课时作业(十四) [必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars]
[限时：35分钟]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．[2011·山东卷] —Are you going to Tom's birthday party?
—________. I might have to work.
A．It depends
B．Thank you
C．Sounds great
D. Don't mention it
2．[2011·陕西卷] The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be________the present one.
A. as three times big as
B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times
D. as big three times as
3．________ by his impressive performance, Peter will probably be accepted by a key university.
A．To judge
B．Being judged
C．Judged
D．Judging
4．Our football team will compete against the Japanese team this evening.Let's go and________ them ________，shall we?
A．cheer; up
B．join; up
C．add; up
D．pick; up
5．—Some Chinese students find it hard to adapt to the life when in London.
—Exactly, ________ they've learnt a lot about the city before.
A．if only
B．now that
C．as though
D．even though
6．________young people see and hear in the media helps them to figure out how the world works.
A．Which
B．That
C．What
D．How
7．________ with the question the students raised, the teacher paused for a few seconds.
A．Puzzling
B．To puzzle
C．Puzzled
D．Being puzzled
8．According to the report, the American government didn't intend to have its troops ________ of war zone.
A．pulled out
B．dropped out
C．driven out
D．run out
9．China's new food law provides for a food recall system________ producers have to stop production if their food isn't up to standards.
A．where
B．that
C．when
D．which
10．The harm the modern farming methods have done________ the countryside is considerable.
A．on
B．to
C．at
D．for
11．It remains unknown ________ the peace talk between the two countries is going to lead.
A．where
B．when
C．how
D．why
12．[2011·北京卷] ________Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
13．—I am going to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games to be held in London.
—________！ Me, too.
A．That's it
B．You're welcome
C．No problem
D．That's great
14．The villagers were often in________ clashes with each other years before the agreement was________.
A．interesting; arrived
B．peaceful; reached
C．violent; reached
D．spiritual; arrived
15．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________.
A．atmosphere
B．state
C．situation
D．phenomenon
Ⅱ.完形填空
Jerry is the kind of man you love to hate.He is always in a(n)__16__mood and always has something__17__to say.In his opinion, the bottom line is your choice__18__you live a life.
One morning, he did something you are never__19__to do in the restaurant business: he left the back door open and was__20__up at gunpoint by three armed robbers.While trying to open the__21__， with his hand shaking from__22__， he input the wrong code.The robbers beat him and even__23__him.Luckily, Jerry was found__24__quickly after the robbers had fled and he was rushed to the local first aid center.After 18 hours of operation and weeks of good care, he was out of hospital with fragments (碎片) of the bullets still in his body.
Jerry told me what happened after he was sent to hospital.He said the doctors were__25__.They kept telling him he was going to be fine and__26__him into the emergency room.But when he saw the__27__on the faces of the doctors and nurses, he got really__28__.In their eyes, he__29__， “He's dying.” He knew he needed to take__30__.There was a big，burly nurse shouting questions at him.She asked if he was allergic (过敏的) to anything, and the doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for his reply.Jerry__31__for a while and then he decided to live.He took a deep breath and said, “Yes.__32__！” Over their laughter, Jerry told them to operate on him__33__he wouldn't die.
Jerry lived, thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing__34__.I learnt from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.
Attitude, __35__， is everything.
16．A.exciting B．good C．usualD．balanced
17．A.positive
B．funny
C．new
D．different
18．A.how
B．where
C．whether
D．why
19．A.advised
B．imagined
C．asked
D．supposed
20．A.pulled
B．put
C．held
D．done
21．A.box
B．safe
C．counter
D．door
22．A.nervousness
B．worry
C．unwillingness
D．pressure
23．A.knocked
B．killed
C．knifed
D．shot
24．A.probably
B．relatively
C．merely
D．reasonably
25．A.excited
B．organized
C．hardworking
D．great
26．A.rolled
B．carried
C．wheeled
D．forced
27．A.surprise
B．expressions
C．feeling
D．puzzles
28．A.scared
B．embarrassed
C．disappointed
D．annoyed
29．A.knew
B．found
C．meant
D．read
30．A.notice
B．order
C．breath
D．action
31．A.thought
B．wondered
C．judged
D．stopped
32．A.Medicine
B．Operation
C．Bullets
D．Fragments
33．A.unless
B．even if
C．as if
D．before
34．A.reply
B．attitude
C．opinion
D．determination
35．A.to be honest
B．in that case
C．after all
D．strictly speaking
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Surface Exploration. Robots make great explorers on planets，moons，and other landing areas.Aside from Earth，just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore.The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe，making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment.The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.Plus there would be complications with radiation，weather，and a lack of gravity.Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.
Data Collection. Robots are designed for collecting scientific data.Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently.Important scientific projects from detecting minerals，analyzing ground samples，and finding water are all performed much quicker and more accurately(精确地)by robots.
Cost Effective. The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans，but also have enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip.Moreover，robots have no problems working for hours on end.Robots never complain，they don't require food or water，and they never need a bathroom break.
Space Travel. Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space.Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are the Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars.They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars' history.
36．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
A．The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.
B．It may be dangerous for human to explore the solar system except the earth.
C．Both the Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water in the Mars.
D．Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.
37．Which column of the passage could come from?
A．Education.
B．Finance.
C．Travel.
D．Science.
38．The underlined phrase “withstand” most probably means “________”．
A．arise
B．bear
C．defeat
D．diverse
39．What is the writer's attitude in writing this passage?
A．Negative.
B．Persuasive.
C．Subjective.
D．Objective.
Ⅳ.短文填词
阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在下边相对应的横线上。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。
On the one hand, the robots sent to the planets have not yet found any s__40__ of life on Mars, but they have found evidence that water __41__(流动) freely over the planet's surface millions of years ago. __42__ addition, water in the __43__ of ice exists below some parts of the Martian surface today.
On the other hand, d__44__ life on Mars would change the present view of the universe and also give a big push toward man's work there. But a group of experts o__45__ by President Barack Obama told him last October that US __46__(太空) policy should now focus on sending human beings to Mars instead of __47__(又一，再一) moon landing. Michael Griffin, a former head of NASA, believes __48__ a human trip to Mars could be p__49__ by 2037.
40．______ 41.______ 42.______ 43.______
44．______ 45.______ 46.______ 47.______
48．______ 49.______
答案
课时作业(十四)
Ⅰ.1.A 本题考查交际用语。根据答语中的I might have to work可以判断回答者不一定参加汤姆的生日聚会。It depends意为“这得看情况”，符合句意。B项表示感谢；C项意为“听起来不错”；D项意为“不用谢”。
2．B 考查倍数的表达方式。此处用到了as…as…结构，倍数位于前一个as之前，故选B。其余选项与题意不符。
3．D 考查固定短语的用法。此处Judging by是介词短语，意为“根据……判断”。
4．A 考查短语辨析。“为某人加油”用cheer sb. up。 句意为：今晚我们队要和日本队比赛，让我们去给他们加油助威吧。
5．D 考查让步状语从句。句意：“一些中国学生发现在伦敦的时候很难适应那里的生活。”“的确如此。尽管他们以前对这个城市有了很多的了解。”if only “只要”；now that “既然”；as though “好像”；even though “即使”。even though 符合题意。
6．C 考查主语从句。语境为：年轻人通过媒体听到的和看到的事情帮助他们了解周围的世界是如何运转的。“young people see and hear in the media”中动词see和hear缺少宾语，因此空白处应填What。
7．C 考查非谓语动词的用法。puzzle的用法为“puzzle sb”，the teacher与puzzle之间的关系为被动，所以答案选C。
8．A 考查动词短语辨析。A意为“拉出，撤出”；B意为“脱离，退出”；C意为“驱赶出”；D意为“用完”。句意为： 根据这份报告，美国政府没打算把部队撤出战区。
9．A 考查定语从句。句意为：中国新的食品法规定了食品召回制度，即如果食品达不到标准，生产者就必须停止生产。先行词为a food recall system，定语从句为producers have to stop production if their food isn't up to standards(in the food recall system)，故选A。
10．B do harm to sb/sth为固定短语，意为“对……有害”，且“the modern farming…countryside”为定语从句修饰harm。故选B。
11．A 考查主语从句。句意：两个国家的和平谈判要走向何方至今还不知道。It为形式主语，where the peace talk between the two countries is going to lead为主语从句，在主语从句中，有主语、谓语，where作状语。故选A项。
12．B 考查名词性从句。what引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作offer的宾语(构成offer sth. to sb结构)。句意为：巴巴拉·琼斯提供给她的粉丝的是诚实和快乐。
13．D 考查交际用语。根据对话中的Me，too可知，答话人与对方的看法一致，认为对方的想法很好。
14．C 句意为：在协议签署前的几年里村民们经常相互间发生猛烈的冲突。violent “猛烈的”；violent clashes “猛烈的冲撞/冲突”；reach an agreement “达成协议”。
15．A 句意：两国高层领导人之间的会谈在友好的气氛中进行。atmosphere “气氛”；state “状态”；situation “处境”；phenomenon “现象”，由句意可知A项正确。
Ⅱ.态度决定一切。假如一个人的心态良好，始终保持乐观的状态，死神也会望而却步，为他打开生命的绿灯。
16．B 根据第三段中的内容可知他总是心态“良好”。D项表示“平衡的”，不符合语境。
17．A 第三段的后半部分提到在医生和护士对他不抱有希望时他决定自己活下来，由此可知他的话总是非常“乐观的”。
18．A 根据他起死回生的经历可知，他认为，底线是你选择“如何”生活。后三项内容都与他的特殊经历在语意逻辑上不符。
19．D 经营饭店时开着后门显然是不应该发生的事。be supposed to do sth表示“应该做某事”。
20．C 此处表示在三个全副武装的强盗的枪口的威胁下被抢劫，此处hold up表示“拦劫，抢劫”，尤指持枪抢劫。pull up表示“拔起，停车，斥责”；put up表示“举起，建造，张贴”；do up表示“打扮，修理”，都不符合所给语境。
21．B 强盗的目的是钱，所以他们强迫他打开“保险箱”。safe在这里用作名词，意为“保险箱，保险柜”。
22．A 根据当时的情形可推断他因为“紧张”输错了密码。
23．D 本段的最后部分提到他的身体中仍然残留着子弹碎片，由此可知他们开枪打了他。
24．B 在强盗逃跑后，他被发现得很及时并被匆忙送往急救中心。此处relatively表示“相当地，相当程度上”。A项表示“很可能”；C项表示“仅仅”；D项表示“适度地，合理地”，明显不符合语境。
25．D 上一段最后一句提到经过长达18个小时的手术和几个星期的悉心护理，他已经出院。再结合下一句中医生对他的安慰可知他认为那里的医生很“好”。
26．C 他当时命危在旦夕，由此可推断是被“推”进急救室的。前两项不符合语境；文章中没有提到他不愿接受紧急治疗，所以D项错误。
27．B 他从医生和护士脸上的“表情”中察觉到了他存活希望的渺茫。A、D两项不符合后文语境。C项与on the faces搭配不当。
28．A 根据下一句可知他当时非常“恐惧”。后三项分别表示“尴尬的”、“失望的”、“烦闷的”，都与下文语境不符。
29．D 他从医生和护士脸上的表情读懂了他们所要表达的信息，此处read表示“了解，领悟”。
30．D 既然医生和护士都对他不抱有希望，根据下文他的幽默可知，他需要采取“行动”。
31．A 上一句提到护士长问他对什么药物过敏，然后医生和护士停止工作等待他的答复，由此可知他“思考”了一会儿后决定活下来。
32．C 下一句的前半部分提到他们都大声笑了起来，由此可推断他的回答非常幽默，四个选项中C项最具有幽默效果，即他说他对子弹过敏，暗示他同意手术。
33．C 本段前半部分提到他判断自己可能没有存活的希望，再结合他的反应可知他建议他们把他当成活人来治疗，as if表示“似乎，好像”。
34．B 他能活下来是因为他具有让人惊叹的“态度”。本段最后也是线索提示。
35．C 作者感悟到的哲理是态度决定一切，所以用“毕竟”。A项表示“说实话”；B项表示“如果那样”；D项表示“严格说来”，都不符合语境。
Ⅲ.主要介绍了机器人是如何在一些星体进行太空探索及与人相比所占的优势及所起的作用等等。
36．A 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.”可知使用机器人进行太空探索比人类做这项工作花费更少，因此A项说花费更多是有误的。
37．D 推理判断题。本文主要关于机器人在太空探索中的运用，这应该属于科学栏目，故选D项。
38．B 词义猜测题。前面提到这些表面太热或太冷应该是会让人难以忍受，故选B项，bear意为“忍受”。
39．D 推理判断题。综观全文可知作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的使用，并未带有其他的否定的、说服性的或者是主观的看法，故选D项。
Ⅳ.40.signs 41.flowed 42.In 43.form 44.discovering
45．organized 46.space 47.another 48.that 49.possible