高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版选修八Module 2
知识详解
① blame vt. 责备，指责，把……归咎于
n． 埋怨，责备，责怪，责任
(回归课本P25)The outcome of the story is that Perugia got the blame for the crime and went to prison.
故事的结果是佩鲁贾因犯罪受到惩罚而入狱。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Don’t try to blame it on me！别想赖我！
②They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.
他们责怪秘书延误了计划。
③The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.
那起交通事故不应该怪司机。
④Who is to blame for the mistake？对这个过错谁应负责？
⑤The company is ready to take the blame for what has happened.公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。
【即境活用】
1．I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child.
A．is to blame B．is going to blame
C．is to be blamed
D．should blame
解析：选A。本题考查固定短语be to blame “该受责备，应负责任”。
2．完成句子
It’s you who ________________ for the delay of work.
工作耽误了，是你该受到责备。
答案：are to blame
②appeal v． 呼吁，恳请，求助；吸引；唤起
n． 呼吁，恳请；吸引力；上诉
(回归课本P25)We’re appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们呼吁无论是谁看到了嫌疑犯，请与我们联系。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①(朗文P80)The magazine is intended to appeal to working women in their 20s or 30s.
这本杂志旨在吸引20几岁到30几岁的职业女性读者。
②The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
③They’re appealing to local businesses for sponsorship money.
他们正请求当地公司提供赞助资金。
④He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.
他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。
【即境活用】
3．(南京三模)The idea of traveling abroad really ________ a lot of Chinese people.That’s why every year witnesses more people applying for passports.
A．takes to
B．caters to
C．attends to
D．appeals to
解析：选D。本题考查动词短语。句意为“出国旅游的想法吸引了很多中国人。那就是为什么每年都有很多人申请护照。”appeal to sb.“对某人有吸引力”。
4.We said we’d give her another chance，and we must ________ our promise.
A．appeal to
B．stick to
C．lead to
D．owe to
解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我们说过我们将再给她一次机会，我们必须信守诺言。appeal to吸引，呼吁；lead to导致；owe to因为，由于；归功于；stick to信守，坚持符合句意。
③suspect vt.& vi. 猜想；觉得；怀疑，不信任
n． 嫌疑犯，可疑对象
(回归课本P25)We’re appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们呼吁无论是谁看到了嫌疑犯，请与我们联系。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①They all suspected the man with a moustache to be a robber.
他们都猜测留着胡子的那个人是抢劫犯。
②I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.
我开始觉察出，他们试图摆脱我。
③(牛津P2037)The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.人们怀疑这种药物造成200人死亡。
【即境活用】
5．The man ________ of shooting six school children was caught by Beijing police，the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.
A．being suspectedB．suspecting
C．suspected
D．to be suspected
解析：选C。suspected of... 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰the man。A、D两项从时间角度考虑不合适。
6.Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ money.
A．suspected of having stolen
B．suspected to steal
C．suspected having stolen
D．suspecting to have stolen
解析：选A。句意为“怀疑某人做某事”的结构是suspect sb.of doing sth.因此答案为A，这里用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰boy。
④seek v．(sought；sought) 寻求，寻找；追求；探求，探索；
(正式)试图
(回归课本P25)We’re seeking a gang of criminals.
我们正在寻找一伙罪犯。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①The student often seeks advice from the teacher on his study.
这个学生经常向老师寻求学习建议。
②It is noble to seek for knowledge.
寻求知识是高尚的。
③Young people long to seek their fortune in the world.
年轻人渴望闯天下。
④(朗文P1845)Local shools are seeking to reduce the dropout rate.地方学校在寻求降低辍学率。
【即境活用】
7．In the early 1920s，thousands of people went to Australia to ________ their fortune.
A．seek B．take
C．develop
D．undertake
解析：选A。句意：20世纪20年代初期，成千上万的人到澳大利亚寻找发财机会。seek one’s fortune 外出寻找发财机会是固定搭配。
⑤leave sth./sb.behind 把……抛/落在后面，遗留，超过
(回归课本P25)The burglar left the antique frame and the glass behind.
盗贼只留下了古董架和玻璃框。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①He was left far behind from the start of the race.
比赛一开始他就被远远地抛在后面。
②Oh，dear！The bag has been left behind.
啊呀！把包给落下了。
③I’ve told you to leave my things alone.
我已经告诉过你不可动我的东西。
④This word is wrongly spelt；you’ve left out a letter.
这单词拼错了，你漏了一个字母。
⑤Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened?
你把门窗关好了吗？
⑥They’ll leave for Australia tomorrow morning.
他们明天早上将动身去澳大利亚。
【即境活用】
8．He won’t help us even if we are good friends;
________ we treated him badly before.
A．let alone B．leave alone
C．leave out
D．leave behind
解析：选A。考查固定词组的用法。A项“更不必说”；B项“不管， 不理会”；C项“遗漏，省略”；D项“遗留，留下”。由题意知A项正确。
⑥ take up 占有(时间/空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起
(回归课本P27)Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society，the son of John Shakespeare，a government official in rural England in the mid－1500s，may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.
假如没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会阶层有书可读，16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①I’ll try not to take up too much of your time.
我会尽量不占用你太多时间。
②He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.他开始学习英语之前已经学一年半日语了。
③(牛津P2060)I’d like to take up the point you raised earlier.
我想继续谈一谈你早些时候提出的问题。
④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without being late?
一周不迟到，你能接受这一挑战吗？
【即境活用】
9．(湖北华师大一附中)She was ________ whether to follow her husband to go abroad or to stay at home to look after her parents.
A．taken awayB．taken up
C．taken off
D．taken between
解析：选D。本题考查动词短语。take between表示“在……和……之间进行协调选择”。本句中的whether...or说明这种选择。take away“拿走”；take up“从事”；take off“起飞；脱下”。
10.My study of biology has ________ much of my spare time，but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
A．taken in
B．taken down
C．taken up
D．taken away
解析：选C。take in欺骗；take down写下，拆下；take up占去；take away取走。C项符合题意：“学习生物占去了我大量的业余时间……”
⑦depend on 依靠，依赖，取决于
(回归课本P22)Unlike other places in Europe，where house owners were taxed on the size of their windows，here the taxes depended on the width of the house...
在欧洲其他地方，房屋主人要根据窗户的尺寸纳税；此处却不同，这里的税金是根据房屋的宽度而定……
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.
你能否通过考试取决于你有多努力。
②Children depend on their parents for living.
儿童依靠父母生活。
③You may depend on me to help you.
你放心，我会帮助你的。
④You may depend on it that they will support you.
你相信好了，他们会支持你的。
【即境活用】
11．How much is produced ________ how hard we work.
A．depending on
B．depends on
C．independent
D．dependent on
解析：选B。How much is produced是主语从句，在此作主语，所以空格处应填谓语动词，故B项正确。
12.Don’t worry，we can depend on ________ she will help us with our business.
A．that
B．/
C．it that
D．what
解析：选C。句意是：不要担心，我们相信她会来帮助我们搞生意的。depend on it that... 是习惯句式，意为“相信某人做某事”。
句型梳理
①【教材原句】 Without the development of the printing press，the Renaissance may never have happened.(P27)
假如没有印刷术的发展，也许根本不会出现文艺复兴。
【句法分析】 这是一个虚拟语气的句型，用介词without来代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with，without，but for等。
①What would you do with a million dollars？(＝if you have a million dollars)
假如你有100万美元你会怎样？
②We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if we hadn’t got your help)
假如没有你的帮助我们不会提前完成工作。
③But for the rain(＝If it hadn’t been for the rain)，we would have finished the work.
要不是下雨我们就已经完成工作了。
【即境活用】
13．(山西太原测评)—But for your timely warning，we ________ into great trouble.
—Well，you know we’re friends.
A．would get B．must have got
C．would have got
D．can’t have got
解析：选C。前句句意“多亏了你及时提醒，否则我们就会惹大麻烦了。”从语境分析，“提醒”已经在过去发生了，因此，后面表示的是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
14.Without electricity，human life ________ quite difficult today.
A．is
B．will be
C．would have been
D．would be
解析：选D。句意为“没有电，人们的生命就会完全不同。”从语境分析，这里说的是和现在事实相反的假设。
②【教材原句】 It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.(P16)
据称《蒙娜·丽莎》是一种新的绘画风格——印象派风格的典范，这种绘画风格一经使用就使人们惊叹不已。
【句法分析】 (1)主句的主语是it，it代指上文中的the Mona Lisa，is believed是谓语，to be best example of a new life－like style of painting是主语补足语，that amazed people是定语从句，when it was first used是状语从句。
(2)主句属于“sth./sb.is believed to do/to be...”句型，该句型可改写成“It is believed that...”(其中it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是that引导的从句)或“People believe that...”的形式。如：
①He is believed to be fit for the position.
＝It is believed that he is fit for the position.
＝People believe that he is fit for the position.
据称他是这个职位的合适人选。
相似的结构还有：
It is thought that... 大家认为……
It is said that...据说……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is well－known that... 众所周知……
It is generally considered that... 大家认为……
It is supposed that... 据推测……
②John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.
＝It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
据说约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。
③He is said to have written a new book about workers.
＝It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
据说他写了一本有关工人的新书。
【即境活用】
15．完成句子
(1)He is said ________________(学习) abroad,
but I don’t know which country he studied in.(study)
答案：to have study
(2)________________(规定) in the school rules that all the students should wear school uniform every Monday morning.(require)
答案：It is required
16．(宝鸡模拟)The Foreign Minister said，“________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A．This is B．There is
C．It is
D．That is
解析：选C。句意：外交部长说：“我们希望双方会共谋和平。”it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。