课时知能训练
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2017·汕头质检)A friend of mine met with an accident driving in darkness.His legs were so hurt that he couldn't move.What was the worst was he found himself unable to ask for help—his mobile phone went out of __1__as a result of exhausted battery.Nothing could be done but to __2__in cold wilderness.It was 8 hours later that day broke，and then the __3__of the rescue.
It was almost __4__that he could stand the horror in the darkness for so long.Even more surprising was his __5__：“First of all I checked up my physical conditions and found myself not in mortal (必死的) danger.As there was no __6__ to call for help，I leaned back in my seat trying my best to keep the wound from bleeding.In this way I dozed (打盹) off.”
His story put an end to my regret for the __7__of an exploration adventure that happened last year.A group of young men tried to explore a mountain cave and got lost.__8__ to find a way out in the dark cave.They were frightened and ran anxiously without a sense of __9__.Finally they fell dead in fear and exhaustion (筋疲力尽)．According to the __10__people that found them，the place where they got lost was only about 20 meters away from the __11__of the cave.If they stayed on the spot when they lost their way and tried to __12__themselves，they would probably sense a faint light glimmering (闪烁) not far away.
Don't you think that you can compare it with __13__itself? When you meet with obstacles in life and work，you are lost in darkness.__14__you it's unclear yet and you needn't put up struggle __15__.It seems to be a negative attitude，but a person who can afford to do so must have foresight as well as a great courage in the first place.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过两个事例的对比，说明无论是在生活中还是在工作中，当人们处于困境或危急状况时，不轻举妄动、保持镇静是智慧和勇气的表现。
1．A.service B．way
C．order
D．work
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据句意可知，因为电池用尽，手机不能用了。go out of work意为“不工作”；out of service意为“停止服务”；out of order意为“混乱”。根据语境可知，选D。
【答案】 D
2．A.cry
B．lie
C．wait
D．sleep
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意：除了等，别无选择。此处是固定句型nothing can be done but do，相当于have no choice but to do。从作者叙述朋友在深夜受伤但非常镇静这一事实可知，选C。
【答案】 C
3．A.delay
B．success
C．team
D．arrival
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，作者的朋友最终获救了，因此此处应是援救“到来”了。delay不合题意，因为作者已经说明朋友没有办法呼救；此处作者强调的也不是“成功”。
【答案】 D
4．A.untrue
B．unimaginable
C．true
D．useless
【解析】 考查形容词辨析。根据下文可知，朋友在那样的情况下竟然能够打个盹，作者认为这是令人“无法想象的”。作者此处是在赞扬朋友在那样的情况下能如此镇静，其他选项不合文意。
【答案】 B
5．A.plan
B．decision
C．explanation
D．excuse
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据句意可知，朋友对作者的解释更让作者惊讶。根据下文可以排除其他选项，此处不是朋友的“计划”，更不是“决定”和“借口”。
【答案】 C
6．A.method
B．way
C．tools
D．strength
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据句意可知，朋友无法呼救。way做事情的方式，可用于指没有办法呼救，method多表示解决问题的具体“方法”。
【答案】 B
7．A.loss
B．failure
C．disappointment
D．sadness
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，探险“失败”了。loss意为“损失”，不符合文意。
【答案】 B
8．A.Willing
B．Unable
C．Determined
D．Deciding
【解析】 考查形容词辨析。根据下文这群年轻人乱作一团可知，他们找不到出口。其他选项均不符合逻辑。
【答案】 B
9．A.hearing
B．sight
C．feeling
D．direction
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据这群年轻人迷路可知，他们乱跑一气，没有了“方向”感。
【答案】 D
10．A.rescue
B．village
C．local
D．brave
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，发现年轻人失败真相的应是“营救”人员，此处不是指“当地的人”，作者强调的也不是“勇敢的人”。
【答案】 A
11．A.end
B．top
C．opening
D．side
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据下文“a faint light glimmering.”可知，此处指的是“出口”，故用opening。
【答案】 C
12．A.save
B．help
C．stop
D．calm
【解析】 考查动词辨析。作者强调的是人们处于危急或困境时应“保持镇静”，故用calm。
【答案】 D
13．A.adventure
B．work
C．life
D．mankind
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，作者由上述两个事例联想到“生活”，life最具有概括性。作者把上述的经验和教训与人们的实际生活联系起来，其他选项都太片面。
【答案】 C
14．A.Mind
B．Watch
C．Imagine
D．Warn
【解析】 考查动词辨析。mind sb.意为“提醒某人”，符合语境。句意：处于迷茫状态时，你应该提醒自己情况不明朗，不要轻举妄动。watch意为“注视、监视”；imagine意为“想象”，不符合语境；warn意为“警告”，语气太强，也不符合语境。
【答案】 A
15．A.really
B．immediately
C．carefully
D．hopefully
【解析】 考查副词辨析。根据句意可知，作者希望人们在处于危急或困境时应“保持镇静”，不要轻举妄动，因此不必“立即”去斗争。
【答案】 B
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2017·深圳模拟)Child labor has been a problem for many years.Over a hundred years ago，Charles Dickens shocked many of his readers when 1.________(describe)the conditions under which young children worked in British factories.2.________conditions Dickens described continue，almost unchanged today，in many parts of the world.The only difference is 3.________today's employment of children is confined to small industries and family businesses，such as hotels，restaurants and 4.________(particular)farms，rather than to large factories.The children not only receive nothing or very 5.________for their long hours of work，but also they 6.________(prevent) from attending school.Therefore，when they become older they are 7.________(able) to do any other kind of work.
The solution 8.________the problem of child labour is clearly better laws to protect young children，greater supervision (监督) of industry and heavier fines for 9.________who break the laws.Only 10.________this way can young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most valuable time of their lives—childhood.
【语篇解读】 多年以来雇佣童工一直是个问题，至今仍未改变。解决方法应该是更严的法律，更大的监管及更重的罚款。
1．describing 分词作状语。其逻辑主语为主句的主语Charles Dickens，构成主动关系。
2．The 特指Dickens所描述的状况。
3．that 引导表语从句。
4．particularly 该词修饰前面的动词be confined to(束缚于)。
5．little 表否定，与前面的nothing一词一致。
6．are prevented 孩子们被禁止去上学。
7．unable be unable to do sth.不能做某事。
8．to the solution/answer/key to the problem问题的解决方法。
9．those 泛指一类人。注意何时用anyone的情况，如：God helps those who help themselves.＝God helps anyone who helps himself.
10．in 以这种方式in this way。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Creativity is the ability to create inventions，solve problems or create a work of art using an unusual or innovative(革新的)approach.Creativity is also a skill in high demand in business and in many other forms of employment.All progress is the result of some sort of creative act.Thus someone who can produce such acts on a consistent basis is a valuable addition to any undertaking.
Research has shown that too much passive media consumption at a young age prevents the development of creativity.You might think that creativity is a result of high intelligence，but that is not the case.Sure，it does not hurt to be smart，but you can be a smart robot without being able to imagine new ways of doing things.On the other hand it's common knowledge that traveling increases your ability to think“outside the box”，because you experience a lot of new things and different ways of doing things when you witness how people from other cultures live.
So what is the difference between surfing the web and watching TV and traveling？Watching TV is very passive and your brain simply discards most of it.And it is as if it has become cluttered(凌乱的)with useless information that it cannot really process.
When you are doing things actively，by being there，by having a heightened sense of alert，very positive things happen.For example，remember your last trip.Let's say you've been to Tokyo.For most nonJapanese the experience of being in the city is very impressive.Everything is huge.There are lots of people and technology is everywhere.Because the city is new for you，your brain switches in“possibly dangerous”mode.You notice much more，even tiny details.
Now that your mind is open it also stores the information better，because of your aroused state.All your input is stored with stronger emotions and is thus easier to recall later.That's why you should travel or simply go to new places in your town.Actively observe how you feel and then try to reproduce the feeling at a familiar place.This way you will learn to see things with the eyes of a traveler.
【语篇解读】 本文以看电视、上网、外出旅游为例论述了怎样培养创造性思维。
1．What do we know from Paragraph 1?
A．Creativity is an important characteristic for business people.
B．Creativity is used just to create inventions or solve problems.
C．A creative personality is only useful in art.
D．Creativity isn't necessarily important for all people.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Creativity is also a skill in high demand in business”和“Thus someone who...to any undertaking.”可推断，答案为A项。
【答案】 A
2．What can be inferred about creativity from the passage?
A．It belongs to people with great intelligence.
B．Experiencing new things is helpful for you to develop it.
C．It means people know about others who live in different cultures.
D．It is like a clever robot that can do many things.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段“...traveling increases your ability to think“outside the box，”because you experience a lot of new things...”可推断，答案为B项。
【答案】 B
3．Which of the following words in the passage has the opposite meaning to the underlined word “discards” in Paragraph 3?
A．Prevents
B．Increases.
C．Switches.
D．Stores.
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据句中“Watching TV is very passive...”和第五段“...it also stores the information better，because of your aroused state.”可知，discard与store意思相反，故答案为D项。
【答案】 D
4．An example of a trip to Tokyo is given in Paragraph 4 to show that________.
A．the Japanese are one of the intelligent peoples
B．traveling is positive but sometimes dangerous
C．positive things happen while people are traveling abroad
D．most nonJapanese are curious about Tokyo
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段“...very positive things happen.For example，remember your last trip.”可推断，答案为C项。
【答案】 C
5．Which of the following statements does the author agree with?
A．Traveling abroad is the only way to enrich people's knowledge.
B．Traveling is likely to arouse people's creativity.
C．Surfing the web is good for developing creativity.
D．Watching TV is an active way of gaining information.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据末段和“That's why you should travel or simply go to new places in your town.”可推断，答案为B项。
【答案】 B
B
Austin Yowler,13，has football practice Tuesday through Thursday.His brother Kendall,8，has soccer practice Tuesday and Friday.Both boys play their games on weekends，which means calling time out for family dinners can be difficult for the Yowler family of Burlington.They try to squeeze them in two to three times a week.
“Today，everybody lives such busy lives，and dinner time is just a good time to catch up with what everybody's doing，” says the boys' father，David Yowler.
“It's really important，” his wife，Suzanne，says，“We always did it when I was a kid.You never know what kids might tell us.They are not very ready to give information at this age，so it's nice to get little interesting things once in a while.”
Indeed，the family dinner might be more important than many people realize.“Surveys have found that the more often children have dinners with their parents，the less likely they are to smoke，drink or use drugs，and that parental engagement fostered around the dinner table is one of the most powerful tools to help parents raise healthy，drugfree children，” says a report.
Austin Yowler，an eighthgrader，says，“it's nice to just sit down with everybody once in a while.” But he adds that in the evenings he doesn't have football，“I just like to go and hang out with my friends.Having to come home in the middle of that is just kind of...” His facial expression finishes the thought.
It's the conversations happening at the table—not the food being eaten—that is key，the report says.Dinner time is the best time to strengthen family ties and learn what's going on in each other's lives.
“I know family dinners are important，so I tell everyone no texting，no TV and no video games，” says Deanna Eppers of Milford，whose three children are in college，high school and sixth grade.It's OK，though，for a mom to “call” the kids to the table by texting a message.“Otherwise，” she says，“they say they don't hear me.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇资讯报道。家人在一起吃饭是很重要的一件事。事实上，已经有研究成果表明：和家人一起吃正餐的孩子在学校会表现得更好，抽烟、酗酒、嗑药、打架的概率比起在家自己吃饭的孩子要低。
6．The underlined word “they” may refer to ________.
A．busy lives
B．games
C．family dinners
D．kids
【解析】 猜测词义题。从后面的are not very ready to give information at this age可知在这个年龄阶段，他们不愿意说出一些话来，因此这里的they指的是前面句子中的kids。
【答案】 D
7．Why is a family dinner important?
A．Because the family can learn about each other's life.
B．Because children can enjoy delicious food at this time.
C．Because parents can teach children table manners.
D．Because children needn't do extra activities after school.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句话可知吃饭的时间是家庭成员之间互相了解情况的最佳时间。
【答案】 A
8．It can be inferred that Austin's expression was ________.
A．a pleasure
B．a pain
C．a joke
D．a duty
【解析】 推理判断题。从第五段Austin说的话可知他想和朋友们在外面一起玩，但是中途要回来和家人一起吃饭，这对他来说应该是一件痛苦的事情，所以选B。
【答案】 B
9．Deanna called kids to dinner table by texting a message because
________.
A．she couldn't shout at the top of her voice
B．texting a message is a fashionable thing
C．sometimes the kids pretended not to hear her
D．the children may forget it even if she called them
【解析】 细节理解题。从最后一段的最后一句话可知她认为孩子们有的时候假装没有听见叫他们回去吃饭，所以选C。
【答案】 C
10．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．kids like to eat family dinners
B．kids are too busy to eat dinners
C．kids are unwilling to eat at home
D．kids need those family dinners
【解析】 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了家人在一起吃饭的重要性。经常和孩子们在一起吃饭，可以让他们学会一些良好的行为，促进父母和孩子们之间的关系等，因此D符合主旨。
【答案】 D
11．用30词左右概括文章大意
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 This passage mainly tells that family dinners are very important to kids and the more often children have dinners with their parents，the less likely they are to smoke，drink or use drugs.