课时作业(三) [必修1 Unit 3 Travel journal]
[限时：30分钟]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Yesterday, I gave Mary an apple ________ my favorite banana.
A．in preference to
B．in place of
C．in agreement with
D．in exchange for
2．[2011·重庆卷] In communication, a smile is usually________strong sign of a friendly and________open attitude.
A．the; /
B．a; an
C．a; /
D．the; an
3．[2011·辽宁卷]
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son________from college.
A. graduated
B. has graduated
C. had been graduating
D. had graduated
4．[2011·浙江卷] I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A．finally
B．immediately
C. occasionally
D．certainly
5．When shopping you must keep it in mind that don't let yourself be________ into buying things you don't want.
A．expressed
B．organized
C．persuaded
D．preferred
6．She couldn't wait ________ home after such a long and tiring journey.
A．going
B．to go
C．go
D．went
7．—Does the film ________ you?
—Yes. I've been hooked deeply.
A．appeal to
B．care about
C．build on
D．result from
8．[2011·辽宁卷] No matter how________， it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry
B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry
D. dry may a desert be
9．________ you have the drug habit, you'll find it hard to get rid of.
A．Unless
B．Once
C．Though
D．Before
10．Nowadays in India, women with independent incomes are refusing to________to the traditional practice of arranged marriage.
A．give in
B．pick up
C．hand in
D．make up
11．I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ________.
A．to be breathed
B．to breathe
C．breathing
D．being breathed
12．After the death of their mother，the children were________ by an aunt.
A．taken care
B．looked for
C．cared for
D．cared of
13．She prefers ________ on the Internet rather than ________ in the supermarket.
A．to shop; to shop
B．shop; shop
C．to shop; shop
D．shop; to shop
14．I ________ glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them. They make me look like a bookworm.
A．have worn
B．have been wearing
C．have been worn
D．was wearing
15．—Mr Black, this is our language lab. Would you like to go and have a look?
—OK. ________.
A．Help yourself
B．This way, please
C．Follow me
D．After you
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
London has become a cycle friendly zone after the launch of a new bike hire scheme. It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London.
So how does it work？First you have to sign up to the scheme to be sent a key. The key will unlock one of the bikes，which are kept at docking stations in and around central London. You have to pay an access fee for the key and then you pay as you go, for the length of time you use the bike.
Transport for London，which runs the scheme，are hoping to have 6,000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the year. The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion(拥挤)in London and is expected to create up to 40,000 extra cycle trips a day into the city centre. London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the scheme and said London had been “filled with thousands of gleaming machines that will transform the look and feel of our streets and become as commonplace on our roads as black cabs and red buses”．
However，there have been a few problems since the scheme was launched last Friday. On the first day some people found they couldn't dock their bikes properly and their usage of the bikes had not registered. Transport for London did admit they had been expecting a few “teething problems” and have said they wouldn't charge for the first day as a “gesture of goodwill”. Some other people have criticized the lack of docking stations and locks for the bikes as well as the price it costs to hire the bicycles.
Despite the comments，the greenthinking London Mayor still seems very positive about things，saying，“My campaign for the capital to become the greatest big cycling city in the world has taken a big pedalpowered push forwards.”
16．London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the new bike scheme in order to ________.
A．reduce the air pollution of the city
B．encourage the citizens to take exercise
C．deal with the city's traffic problems
D．increase employment opportunities
17．If you want to hire a bike, in which order will you do?
a. pay for the bike according to the time you use it
b. pay for the key to a bike
c. cycle in and around central London
d. sign up as a member to get a key
A．bdca
B．bcad
C．dcba
D．dbca
18．All the following are the problems of the scheme EXCEPT________.
A．the high cost to hire a bike
B．not registering their usage of the bikes
C．not charging for the first day of the scheme
D．docking the bikes properly
19．From the passage we can infer that ________.
A．London Mayor is confident of the scheme
B．the scheme will be cancelled because of the problems
C．all the citizens in London support the scheme
D．the cycling revolution is not successful
B
When we offer our best wishes to others, more often than not, we say: “May you be happy every day”. But it's easier said than done to stay happy all the time. There are always things that stand in its way.
The first, perhaps the biggest is genetics. Some scientists say that some people are naturally happier than others. Besides, major life events as well as social and economic factors can also stand in the way of happiness, such as losing your job or a family member. Then, there is health affecting your happiness. So, is it possible that people can find lasting happiness with so many factors preventing them?
Positive psychologists(心理学家)believe it's possible for people to stay happy for long periods, although it cannot be lasting. Martin Seligman at University of Pennsylvania argues that daytoday happiness comes from two things: pleasures and satisfactions. Pleasures are rich experiences that simply make us feel good things like eating cake or drinking wine. While pleasures can be quite satisfying, the enjoyment we get from them is shortlived.
Satisfactions are activities that we like to do and we give all we have to them. They are often challenging, and we have to draw_on personal skills and strengths to perform them. For some people, satisfactions come with work. Doctors, for example, often become so concentrated in an operation that hours pass without them noticing the time. For others, it may be hobbies like gardening, playing tennis or stamp collecting. These satisfactory activities affect the mood in a way that appears to be lasting.
Too often, people choose pleasures over satisfactions because they are easier and the effects are more immediate. Though pleasures may work for a while, there are bad effects. Pleasurable activities become less enjoyable if overused. Always choosing pleasures over satisfactions can also prevent people from developing their personal strengths, which, if they're not put to work, will die.
20．How many aspects are mentioned that affect one's staying happy?
A．Two.
B．Three.
C．Four.
D．Five.
21．Compared with pleasures, satisfactions ________.
A．have immediate effect and work quickly
B．are more meaningful and last longer
C．are more easily ignored by people
D．depend mostly on one's genetics
22．The underlined phrase “draw on” means ________.
A．learn
B．find
C．improve
D．use
23．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How to Be a Happier Person?
B．It's Impossible to Stay Happy Long.
C．Pleasures Are Different From Satisfactions.
D．The Factors That Affect Our Happiness.
答案
课时作业(三)
.1.D 考查介词短语。in exchange for“交换”。 句意为：昨天，我送给玛丽一个苹果以换我最喜欢吃的香蕉。in preference to “优先于”；in place of “代替”；in agreement with “同意，与……一致”。
2．C 考查冠词的用法。sign作“符号，标志”讲是可数名词，其前应加不定冠词a；因friendly前面已有冠词，故第二空不需要再加。句意：在交往过程中，微笑常常是一种友好和开放态度的强有力的标志。
3．D 本题考查动词时态。根据句意“到杰克从英国返回家时，他的儿子已经从大学毕业了”，可知“大学毕业”发生在returned之前，因此用过去完成时。
4．C 考查副词辨析。根据句意“这两个星期来我不时地写写这个报告，但明天一定要交了”可知，occasionally表示“偶尔地，不时地”，符合此句意。finally表示“最后”；immediately表示“立刻，马上”；certainly表示“当然”。
5．C 考查动词辨析。persuade sb. into doing sth＝persuade sb. to do sth意为“说服某人做某事”。此处为其被动语态形式。express “表达”；organize “组织；成立”；prefer“更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)”，均不符合句意。
6．B 考查动词短语的用法。句意：如此漫长而劳累的旅游之后，她迫不及待地想回家。couldn't wait to do sth“迫不及待做某事”。故选B项。
7．A 考查动词短语辨析。appeal to意为“对……有吸引力，向……呼吁； 向……请求；恳求”；care about意为“关心，担心”；build on意为“把……建立于……；以……为基础”；result from意为“起因于；由……造成”。句意为：“电影吸引你了吗？”“是的，我深深地被迷住了。”从下文的回答看出，上一句指电影吸引人。应选A项。
【思维拓展】 还有一些带介词to的动词短语在单项填空中经常出现。比如 adapt to, be used to, contribute to, submit to, devote to, refer to 等。
8．B 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论一片沙漠是如何干旱，它都未必没有生命。“no matter how＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语”构成让步状语从句。
9．B 考查状语从句引导词的辨析。once作为连词可以表示“一旦”的意思，引导时间状语从句。句意为：一旦养成了吸毒的习惯，就很难戒掉。
10．A 考查动词短语辨析。根据句意可知表示“拒绝屈服于传统的包办婚姻”，用give in to表示“屈服于”。
11．B 考查非谓语动词的用法。在“主语(物)＋be＋性质形容词(多为good, light, heavy, difficult等)”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义，因此选B。
12．C 考查动词短语辨析。care for在本句中意为“照顾”；若选A，则应是taken care of。
13．C 考查短语固定搭配。句意：她宁愿在网上买东西也不到超市去买。prefer to do …rather than do “宁愿做……而不做……”。故选C项。
14．B 考查动词的时态。表示从过去(上小学时)一直持续到现在还有可能继续进行的动作，所以用现在完成进行时。
15．D 考查交际用语。 After you意为“您先请，请先走”。符合语境。句意为：“……您想来看看吗？”“好的，您先请！”Help yourself “自便”；This way, please “这边请”；Follow me “跟我来”。
.A
16．C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句的The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion (拥挤)in London…可知，伦敦实行自行车出租的目的是减缓伦敦市内的交通拥挤。
17．D 事件排序题。根据第二段租自行车的方法可知，要先报名成为成员获得自行车钥匙，交纳钥匙使用费，骑车然后按使用时间的长短交费。因此选D。
18．C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，B和D都是该项目实施过程中出现的问题；由该段的最后一句说明有人批评租自行车的费用可知，A项是一个问题；而C项是解决问题的方法而不是问题。
19．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句Despite the comments，the greenthinking London Mayor still seems very positive about things…可推出伦敦市长对该行动非常有信心。
B
20．B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知三种：genetics，major life events as well as social and economic factors。
21．B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句While pleasures can be quite satisfying, the enjoyment we get from them is shortlived.可知B正确。
22．D 推测词义题。根据文意我们必须使用一些技巧和优势来完成他们。
23．A 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，作者在谈论如何成为更幸福的人。