
promoted over him.
He became sour.
That was the last stage.
His usefulness was over.
I have observed this decline in the lives of so many men in so many occupations that I have come to the conclusion that the surest road to failure is to do things mechanically.
作者通过对比两个对待工作不同态度的销售员(一个对自己的工作充满激情，一个只是在机械地干自己应干的事情)表达了自己的观点：毫无激情机械地做事肯定会导致失败。 6. How did the writer go to the sock shop according to the passage?
A. He went there on purpose.
B. He went there in his car.
C. He went there by chance.
D. He followed someone there.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye, 可知，作者是偶然进了这家袜子店。 7. When the boy clerk received him enthusiastically,
he felt _____ at his behavior.
A. disappointed
B. crazy C. confused
D. surprised 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中I looked at him in amazement. 可知作者对于小伙子的举止感到很吃惊。 8. From the third paragraph we can infer _____ .
A. the salesman began his work without enthusiasm B. the daily grind can make one lose interest in work C. enthusiasm is very important in one’s career D. being mechanical means finding pleasure over work 【解析】选C。推理判断题。作者在这一段中比较了两种对工作不同态度的人：有的人对工作一开始很有激情，但日复一日的琐碎磨去了他的热情，于是就变得对工作了无兴趣，只是机械地去做，结果另外那些自始至终对工作抱有希望和热情的人得到了升职，而前者却丧失了他的价值。由此可知，对工作抱有热情在一个人的职业生涯中很重要。 9. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A pair of socks B. An enthusiastic boy clerk C. An apathetic salesman D. A salesman’s last stage in his work 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。作者正是由于要买袜子才走进店铺遇见那个对工作充满激情的小伙子的，从小伙子对待工作的态度引出了作者要讨论的话题，所以“袜子”是全文的题眼，而B、C、D三项都很片面。 10. It is certain that _____ can lead to failure according to the passage.
A. doing things mechanically B. being too modest to others C. being hard at others D. being useless to society
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知。 Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 urgent, strengthen, delay, vacant, sacrifice, burden, pray, distribute 1. After the secretary left, this position was still ________. And the personnel department was very careful to find a man who fitted the job very much.
2. It was selfless of him to _____________ his life to save a drowning girl.
答案：1. vacant
2. sacrifice
3. The plane was badly ___________
because of the heavy fog this morning.
4. The friendship between China and North Korea has steadily ____________ over these years.
5. The rural areas in west China are in___________
need of talents.
答案：3. delayed
4. strengthened
5. urgent
6. The company went bankrupt and was ________with heavy debt.
7. The Christians go to church to____________
to God every weekend.
8. Clothes and blankets have been ___________ to the refugees.
答案：6. burdened
7. pray
8. distributed Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. If he can_________ (坚持)a little longer, we can get help for him.
2. The engine_____________ (发出)smoke and steam.
3. As winter
____________(让路)spring, the days began to lengthen.
4. He did that just to_____________ (出名).
5. In a harmonious society, we must make sure that the elderly and the disabled_________________ (很好地关怀).
答案：1. hold on
2. gives off
3. gave way to
4. make a name
5. are well cared for 6. The president can’t be here today, so I’m going to speak
__________________ (代表)him.
7. The fact that Taiwan belongs to China is _____________(毫无疑问).
8. This is the secret between us, so don’t
_____it
_______(泄露)to anyone else.
答案：6. on behalf of
7. beyond question
8. give; away Ⅲ. 语法和词汇知识 1. Who is it up ________ decide whether to go or not?
［2011泰安模拟］ A. to to
B. to
C. for to
D. to for 【解析】选A。 该特殊疑问句可还原成：It is up to somebody to decide whether to go or not. , 对somebody进行提问，答案就一目了然了。 2. I can’t ________ seeing animals suffer like that.
A. survive
B. refuse
C. maintain
D. endure 【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：看到动物遭受这样的痛苦，我无法忍受。survive幸免；生还；refuse 拒绝；maintain保持；endure忍受，后接v. -ing形式。 3. He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________ he is tired out.
［2011吉林模拟］ A. There is no point
B. There is no need C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way 【解析】选C。句意：他已经三天没睡觉了，难怪他累了。It is no wonder“难怪”。
4. The politician’s statement was contradictory ________he’d made earlier in the same week.
A. to that
B. with that C. to the one
D. with one 【解析】选C。句意：这个政治家的陈述与同周早期他做的相矛盾。be contradictory to与……相矛盾。 5. The local people _______ building the new hotel because of the great cost.
A. opposed
B. adored C. objected
D. accepted 【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：当地人们因费用高，反对建新旅馆。oppose反对；adore崇拜；爱慕；object反对，后接to; accept接受。 6. The evidence _______ me in my opinion that they are lying.
A. surprises
B. confirms C. controls
D. responds 【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：这些证据使我确信他们在说谎。surprise使……吃惊；confirm确信；control控制；respond答复。 7. It is said that he will _______his uncle’s business when he is mature enough to deal with the public relations.
［2011合肥模拟］ A. think over
B. hand over
C. take over
D. go over
【解析】选C。句意：据说，当他成熟到能处理公共关系时，他将接管他叔叔的事业。take over接管；think over仔细考虑；hand over移交；go over回顾，复习。 【举一反三】It is certain that he will ________ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over
B. think over C. hand over
D. go over 【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他老的时候，他肯定会把生意移交给他的儿子。take over接管；think over仔细考虑；hand over移交；go over回顾，复习。 8. Do you have any faith ______ what he said?
A. in
B. to
C. of
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：你相信他说的吗？have (no) faith in sb. /sth. (不)相信某人/某物。 9. This is a very special flower and it can ______ a strong sweet perfume at night.
［2011延安模拟］ A. give in
B. give up
C. give out
D. give over 【解析】选C。句意：这是一种非常特殊的花，它晚上会散发一种强烈的香味。give in屈服，投降；give up放弃; give out发出，放出; give over停止，交出。 10. I am afraid Tim just isn’t________
the job.
［2011福州模拟］ A. fit to
B. up to
C. appropriate
D. suit 【解析】选B。句意：我恐怕Tim不胜任这份工作。be up to胜任；忙于；appropriate适合的；suit适合; fit to适合的，恰当的。 11. —You mean the position is still________ ?
—Yes, but you must know our job is very demanding.
—I don’t mind.
A. necessary
B. vacant C. handy
D. convenient
【解析】选B。necessary必要的；vacant(职位)空缺的；handy便利的；手边的；convenient方便的。 6. The company went bankrupt and was ________ with heavy debt.
7. The Christians go to church to _______ to God every weekend.
8. Clothes and blankets have been _______ to the refugees.
答案：6. burdened
7. pray
8. distributed Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. If he can ________ (坚持)a little longer, we can get help for him.
2. The engine _________ (发出)smoke and steam.
3. As winter __________ (让路)spring, the days began to lengthen.
4. He did that just to __________ (出名).
答案：1. hold on
2. gives off
3. gave way to
4. make a name
5. In a harmonious society, we must make sure that the elderly and the disabled _______________ (很好地关怀).
6. The president can’t be here today, so I’m going to speak _________________
(代表)him.
答案：5. are well cared for
6. on behalf of 7. The fact that Taiwan belongs to China is ____________ (毫无疑问).
8. This is the secret between us, so don’t ____________ it __________ (泄露)to anyone else.
答案：7. beyond question
8. give; away Ⅲ. 单项填空 1. Who is it up
______ decide whether to go or not?
［2011泰安模拟］ A. to to
B. to
C. for to
D. to for 【解析】选A。 该特殊疑问句可还原成：It is up to somebody to decide whether to go or not. , 对somebody进行提问，答案就一目了然了。 2. I can’t _____ seeing animals suffer like that.
A. survive
B. refuse
C. maintain
D. endure 【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：看到动物遭受这样的痛苦，我无法忍受。survive幸免；生还；refuse 拒绝；maintain保持；endure忍受，后接v. -ing形式。 3. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. _____ he is tired out.
［2011吉林模拟］ A. There is no point
B. There is no need C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way 【解析】选C。句意：他已经三天没睡觉了，难怪他累了。It is no wonder“难怪”。 4. The politician’s statement was contradictory _____ he’d made earlier in the same week.
A. to that
B. with that C. to the one
D. with one 【解析】选C。句意：这个政治家的陈述与同周早期他做的相矛盾。be contradictory to与……相矛盾。 5. The local people _____ building the new hotel because of the great cost.
A. opposed
B. adored
C. objected
D. accepted 【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：当地人们因费用高，反对建新旅馆。oppose反对；adore崇拜；爱慕；object反对，后接to; accept接受。 6. The evidence _____ me in my opinion that they are lying.
A. surprises
B. confirms
C. controls
D. responds 【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：这些证据使我确信他们在说谎。surprise使……吃惊；confirm确信；control控制；respond答复。 7. It is said that he will _____ his uncle’s business when he is mature enough to deal with the public relations.
［2011合肥模拟］ A. think over
B. hand over
C. take over
D. go over
【解析】选C。句意：据说，当他成熟到能处理公共关系时，他将接管他叔叔的事业。take over接管；think over仔细考虑；hand over移交；go over回顾，复习。 【举一反三】It is certain that he will _____ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over
B. think over C. hand over
D. go over 【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他老的时候，他肯定会把生意移交给他的儿子。take over接管；think over仔细考虑；hand over移交；go over回顾，复习。 8. Do you have any faith _____ what he said?
A. in
B. to
C. of
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：你相信他说的吗？have(no)faith in sb. /sth. (不)相信某人/某物。 9. This is a very special flower and it can _____ a strong sweet perfume at night.
A. give in
B. give up
C. give out
D. give over 【解析】选C。句意：这是一种非常特殊的花，它晚上会散发一种强烈的香味。give in屈服，投降；give up放弃; give out发出，放出; give over停止，交出。 10. I am afraid Tim just isn’t _____
the job.
［2011福州模拟］ A. fit to
B. up to
C. appropriate D. suit 【解析】选B。句意：我恐怕Tim不胜任这份工作。be up to胜任；忙于；appropriate适合的；suit适合; fit to适合的，恰当的。 11. —You mean the position is still _____ ?
—Yes, but you must know our job is very demanding.
—I don’t mind.
A. necessary
B. vacant
C. handy
D. convenient
【解析】选B。necessary必要的；vacant(职位)空缺的；handy便利的；手边的；convenient方便的。
12. The memory was so terrible that she tried to block it _____ .
A. out
B. in
C. to
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：这份回忆太可怕了，她努力不去回忆。block. . . out不去想(回忆)。 13. Under no circumstances _____ be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. China will
B. will China C. must China
D. China must
【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：无论如何中国都不会是第一个使用核武器的国家。under no circumstances是否定词，放在句首，句子用部分倒装。 14. My grandfather _____ smoking, but only smokes when he is free.
A. is proud of
B. is fond of C. is familiar with
D. is afraid of 【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：我的爷爷喜欢抽烟，但他只是在空闲时抽。be proud of以……自豪；be fond of喜欢；爱好；be familiar with对……熟悉；be afraid of害怕。 15.
_____ with all the worries, the young man who was out of work felt upset all day long.
A. To be burdened
B. To burden C. Burdening
D. Burdened 【解析】选D。句意：肩负着所有的担心，这个失业的年轻人整天感到沮丧。be burdened with肩负着。当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略系动词be。 Ⅳ. 阅读理解 (A)
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared (红外线)scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂)spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest (害虫)problems.
Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running“fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, ” says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了将原用于军事和卫星的红外线扫描技术运用于农业的前景，人们为此所做出的努力及遇到的困难。 1. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are _____ . A. sprayed with pesticides B. facing an infrared scanner C. in poor physical condition D. exposed to excessive sun rays 【解析】选C。细节理解题。依据文章第二段“. . . an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running‘fevers’”，说明植物在发“高烧”，也就是说，“身体状况”不佳时才会散发热，所以选项C符合题意。 2. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to______.
A. estimate the damage to the crops B. measure the size of the affected area C. draw a color-coded map D. locate the problem area 【解析】选D。推理判断题。本题考查使用红外线扫描技术的目的。依据文章第二段“. . . showing where plants were running ‘fevers’. Farmers could then spot-spray，. . . ”说明目的是确定有问题的区域，以使农民有针对性地喷杀虫剂。显然，选项D(确定有问题的地域)为最佳选项。 3. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by _____ .
A. resorting to spot-spraying B. consulting infrared scanning experts C. transforming poisoned rain D. detecting crop problems at an early stage 【解析】选A。细节理解题。依据文章第二段最后一句“Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. ”(采取点喷，农民们可以节省平时用量的50％至70％的杀虫剂)，选项A符合题意。 4. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties— _____ .
A. the lack of official support B. its high cost C. the lack of financial support D. its failure to help increase production 【解析】选C。推理判断题。依据文章第三段的“The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984，after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. ”，可以看出红外线扫描技术应用于农业遇到了一些问题，原因有两个：一是农民对新技术的抵制，二是难以找到长期赞助商。文章中还有一处明显的提示出现在最后一句：“But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago. ”从该句提供的信息同样可以反推出10年前的情形，所以选项C正确。 5. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of _____ .
A. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture D. full support from agricultural experts 【解析】选B。细节理解题。依据文章第三段“But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to get back into operation. ”，可知B项(出于对杀虫剂过度使用的担心)符合题意。 (B)
One fine afternoon I was walking along the Fifth Avenue,
when I remembered that I should buy a pair of socks.
I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye,
and a boy clerk of no more than 17 came forward. “What can I do for you,
sir? ” “I wish to buy a pair of socks. ” His eyes glowed. “Did you know that you had come into the finest place in the world to buy socks? ” I had not been aware of that,
as my entrance had been accidental.
“Come with me, ” said the boy.
I followed him to the rear of the shop,
and he began to haul down from the shelves box after box,
displaying their contents for my pleasure.
7. It is said that he will ______ his uncle’s business when he is mature enough to deal with the public relations.
［2011合肥模拟］ A. think over
B. hand over
C. take over
D. go over
【解析】选C。句意：据说, 当他成熟到能处理公共关系时, 他将接管他叔叔的事业。take over接管; think over仔细考虑; hand over移交; go over回顾, 复习。 【举一反三】It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over
B. think over C. hand over
D. go over 【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他老的时候, 他肯定会把生意移交给他的儿子。take over接管; think over仔细考虑; hand over移交; go over回顾, 复习。 8. Do you have any faith ______ what he said?
A. in
B. to
C. of
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：你相信他说的吗？have(no)faith in sb. /sth. (不)相信某人/某物。 9. This is a very special flower and it can ______ a strong sweet perfume at night.
［2011白鹭洲模拟］ A. give in
B. give up C. give out
D. give over 【解析】选C。句意：这是一种非常特殊的花, 它晚上会散发一种强烈的香味。give in屈服, 投降; give up放弃; give out发出, 放出; give over停止, 交出。 10. I am afraid Tim just isn’t ______
the job.
［2011福州模拟］ A. fit to
B. up to
C. appropriate
D. suit 【解析】选B。句意：我恐怕Tim不胜任这份工作。be up to胜任; 忙于; appropriate适合的; suit适合; fit to适合的, 恰当的。 11. —You mean the position is still ______ ?
—Yes, but you must know our job is very demanding.
—I don’t mind.
A. necessary
B. vacant C. handy
D. convenient 【解析】选B。necessary必要的; vacant(职位)空缺的; handy便利的; 手边的; convenient方便的。 12. The memory was so terrible that she tried to block it ______ .
A. out
B. in
C. to
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：这份回忆太可怕了, 她努力不去回忆。block. . . out不去想(回忆)。 13. Under no circumstances ______ be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. China will
B. will China C. must China
D. China must 【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：无论如何中国都不会是第一个使用核武器的国家。under no circumstances是否定词, 放在句首, 句子用部分倒装。 14. My grandfather ______ smoking, but only smokes when he is free.
A. is proud of
B. is fond of C. is familiar with
D. is afraid of 【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：我的爷爷喜欢抽烟, 但他只是在空闲时抽。be proud of以……自豪; be fond of喜欢; 爱好; be familiar with对……熟悉; be afraid of害怕。 15. ______ with all the worries, the young man who was out of work felt upset all day long.
A. To be burdened
B. To burden C. Burdening
D. Burdened 【解析】选D。句意：肩负着所有的担心, 这个失业的年轻人整天感到沮丧。be burdened with肩负着。当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时, 可以省略系动词be。 Ⅳ. 阅读理解 (A)
Five years ago,
David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict(有瘾的人), ” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled. ” Today David wears casual clothes—khaki pants and a sports shirt—to the office.
He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever, ” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable. ”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States.
The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual.
In the early 1990s,
many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday).
This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing. ” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes?
One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work, ” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code. ” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes.
In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company,
85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employees’ morale(心境, 士气).
Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity.
Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive,
if you have to wear one every day, ” one person said. “For the same amount of money,
you can buy a lot more casual clothes. ”
从20世纪90年代起, 美国许多公司开始允许员工星期五可以不统一着装上班。现在越来越多的公司许可员工穿便装上班了, 这对调节他们的心情, 调动其工作热情有一定的作用。
1. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because ______ .
A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt B. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time C. he couldn’t stand a clean appearance D. he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者, 衣服一起皱, 他就得换上备用的服装。 2. The reason why David Smith wears casual clothes now is that ______ .
A. they make him feel at ease when working B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话“I’m working harder than ever, ” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable. ” 可找到答案。 3. Which of the following statements CANNOT be inferred from the passage?
A. All the employers in the U.
S.
show their approval for casual office wear.
B. Comfortable clothes increase employees’ productivity.
C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees.
D. Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.
【解析】选A。 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity.
可知还有一些雇主不赞同穿便装上班。 4. According to this passage,
which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.
B. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.
C. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.
D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第二段最后一句“What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing. ” 可以作出正确判断。 (B)
One fine afternoon I was walking along the Fifth Avenue,
when I remembered that I should buy a pair of socks.
I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye,
and a boy clerk of no more than 17 came forward. “What can I do for you,
sir? ” “I wish to buy a pair of socks. ” His eyes glowed. “Did you know that you had come into the finest place in the world to buy socks? ” I had not been aware of that,
as my entrance had been accidental.
“Come with me, ” said the boy.
I followed him to the rear of the shop,
and he began to haul down from the shelves box after box,
displaying their contents for my pleasure.
“I am going to buy only one pair! ” “I know that, ” said he,
“but I want you to see how marvelously beautiful these are.
Aren’t they wonderful? ” There was on his face an expression of solemn and holy delight as if he were revealing to me the mysteries of his religion.
I became far more interested in him than in the socks.
I looked at him in amazement.
“My friend, ” said I,
“if you can keep this up,
if this is not merely the enthusiasm that comes from novelty(新奇),
from having a new job,
if you can keep up this enthusiasm and excitement day after day,
in ten years you will own every sock in the United States. ”
I thought of another salesman,
who displays no interest either in you or in the goods he is paid to sell.
Yet possibly that very clerk who is now so apathetic(冷漠的)began his career with hope and enthusiasm like the one we mentioned. The daily grind was too much for him;
the novelty wore off;
his only pleasures were found outside of working hours.
He became a mechanical,
not inspired salesman.
After being mechanical,
he became incompetent;
then he saw younger clerks who had more enthusiasm in their work,
promoted over him.
He became sour.
That was the last stage.
His usefulness was over.
I have observed this decline in the lives of so many men in so many occupations that I have come to the conclusion that the surest road to failure is to do things mechanically.
作者通过对比两个对待工作不同态度的销售员(一个对自己的工作充满激情, 一个只是在机械地干自己应干的事情)表达了自己的观点：毫无激情机械地做事肯定会导致失败。 5. How did the writer go to the sock shop according to the passage?
A. He went there on purpose.
B. He went there in his car.
C. He went there by chance.
D. He followed someone there.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye, 可知, 作者是偶然进了这家袜子店。 6. When the boy clerk received him enthusiastically,
he felt ______ at his behavior.
A. disappointed
B. crazy C. confused
D. surprised 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中I looked at him in amazement. 可知作者对于小伙子的举止感到很吃惊。 7. From the third paragraph we can infer ______ .
A. the salesman began his work without enthusiasm B. the daily grind can make one lose interest in work C. enthusiasm is very important in one’s career D. being mechanical means finding pleasure over work 【解析】选C。推理判断题。作者在这一段中比较了两种对工作不同态度的人：有的人对工作一开始很有激情, 但日复一日的琐碎磨去了他的热情, 于是就变得对工作了无兴趣, 只是机械地去做, 结果另外那些自始至终对工作抱有希望和热情的人得到了升职, 而前者却丧失了他的价值。由此可知, 对工作抱有热情在一个人的职业生涯中很重要。 8. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A pair of socks B. An enthusiastic boy clerk C. An apathetic salesman D. A salesman’s last stage in his work
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。作者正是由于要买袜子才走进店铺遇见那个对工作充满激情的小伙子的, 从小伙子对待工作的态度引出了作者要讨论的话题, 所以“袜子”是全文的题眼, 而B、C、D三项都很片面。
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 urgent, strengthen, delay, vacant, sacrifice, burden, pray, distribute 1. After the secretary left, this position was still _____ . And the personnel department was very careful to find a man who fitted the job very much.
2. It was selfless of him to
_____ his life to save a drowning girl.
答案：1. vacant
2. sacrifice
3. The plane was badly _______ because of the heavy fog this morning.
4. The friendship between China and North Korea has steadily _________ over these years.
5. The rural areas in west China are in
______ need of talents.
答案：3. delayed
4. strengthened
5. urgent
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States.
The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual.
In the early 1990s,
many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday).
This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing. ” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes?
One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work, ” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code. ” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes.
In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company,
85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employees’ morale(心境，士气).
Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity.
Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive,
if you have to wear one every day, ” one person said. “For the same amount of money,
you can buy a lot more casual clothes. ”
从20世纪90年代起，美国许多公司开始允许员工星期五可以不统一着装上班。现在越来越多的公司许可员工穿便装上班了，这对调节他们的心情，调动其工作热情有一定的作用。
1. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because ______ .
A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt B. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time C. he couldn’t stand a clean appearance D. he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者，衣服一起皱，他就得换上备用的服装。 2. The reason why David Smith wears casual clothes now is that ______ .
A. they make him feel at ease when working B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话“I’m working harder than ever, ” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable. ” 可找到答案。 3. Which of the following statements CANNOT be inferred from the passage?
A. All the employers in the U.
S.
show their approval for casual office wear.
B. Comfortable clothes increase employees’ productivity.
C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees.
D. Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.
【解析】选A。 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity.
可知还有一些雇主不赞同穿便装上班。 4. According to this passage,
which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.
B. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.
C. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.
D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第二段最后一句“What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing. ” 可以作出正确判断。 (B)
One fine afternoon I was walking along the Fifth Avenue,
when I remembered that I should buy a pair of socks.
I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye,
and a boy clerk of no more than 17 came forward. “What can I do for you,
sir? ” “I wish to buy a pair of socks. ” His eyes glowed. “Did you know that you had come into the finest place in the world to buy socks? ” I had not been aware of that,
as my entrance had been accidental.
“Come with me, ” said the boy.
I followed him to the rear of the shop,
and he began to haul down from the shelves box after box,
displaying their contents for my pleasure.
“I am going to buy only one pair! ” “I know that, ” said he,
“but I want you to see how marvelously beautiful these are.
Aren’t they wonderful? ” There was on his face an expression of solemn and holy delight as if he were revealing to me the mysteries of his religion.
I became far more interested in him than in the socks.
I looked at him in amazement.
“My friend, ” said I,
“if you can keep this up,
if this is not merely the enthusiasm that comes from novelty(新奇),
from having a new job,
if you can keep up this enthusiasm and excitement day after day,
in ten years you will own every sock in the United States. ”
I thought of another salesman,
who displays no interest either in you or in the goods he is paid to sell.
Yet possibly that very clerk who is now so apathetic(冷漠的)began his career with hope and enthusiasm like the one we mentioned. The daily grind was too much for him;
the novelty wore off;
his only pleasures were found outside of working hours.
He became a mechanical,
not inspired salesman.
After being mechanical,
he became incompetent;
then he saw younger clerks who had more enthusiasm in their work,
promoted over him.
He became sour.
That was the last stage.
His usefulness was over.
I have observed this decline in the lives of so many men in so many occupations that I have come to the conclusion that the surest road to failure is to do things mechanically.
作者通过对比两个对待工作不同态度的销售员(一个对自己的工作充满激情，一个只是在机械地干自己应干的事情)表达了自己的观点：毫无激情机械地做事肯定会导致失败。 5. How did the writer go to the sock shop according to the passage?
A. He went there on purpose.
B. He went there in his car.
C. He went there by chance.
D. He followed someone there.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye, 可知，作者是偶然进了这家袜子店。 6. When the boy clerk received him enthusiastically,
he felt ______ at his behavior.
A. disappointed
B. crazy C. confused
D. surprised 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中I looked at him in amazement. 可知作者对于小伙子的举止感到很吃惊。 7. From the third paragraph we can infer ______ .
A. the salesman began his work without enthusiasm B. the daily grind can make one lose interest in work C. enthusiasm is very important in one’s career D. being mechanical means finding pleasure over work 【解析】选C。推理判断题。作者在这一段中比较了两种对工作不同态度的人：有的人对工作一开始很有激情，但日复一日的琐碎磨去了他的热情，于是就变得对工作了无兴趣，只是机械地去做，结果另外那些自始至终对工作抱有希望和热情的人得到了升职，而前者却丧失了他的价值。由此可知，对工作抱有热情在一个人的职业生涯中很重要。 8. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A pair of socks B. An enthusiastic boy clerk C. An apathetic salesman D. A salesman’s last stage in his work 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。作者正是由于要买袜子才走进店铺遇见那个对工作充满激情的小伙子的，从小伙子对待工作的态度引出了作者要讨论的话题，所以“袜子”是全文的题眼，而B、C、D三项都很片面。 Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 urgent, strengthen, delay, vacant, sacrifice, burden, pray, distribute 1. After the secretary left, this position was still ______ . And the personnel department was very careful to find a man who fitted the job very much.
2. It was selfless of him to ______ his life to save a drowning girl.
答案：1, vacant
2. sacrifice 3. The plane was badly ______ because of the heavy fog this morning.
4. The friendship between China and North Korea has steadily ______ over these years.
5. The rural areas in west China are in ______ need of talents. 答案：3. delayed
4. strengthened
5. urgent 6. The company went bankrupt and was ______ with heavy debt.
7. The Christians go to church to ______ to God every weekend.
8. Clothes and blankets have been ______ to the refugees.
答案： 6. burdened
7. pray
8. distributed Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. If he can ________ (坚持)a little longer, we can get help for him.
2. The engine ________ (发出)smoke and steam.
3. As winter ________ (让路)spring, the days began to lengthen.
答案： 1. hold on
2. gives off
3. gave way to 4. He did that just to ________ (出名).
5. In a harmonious society, we must make sure that the elderly and the disabled ________ (很好地关怀).
6. The president can’t be here today, so I’m going to speak ________ (代表)him.
答案： 4. make a name 5. are well cared for
6. on behalf of 7. The fact that Taiwan belongs to China is ________ (毫无疑问).
8. This is the secret between us, so don’t ______ it ________ (泄露)to anyone else.
答案： 7. beyond question
8. give; away Ⅲ. 单项填空 1. Who is it up ______ decide whether to go or not?
［2011泰安模拟］ A. to to
B. to
C. for to
D. to for 【解析】选A。 该特殊疑问句可还原成：It is up to somebody to decide whether to go or not. , 对somebody进行提问, 答案就一目了然了。 2. I can’t ______ seeing animals suffer like that.
A. survive
B. refuse C. maintain
D. endure 【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：看到动物遭受这样的痛苦, 我无法忍受。survive幸免; 生还; refuse 拒绝; maintain保持; endure忍受, 后接v.-ing形式。 3. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ______ he is tired out.
［2011吉林模拟］ A. There is no point
B. There is no need C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way 【解析】选C。句意：他已经三天没睡觉了, 难怪他累了。It is no wonder“难怪”。 4. The politician’s statement was contradictory ______ he’d made earlier in the same week.
A. to that
B. with that C. to the one
D. with one 【解析】选C。句意：这个政治家的陈述与同周早期他做的相矛盾。be contradictory to与……相矛盾。 5. The local people ______ building the new hotel because of the great cost.
A. opposed
B. adored C. objected
D. accepted 【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：当地人们因费用高, 反对建新旅馆。oppose反对; adore崇拜; 爱慕; object反对, 后接to; accept接受。 6. The evidence ______ me in my opinion that they are lying.
A. surprises
B. confirms C. controls
D. responds 【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：这些证据使我确信他们在说谎。surprise使……吃惊; confirm确信; control控制; respond答复。 (B)
One fine afternoon I was walking along the Fifth Avenue,
when I remembered that I should buy a pair of socks.
I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye,
and a boy clerk of no more than 17 came forward. “What can I do for you,
sir? ” “I wish to buy a pair of socks. ” His eyes glowed. “Did you know that you had come into the finest place in the world to buy socks? ” I had not been aware of that,
as my entrance had been accidental.
“Come with me, ” said the boy.
I followed him to the rear of the shop,
and he began to haul down from the shelves box after box,
displaying their contents for my pleasure.
“I am going to buy only one pair! ” “I know that, ” said he,
“but I want you to see how marvelously beautiful these are.
Aren’t they wonderful? ” There was on his face an expression of solemn and holy delight as if he were revealing to me the mysteries of his religion.
I became far more interested in him than in the socks.
I looked at him in amazement.
“My friend, ” said I,
“if you can keep this up,
if this is not merely the enthusiasm that comes from novelty(新奇),
from having a new job,
if you can keep up this enthusiasm and excitement day after day,
in ten years you will own every sock in the United States. ”
I thought of another salesman,
who displays no interest either in you or in the goods he is paid to sell.
Yet possibly that very clerk who is now so apathetic（冷漠的）began his career with hope and enthusiasm like the one we mentioned. The daily grind was too much for him;
the novelty wore off;
his only pleasures were found outside of working hours.
He became a mechanical,
not inspired salesman.
After being mechanical,
he became incompetent;
then he saw younger clerks who had more enthusiasm in their work,
promoted over him.
He became sour.
That was the last stage.
His usefulness was over.
I have observed this decline in the lives of so many men in so many occupations that I have come to the conclusion that the surest road to failure is to do things mechanically.
作者通过对比两个对待工作不同态度的销售员(一个对自己的工作充满激情，一个只是在机械地干自己应干的事情)表达了自己的观点：毫无激情机械地做事肯定会导致失败。 5. How did the writer go to the sock shop according to the passage?
A. He went there on purpose.
B. He went there in his car.
C. He went there by chance.
D. He followed someone there.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye, 可知，作者是偶然进了这家袜子店。 6. When the boy clerk received him enthusiastically,
he felt
________ at his behavior.
A. disappointed
B. crazy C. confused
D. surprised 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中I looked at him in amazement. 可知作者对于小伙子的举止感到很吃惊。 7. From the third paragraph we can infer ________.
A. the salesman began his work without enthusiasm B. the daily grind can make one lose interest in work C. enthusiasm is very important in one’s career D. being mechanical means finding pleasure over work 【解析】选C。推理判断题。作者在这一段中比较了两种对工作不同态度的人：有的人对工作一开始很有激情，但日复一日的琐碎磨去了他的热情，于是就变得对工作了无兴趣，只是机械地去做，结果另外那些自始至终对工作抱有希望和热情的人得到了升职，而前者却丧失了他的价值。由此可知，对工作抱有热情在一个人的职业生涯中很重要。 8. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A pair of socks B. An enthusiastic boy clerk C. An apathetic salesman D. A salesman’s last stage in his work 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。作者正是由于要买袜子才走进店铺遇见那个对工作充满激情的小伙子的，从小伙子对待工作的态度引出了作者要讨论的话题，所以“袜子”是全文的题眼，而B、C、D三项都很片面。
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 urgent, strengthen, delay, vacant, sacrifice, burden, pray, distribute 1. After the secretary left, this position was still ______ . And the personnel department was very careful to find a man who fitted the job very much.
答案： vacant 2. It was selfless of him to ______ his life to save a drowning girl.
3. The plane was badly ______ because of the heavy fog this morning.
4. The friendship between China and North Korea has steadily ______ over these years.
答案： 2. sacrifice
3. delayed
4. strengthened 5. The rural areas in west China are in ______ need of talents.
6. The company went bankrupt and was ______ with heavy debt.
7. The Christians go to church to ______ to God every weekend.
8. Clothes and blankets have been ______ to the refugees.
答案： 5. urgent
6. burdened
7. pray
8. distributed Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. If he can ______ (坚持)a little longer, we can get help for him.
2. The engine ______ (发出)smoke and steam.
3. As winter ______ (让路)spring, the days began to lengthen.
4. He did that just to ______ (出名).
答案： 1. hold on
2. gives off
3. gave way to
4. make a name 5. In a harmonious society, we must make sure that the elderly and the disabled ______ (很好地关怀).
6. The president can’t be here today, so I’m going to speak ______ (代表)him.
答案： 5. are well cared for
6. on behalf of 7. The fact that Taiwan belongs to China is ______ (毫无疑问).
8. This is the secret between us, so don’t _____ it ______ (泄露)to anyone else.
答案： 7. beyond question
8. give; away Ⅲ. 单项填空 1. Who is it up ______ decide whether to go or not?
［2011泰安模拟］ A. to to
B. to
C. for to
D. to for 【解析】选A。 该特殊疑问句可还原成：It is up to somebody to decide whether to go or not. , 对somebody进行提问，答案就一目了然了。 2. I can’t ______ seeing animals suffer like that.
A. survive
B. refuse C. maintain
D. endure 【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：看到动物遭受这样的痛苦，我无法忍受。survive幸免；生还；refuse 拒绝；maintain保持；endure忍受，后接v. -ing形式。 3. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ______ he is tired out.
［2011吉林模拟］ A. There is no point
B. There is no need C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way 【解析】选C。句意：他已经三天没睡觉了，难怪他累了。It is no wonder“难怪”。 4. The politician’s statement was contradictory ______ he’d made earlier in the same week.
A. to that
B. with that C. to the one
D. with one 【解析】选C。句意：这个政治家的陈述与同周早期他做的相矛盾。be contradictory to与……相矛盾。 5. The local people ______ building the new hotel because of the great cost.
A. opposed
B. adored C. objected
D. accepted 【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：当地人们因费用高，反对建新旅馆。oppose反对；adore崇拜；爱慕；object反对，后接to; accept接受。 6. The evidence ______ me in my opinion that they are lying.
A. surprises
B. confirms C. controls
D. responds 【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：这些证据使我确信他们在说谎。surprise使……吃惊；confirm确信；control控制；respond答复。 7. It is said that he will ______ his uncle’s business when he is mature enough to deal with the public relations.
［2011合肥模拟］ A. think over
B. hand over
C. take over
D. go over
【解析】选C。句意：据说，当他成熟到能处理公共关系时，他将接管他叔叔的事业。take over接管；think over仔细考虑；hand over移交；go over回顾，复习。 【举一反三】 It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over
B. think over C. hand over
D. go over 【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他老的时候，他肯定会把生意移交给他的儿子。take over接管；think over仔细考虑；hand over移交；go over回顾，复习。 8. Do you have any faith ______ what he said?
A. in
B. to
C. of
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：你相信他说的吗？have (no) faith in sb. /sth. (不)相信某人/某物。 9. This is a very special flower and it can ______ a strong sweet perfume at night.
［2011白鹭洲模拟］ A. give in
B. give up C. give out
D. give over 【解析】选C。句意：这是一种非常特殊的花，它晚上会散发一种强烈的香味。give in屈服，投降；give up放弃; give out发出，放出; give over停止，交出。 10. I am afraid Tim just isn’t ______ the job.
［2011福州模拟］ A. fit to
B. up to
C. appropriate
D. suit 【解析】选B。句意：我恐怕Tim不胜任这份工作。be up to胜任；忙于；appropriate适合的；suit适合; fit to适合的，恰当的。 11. —You mean the position is still ______ ?
—Yes, but you must know our job is very demanding.
—I don’t mind.
A. necessary
B. vacant C. handy
D. convenient 【解析】选B。necessary必要的；vacant(职位)空缺的；handy便利的；手边的；convenient方便的。 12. The memory was so terrible that she tried to block it ______ .
A. out
B. in
C. to
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：这份回忆太可怕了，她努力不去回忆。block. . . out不去想(回忆)。 13. Under no circumstances ______ be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. China will
B. will China C. must China
D. China must 【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：无论如何中国都不会是第一个使用核武器的国家。under no circumstances是否定词，放在句首，句子用部分倒装。 14. My grandfather ______ smoking, but only smokes when he is free.
A. is proud of
B. is fond of C. is familiar with
D. is afraid of 【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：我的爷爷喜欢抽烟，但他只是在空闲时抽。be proud of以……自豪；be fond of喜欢；爱好；be familiar with对……熟悉；be afraid of害怕。 15. ______ with all the worries, the young man who was out of work felt upset all day long.
A. To be burdened
B. To burden C. Burdening
D. Burdened 【解析】选D。句意：肩负着所有的担心，这个失业的年轻人整天感到沮丧。be burdened with肩负着。当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略系动词be。 Ⅳ. 阅读理解 (A)
Five years ago,
David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict(有瘾的人), ” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled. ” Today David wears casual clothes—khaki pants and a sports shirt—to the office.
He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever, ” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable. ”
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 urgent, strengthen, delay, vacant, sacrifice, burden, pray, distribute 1. After the secretary left, this position was still vacant . And the personnel department was very careful to find a man who fitted the job very much.
2. It was selfless of him to
sacrifice
his life to save a drowning girl.
3. The plane was badly
delayed
because of the heavy fog this morning.
4. The friendship between China and North Korea has steadily strengthened
over these years.
5. The rural areas in west China are in
urgent
need of talents.
6. The company went bankrupt and was burdened with heavy debt.
7. The Christians go to church to
pray
to God every weekend.
8. Clothes and blankets have been distributed to the refugees.
Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. If he can hold on (坚持)a little longer, we can get help for him.
2. The engine gives off （发出）smoke and steam.
3. As winter
gave way to (让路)spring, the days began to lengthen.
4. He did that just to make a name (出名).
5. In a harmonious society, we must make sure that the elderly and the disabled are well cared for (很好地关怀).
6. The president can’t be here today, so I’m going to speak
on behalf of （代表）him.
7. The fact that Taiwan belongs to China is beyond question (毫无疑问).
8. This is the secret between us, so don’t give it away
(泄露)to anyone else.
Ⅲ. 单项填空 1. Who is it up
______ decide whether to go or not?
［2011泰安模拟］ A. to to
B. to
C. for to
D. to for 【解析】选A。该特殊疑问句可还原成：It is up to somebody to decide whether to go or not. , 对somebody进行提问，答案就一目了然了。 2. I can’t ________ seeing animals suffer like that.
A. survive
B. refuse
C. maintain
D. endure 【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：看到动物遭受这样的痛苦，我无法忍受。survive幸免；生还；refuse 拒绝；maintain保持；endure忍受，后接v. -ing形式。 3. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. _______ he is tired out.
［2011吉林模拟］ A. There is no point
B. There is no need C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way 【解析】选C。句意：他已经三天没睡觉了，难怪他累了。It is no wonder“难怪”。 4. The politician’s statement was contradictory _______ he’d made earlier in the same week.
A. to that
B. with that C. to the one
D. with one 【解析】选C。句意：这个政治家的陈述与同周早期他做的相矛盾。be contradictory to与……相矛盾。 5. The local people ________ building the new hotel because of the great cost.
A. opposed
B. adored C. objected
D. accepted 【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：当地人们因费用高，反对建新旅馆。oppose反对；adore崇拜；爱慕；object反对，后接to; accept接受。 6. The evidence _______ me in my opinion that they are lying.
A. surprises
B. confirms C. controls
D. responds 【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：这些证据使我确信他们在说谎。surprise使……吃惊；confirm确信；control控制；respond答复。 7. It is said that he will ______ his uncle’s business when he is mature enough to deal with the public relations.
［2011合肥模拟］ A. think over
B. hand over
C. take over
D. go over
【解析】选C。句意：据说，当他成熟到能处理公共关系时，他将接管他叔叔的事业。take over接管；think over仔细考虑；hand over移交；go over回顾，复习。 【举一反三】 It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over
B. think over C. hand over
D. go over 【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他老的时候，他肯定会把生意移交给他的儿子。take over接管；think over仔细考虑；hand over移交；go over回顾，复习。 8. Do you have any faith _______ what he said?
A. in
B. to
C. of
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：你相信他说的吗？have(no)faith in sb. /sth. （不）相信某人/某物。 9. This is a very special flower and it can ______ a strong sweet perfume at night.
［2011白鹭洲模拟］ A. give in
B. give up C. give out
D. give over 【解析】选C。句意：这是一种非常特殊的花，它晚上会散发一种强烈的香味。give in屈服，投降；give up放弃; give out发出，放出; give over停止，交出。 10. I am afraid Tim just isn’t
_______ the job.
［2011福州模拟］ A. fit to
B. up to
C. appropriate
D. suit 【解析】选B。句意：我恐怕Tim不胜任这份工作。be up to胜任；忙于；appropriate适合的；suit适合; fit to适合的，恰当的。 11. —You mean the position is still _________?
—Yes, but you must know our job is very demanding.
—I don’t mind.
A. necessary
B. vacant C. handy
D. convenient 【解析】选B。necessary必要的；vacant（职位）空缺的；handy便利的；手边的；convenient方便的。 12. The memory was so terrible that she tried to block it ________.
A. out
B. in
C. to
D. on 【解析】选A。句意：这份回忆太可怕了，她努力不去回忆。block. . . out不去想（回忆）。 13. Under no circumstances _______ be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. China will
B. will China C. must China
D. China must 【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：无论如何中国都不会是第一个使用核武器的国家。under no circumstances是否定词，放在句首，句子用部分倒装。 14. My grandfather _______ smoking, but only smokes when he is free.
A. is proud of
B. is fond of C. is familiar with
D. is afraid of 【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：我的爷爷喜欢抽烟，但他只是在空闲时抽。be proud of以……自豪；be fond of喜欢；爱好；be familiar with对……熟悉；be afraid of害怕。 15.
_______ with all the worries, the young man who was out of work felt upset all day long.
A. To be burdened
B. To burden C. Burdening
D. Burdened 【解析】选D。句意：肩负着所有的担心，这个失业的年轻人整天感到沮丧。be burdened with肩负着。当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略系动词be。 Ⅳ. 阅读理解 (A)
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared （红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide （杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a
whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest （害虫）problems.
Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running“fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, ” says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了将原用于军事和卫星的红外线扫描技术运用于农业的前景，人们为此所做出的努力及遇到的困难。 1. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are _________ .
A. sprayed with pesticides B. facing an infrared scanner C. in poor physical condition D. exposed to excessive sun rays 【解析】选C。细节理解题。依据文章第二段“. . . an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running‘fevers’”，说明植物在发“高烧”，也就是说，“身体状况”不佳时才会散发热，所以选项C符合题意。
2. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to __________ .
A. estimate the damage to the crops B. measure the size of the affected area C. draw a color-coded map D. locate the problem area 【解析】选D。推理判断题。本题考查使用红外线扫描技术的目的。依据文章第二段“. . . showing where plants were running ‘fevers’. Farmers could then spot-spray，. . . ”说明目的是确定有问题的区域，以使农民有针对性地喷杀虫剂。显然，选项D（确定有问题的地域）为最佳选项。 3. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by __________.
A. resorting to spot-spraying B. consulting infrared scanning experts C. transforming poisoned rain D. detecting crop problems at an early stage 【解析】选A。细节理解题。依据文章第二段最后一句“Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. ”（采取点喷，农民们可以节省平时用量的50％至70％的杀虫剂），选项A符合题意。 4. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties— ________.
A. the lack of official support B. its high cost C. the lack of financial support D. its failure to help increase production
【解析】选C。推理判断题。依据文章第三段的“The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984，after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. ”，可以看出红外线扫描技术应用于农业遇到了一些问题，原因有两个：一是农民对新技术的抵制，二是难以找到长期赞助商。文章中还有一处明显的提示出现在最后一句：“But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago. ”从该句提供的信息同样可以反推出10年前的情形，所以选项C正确。 Ⅲ. 句式填空 1. It is/was no wonder that 难怪…… It was no wonder that (难怪) Frank Wild, the kindest of men, describes “crying like a baby” when he saw Shackleton return at last with the rescue party.
2. What’s up? 什么事？发生什么事了？ What’s up (出什么事了), daughter?
3. have had enough of 对……感到腻烦而无法再容忍 I have had enough of (烦透了)your soldiers.
Ⅳ. 教材设题 1. He was always honest with us and never ______ to disappointment, even when the ship sank.
A. gave way
B. gave out
C. gave up
D. gave off 【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他对我们总是很坦诚，他从不灰心丧气，即便是在船沉的时候也是如此。give way to 让步；让路。 2. We had to be very particular about our personal care because a ________ temperature could harm us.
A. urgent
B. cosy C. changeable
D. cheerful 【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。句意：我们必须关心自己的健康因为常变的天气会伤害我们。urgent急迫的；紧急的；cosy舒适的；安逸的； changeable可变的；cheerful愉快的。 3. Cordelia’s devotion _______ Your Majesty is beyond question.
A. for
B. with
C. on
D. to 【解析】选D。句意：科迪莉亚对陛下您的热爱是毋庸置疑的。devotion 与to连用，表示“忠诚”。 1. I am a careless man, so I can never think clearly enough to _______ my time properly.
A. allocate
B. waste
C. shorten
D. advocate 【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：我是个粗心的人，从来不会头脑清醒地考虑合理分配时间。allocate 分配；waste浪费；shorten缩短；advocate拥护；提倡。 2. He was so weak that he could not carry the ______ alone.
A. shoulder
B. endurance C. faith
D. burden 【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意：他是这样的虚弱以至于他一人挑不起这个重担。shoulder肩膀；endurance忍耐；faith信任，信念；burden重担。 1. This is a collection of stories that were handed _______ from generation to generation.
A. over
B. down
C. up
D. around 【解析】选B。句意：这是一代一代流传下来的故事集。hand down流传。 2. We put a cloth across the window to ______ the sunlight.
A. speak out
B. get out C. block out
D. live out 【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们将布横挂在窗子上来遮住阳光。speak out大声说出；get out出去；block out封住；live out实践，活过。 —John has got a very good mark in the examination.
— _______ he looks so happy.
［2011青岛模拟］ A. No doubt
B. No wonder C. No matter
D. No good 【解析】选B。考查交际用语。句意：——约翰考试得了高分。——难怪他看起来那么高兴。no wonder难怪。 1. —I’m so glad I caught you at home. I need your help!
— ________ , Robin?
［2011临沂模拟］ A. What’s up
B. What else C. How come
D. Why not 【解析】选A。本题考查交际用语。What’s up？怎么了？ 2. 完成下列句子 1）他发誓要好好学习不让父母失望。 He swore to study hard and not let his parents down.
2）小女孩发誓说她没有偷钱。 The little girl swore that she hadn’t stolen the money .