2017届高考英语一轮总复习语法专题复习课件：2.冠词

　　冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词。

　　一、不定冠词的用法

　　1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.

　　2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.

　　3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.

　　4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.

　　5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr.Smith came to visit you when you were out.

　　That boy is rather a Lei Feng.

　　6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time

　　7 用于quite，rather，many，half，what，such之后 This room is rather a big one.

　　8 用于so(as, too, how)＋形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

　　二、定冠词的用法

　　1 表示某一类人或物 The horse is a useful animal.

　　2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

　　3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door?

　　4 用于乐器前面 play the violin, play the guitar

　　5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the rich, the living, the wounded

　　6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs

　　7 用于序数词和形容词、副词比较级、最高级前 He is the taller of the two children.

　　8 用于国家、党派等以及江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the

　　Communist Party of China，

　　the French

　　9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.

　　10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s

　　11 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.

　　12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前 He patted me on the shoulder.

　　三、 零冠词的用法

　　零冠词就是名词前不用冠词，有以下几种情况：

　　1 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

　　2 名词前有this，my，whose，some，no, each, every等限制时 I want this book, not that one./Whose purse is this？

　　3 季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring

　　4 表示职位、身份、头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.

　　5 学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess.

　　6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land

　　7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

　　8

　　表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.

　　四、近四年广东高考语法填空中每年都出现了冠词的考点

　　2007：the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometres away.

　　2008：It is said that a short­tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960－1279) was very anxious to help

　　______ rice crop grow up quickly.

　　【答案】 a　表示不确指概念，故用不定冠词。

　　【答案】his/the　此处有“help sb.do sth.”，所以，不该再填入其他动词，而选用his/the特指“他自己的庄稼”。

　　2009：Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not ______ pleasant experience.

　　2010: A young man, while travelling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.______ water was sweet.

　　【答案】a　表示“一次”愉快的经历。

　　【答案】The　这里的water就是特指前句提到的a spring of water，第二次出现用定冠词 The。

　　由此我们可以看出冠词是高考语法填空的重要考点之一，根据语法填空的特点，我们可以根据以下几个规则去填冠词：

　　1)可数名词没有用复数，其前面一定要填一个限定词(一般是代词和冠词)；

　　2)名词前面如果是填词，一般是填限定词；如果是变词，当然是把所给词变为形容词；

　　3)填限定词时我们一般是根据意义“一个”“那个”还是“某人的”来判定；

　　4)上面的一些固定用不定冠词或定冠词的除外。

　　一、用适当的冠词填空。

　　1．It's ________good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.

　　2．If we sit near ________ front of the bus, we'll have ________ better view.

　　3．The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for________ new Jiangsu.

　　4．There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in ________ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ________ earth.

　　5．First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.

　　6．Everything comes with ________price; there is no such ________thing as free lunch in the world.

　　7．Many lifestyle patterns do such ________great harm to health that they actually speed up________weakening of the human body.

　　8．In ________ most countries, a university degree can give you________ flying start in life.

　　【答案】

　　1．a　good feeling并非特指，故用a, 句意为“人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐，这是一种不错的感觉” a good feeling, 一种不错的感觉。

　　2．the; a　句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好”之意。

　　3．a　在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此，应加冠词a表示一个全新的江苏。

　　4．/; the　句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体，其中大约900个有可能掉到地球上。考查冠词。第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。

　　5．a; a　很多同学错在第二个空to make a first impression上了。在做题的时候不够细心，因为此题的句意是：第一印象是最持久的。总之，你永远不可能有第二个机会去再给别人留一次第一印象。本题强调的重点是第二个机会a second chance；第二次留一个第一印象，make a first impression, first为干扰因素。

　　若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。

　　6．a；/　price意思是“代价”，为可数名词，第二空前边有no，后面的名词不用冠词。

　　7．/; the　句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。本题考查冠词，“对……有害”用短语“do harm to”表示，中间无需冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词，表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。

　　8．/; a　most countries此处表泛指，most前不加定冠词the。第二个空处应为“一个高起点的开始”，故用a。

　　二、阅读下面的短文，用适当的冠词或括号内所给词的适当形

　　式填空。A

　　Sandy's trip was written of.He encountered1.________ shipwreck.The ship was wrecked on the rock.The rescuing team found the wreck of

　　2.________ ship.Sandy wrenched himself from the twining seaweeds.But his wrist was wounded heavily by a rock.A rescuing person wrapped a big wrap round him to keep warm.Some passengers died of the wreck, so some 3.________ (survive) put some wreathes on the sea surface.Sandy had been put out of work for months since the wreck because of his wounded wrist.Later, he found a job in a computer company.As 4.________ computer fan, Sandy worshiped the worldwide famous Bill Gates very much.So he cherished the opportunity very much.He was always at work in 5.________ workshop.He kept his word to do his job well.In return, his salary worked up.

　　a

　　the　

　　survivors

　　a

　　the　

　　One day, the computer system went wrong.In other words, the system broke.This worked up 6.________ (Sandy) attention.He thought it that some virus caused this.What virus in the world was it? He wrinkled up his forehead in perplexity.Later, Sandy found out it was 7.________ worm virus.He checked the program word by word and decided to rewrite it.He thought it worthwhile to have 8.________ try.Finally, Sandy worked out the 9.________ (solve)! In a word, he proved himself a worthy computer 10.____________ (program) once again.He was more and more worthy in his colleagues' eyes.

　　Sandy's　

　　a

　　a

　　solution　

　　programmer

　　B

　　It was rather cold that day, five below zero.We paid 1.________ yearly visit to my uncle.My uncle lived in 2.________ temperate zone.To get to his house, we needed to pass 3.________ zigzag path and crossed several zebra crossings.We parked our car in my 4.________ (uncle) yard.My uncle had his youthful spirit at 65.He was fat and slow, and yet people liked him.But he hadn't married as yet.My uncle showed great zeal to welcome us.We noticed something wrong with his leg.He explained he was going to hospital for 5.________ X­ray.He wasn't 6.________ kind of person to yield to 7.________ (ill)．After supper, we sat together, chatting.

　　a

　　the

　　a

　　uncle's

　　an　

　　the

　　illness

　　My uncle said a lot, such as yeast must be used in producing wine; a cow would yield several gallons of milk each day; one should eat some vegetables containing zinc and Fe; 8.________ trees in his garden would give 9.________ high yield of fruit this year.His zealous but long 10.________ (speak) made us yawn.Usually at this time, my uncle would yell at us to be careful.This time, my little son said, “Granduncle, can you write down what you said and I can xerox (静电复印) it.” Hearing this, all of us including my uncle broke into laughter.

　　the

　　a　

　　speech