Unit 3 Back to the
past
晨读在线
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：
表示歉意；2.解释原因；3.另约时间。
注意：1.词数不少于120；2.可适当增加细节。
【范文欣赏】 请进行完形填空(每空一词)
o on the trip to Beijing together with you next weekend.
2．As you know，I have been busy preparing for 3.an English speech contest.Unfortunately，it will not be held as planned and has been put to stay until it ends.
But don't be disappointed.Maybe we can make 5.it another time to have the trip.How 6.about in the summer vacation? It will last a month and we will have more time to spend 7.in places of great interest in Beijing.
Please accept my apology for any inconvenience I have caused.
May 8.you have a nice weekend!
Sincerely yours，
(121 words)
【名师点评】 本文开宗明义，直接说明写此邮件的目的，然后讲不能成行北京的理由，理由充分可信，随后为再续北京之行的时间提出
【疯狂背诵】
请用10分钟背诵范文
【还原范文】
请将下列句子翻译成英语
亲爱的汤姆：
，
对于下周末不能与你共赴北京深表歉意。
he_trip_to_Beijing_together_with_you_next_weekend.
3．正如你所知，我一直忙着为参加一个英语演讲比赛做准备。
，I_have_been_busy_preparing_for_an_English_speech_contest.
不幸的是，比赛不能如期举行，并且推迟到了下周。
，it_will_not_be_held_as_planned_and_has_been_put_off_to_next_week.
因此，比赛结束前我不能离开。
6．但是不要失望。
7．也许我们的旅行可以改期。
ave_the_trip.
8．暑假怎么样？
9．假期有一个月的时间，我们可以在北京的名胜古迹度过更多的美好时光。
10．若有不便，敬请原谅。
11．祝周末愉快！
12．你真诚的李华。
，Li_Hua.
Ⅰ.单词默写
.涌流；倾泻 vt.倒出(液体)
.&vi.逃避；逃跑；迅速离开
.渐渐地，逐渐地
废墟；毁坏 vt；破坏；毁灭
.强有力的
税收；海员
航空母舰；运输设备；运输公司
.&n.前进；进
9．ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先
.使腐化，使堕落 adj.贪污的；腐败的
.to explode and throw out fire，ash and smoke
a sudden event which causes great loss and harm
13．expression n．the act of saying or showing what you think or feel
14．glory n．great fame，honor and admiration
a person who is appointed to make a decision in a competition
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
.毁坏；摧毁→destruction n．破坏；毁灭；摧毁→destructive adj.毁灭性的；有害的，消极的
.商业的，贸易的→commerce n．商业，贸易
vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸→explosive adj.爆炸的
.宣布，宣告；宣称→declaration n．宣言，宣布；声明
纪念馆adj.纪念馆的→memory n．记忆→memorize vt.记住；背熟
语境助记——词不离句，句不离段
sentenced the sailor who is corrupt for he's greedy for the wealth of the carrier.Recently he declared he would be sentenced to 3 years in the prison.
Ⅲ.短语落实
用……装饰
纪念
阻碍(某人)
楼房废墟
夺取；接管
无疑；确实
7.ahead_of_time 提前
知道，了解，意识到
起义；反抗
患(病)
句子翻译
，he took his army，now with 42，000 meninto the Middle East and then Egypt，defeating every army that stood in his path.(Page 58)
公元前334年，他率领当时已达4万2千人的军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡。
，and marched all the way to India，finding victory wherever he went.(Page 58)
然后，他又将目光转向东方，长驱直入印度，所到之处，攻无不克，战无不胜。
现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。(Page 42)
，and_tomorrow_we_are_visiting_Pompeii.
很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。(Page 42)
，and_so_was_the_city.
人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。(Page 42)
，which_caused_much_damage.
教材设题
句型转换(每空不超过3个单词)
，in 1860，the area was put under the government protection so it could be preserved and studied.(教材P42)
，in 1860，the area was_protected_by_/_got_protection_from the government so it could be preserved and studied.
(教材P43)
ve．
，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand——what a pity！(教材P43)
，but they were cut down，causing/which_caused the city to be buried by sand——what a pity!
，in 323 BC，he came down with a fever and died.(教材P58)
，in 323 BC，he had/ran/developed_a_fever and died.
，he was a brave soldier.(教材P59)
When_young/In_his_youth，he was a brave soldier.
bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心
【课本原句】 Many people were buried alive，and so was the city.(P42)许多人被活埋了，这座城市也不例外。
被活埋
(oneself)in(＝ be buried in)
bury sthin sth 使某物陷入……
主语往往是人，说明人所处的状态，并不表示被动。类似的还有：
埋头于……；沉迷于……
遇到(雨等)；陷入(圈套)
专心于……
专心于……，全神贯注于……
忙于……，从事……
——看看高考怎么考
翻译句子
多亏了他做的遇到暴风雨的这个梦。(2011·江苏卷 ·阅读理解A58)
②他仿佛正在专心思考问题。
③________ in his novel，he ran into the cars in front of the building.
(2017·湖南醴陵一中月考)
答案 A
erupt v．(火山)爆发；喷出
【课本原句】 On 24th August AD 79，the volcano erupted and lava，ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.(P42)公元79年8月24日，火山突然爆发，熔岩、火山灰和岩石从火山口喷射到周边的乡村。
(火山等)喷发；暴力事件，疾病等) 突然发生
(laughter/shouting)突然笑/喊起来
(sth)
突然开始(尤其是唱歌，哭，笑等)
(doing)
突然开始
——看看高考怎么考
翻译句子
那个地方火山喷发了好几次。
②警察局外突然发生了暴力行为。
③因为丈夫的懒惰她的愤怒终于爆发了。
_erupted_because_of_her_husband's_laziness.
remains n．残余物；遗迹；遗体；遗址
【课本原句】 Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand，together with a lot of treasures，including coins，painted pots，material such as silk，documents and wall paintings.(P43)
斯文发现了埋葬在沙子下面的建筑物遗迹，以及很多诸如钱币，彩绘陶，丝绸，文献和壁画等珍贵文物。
保持
remain vi.
逗留(＝stay)
ng adj.
剩下的，剩余的
(＝rest)剩余物，剩余部分
＋保持；仍然是
留在；停留
待做
尚不确定，说不准……
某人要说的只是……
hat...
不能忽略的是……
——看看高考怎么考
，his health remains_poor_(还是很虚弱)．
(待解决)．
e an engineer but his brother remained_a_worker(仍然是个工人)．
，and little of the original building______ now.(2010·重庆卷·单项29)
A．remains
B．is remained
C．is remaining
D．has been remained
答案 A
ruin n．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；[C](pl.)废墟；遗迹 ．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭
【课本原 A scholar from the local cultural institute，Professor Zhang，told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan kingdom.(P43)一位当地文化协会的张教授告诉我们大约1900年欧洲探险家斯文·赫定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。
ruins 成为废墟；被毁灭；垮掉
成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因
使某人失败；使倾家荡产
毁灭，灭亡
自取灭亡
毁坏某人的健康/名誉辨析 ruin/destroy/damage
ruin 强调该物的使用价值遭到破坏，现在可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏；弄糟”。
destroy 多指彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复。
damage (1)多指使用价值有所降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复。
(2)作名词时常作不可数名词，常与to连用，do damage to意为“对……造成损害”。复数形式damages表示“赔偿金”。
He knocked over a bottle of milk and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶牛奶把桌布弄脏了。
那座大楼在地震中毁掉了。
桥梁因洪水而受损。
——看看高考怎么考
However，he experienced severe financial hardship when his family
business_was_ruined(破产了)in the Great
(2011·山东卷·阅读理解A)
翻译句子
你的汽车有损伤吗？
③Tom was lucky in the accident，but his ______ car is under repair.(2017·湖南攸县一中高三上学期期中考试)
C．destroyed
D．damaged
答案 D
drive v．驱使；迫使；驱赶；驾驶，开车
【课本原句】 This extreme heat almost drove me crazy.(P48)这高温逼得我要发疯了。
使某人发疯
迫使某人做某事
迫使离开
赶跑；驾车离开
赶跑
——看看高考怎么考
，pointing to a very large belly of mine，“I am married.I am having a baby.Why should I have to_have_someone_sign_for_me_to_drive(让人给我签名来叫我驾驶呢)？”
(2011·辽宁卷 ·阅读理解A)
(开车去上班)．
______ me crazy.(2009·宿迁统考)
答案 C
condition n．条件；状况；(pl.)环境；情形；健康状况
【课本原句】 Most of them were in good condition.(P51)它们大都状态很好。
(be)in good condition 状况良好
状况不佳
(＝ only if)
在……的条件下，只要
conditional adj.
无条件的
——看看高考怎么考
(其他的情形)can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.(2011·山东卷·阅读理解D)
，his visit in his present_condition(目前状况)will disturb the children's stable(稳定的)life.(2010·四川卷·阅读理解E)
(只要)you come home before midnight.
______of health.As a result，she has to give up her job.(2017·辽宁省沈阳二中第3次月考)
答案 C
declare vt.宣布，宣告；宣称
【课本原句】 The next day，US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.(P55)
第二天，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福对日宣战。
declare ＋(＋) 宣告……
宣告
声明反对
声明赞成
向……宣战
宣告；宣言
辨析 declare/announce
(1)declare指在公开场合表明对……的态度或指官方或权威者公开而郑重地宣布某事。
(2)announce指发布公众感兴趣的事，内容有知识性或权威性，如商品、生产、喜讯等消息。
——看看高考怎么考
(被宣称)guilty may be fined a maximum of HK$25，000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 drivingoffence points；or temporarily banned from driving.(2011·福建卷 ·阅读理解A)
(宣告胜利)，and know that they are cheering me on.(2011·天津卷·阅读理解D)
______ her independence in 1908.(2017·浏阳市一中高三上学期期中考试)
答案 A
，you should allow children the space to ______ their opinions，even if they are different from your own.(2017·湖南醴陵一中月考)
答案 D
influence n．&v.影响
【课本原句】 Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia，influencing the world for centuries to come.(P58)亚历山大大帝将希腊文明从欧洲传到非洲和亚洲，影响了世界几个
influence sb ∕sth 影响；起作用
影响某人做…
对……有影响
受……的影响；由于……的作用
对……产生……的影
a man of influence
有权势的人
【联想拓展】
have an influence on
＝have an effect on
＝have an impact on
对……有影响；起作用；产生效果
——看看高考怎么考
It seems reasonable to suppose that，in the real world，the opinions of such powerful people still influence(影响)the journalists and editors who work for them.(2011·上海卷·六选五)
写作句型演练
→The growing of speed of a plant is_influenced_by a number of factors.
③He was greatly influenced by his English teacher.
→His English teacher was a_great_influence_on him.
take over 夺取；接管
【课本原句】 In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.(P42)公元前89年，罗马人夺取了庞贝。
take away拿走
收回(所说的话)；退回(某物)
拆除，拆毁；记下，写下
in
欺骗；领会，理解
起飞；脱下；成功；迅速流行
呈现；具有；承担；从事；雇佣，聘用
开始爱好(某种活动)；使用；占用(空间或时间)
——看看高考怎么考
(被吸收)more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.
(2011·福建卷·阅读理解A)
(起飞)tonight.(2011·湖北卷·听力6选项)
______the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.(2011·陕西卷·单项填空25)
答案 C
，her son ______ the business.(2017·湖南洞口一中高三摸底考试)
re
C．took over
D．took away
答案 C
carry out 履行；落实；完成；实施
【课本原句】 A surprise attack was carried out there by the Japanese in 1941.(P55)
年，日本进行了一次突然袭击。
实施计划
履行诺言
实行威胁
执
carry out an experiment(on)
对……做实验
【联想拓展】
成功地完成
(doing sth)
继续做某事
帮助某人渡过难关
——看看高考怎么考
______only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(2011·天津卷·单项填空17)
C．to be carried
D．being carried
答案 A
______ the next year.(2017·黑河市一中高三上学期中质量检测试题)
C．carried out
D．to carry out
答案 C
______ on the radio yesterday.(2017·湖南祁东育贤中学月考)
C．given out
D．carried out
答案 C
in memory of 纪念
【课本原句】 In memory of the Americans who died in attack，a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the Arizona.(P55)
为了纪念在袭击中丧生的美国士兵，珍珠港的沉船亚利桑那号的残骸上方建立了一座国家纪念碑。
【联想拓展】
赞美，歌颂
为了向……表示敬意
of
寻找
负责
控制
支持
赞成
代替
——看看高考怎么考
翻译句子
(负责) the project.
(寻找)the murderer.
，we paid a visit to the hospital founded______ce Nightingale.(2017·湖南津市一中月考)
C．in honour of
D．in place of
答案 C
sb /sth is believed ＋不定式结构句型
【课本原句】 It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from
AD 200 to AD 400.(P43)
楼兰被认为在公元200～400年期间逐渐被沙尘暴所埋没。
此句型是“sb /sth is believed ＋不定式”结构，在这一结构to do，进行式to be doing或完成式to have done。
(1)He is_believed_to_be_writing a new novel now.
人们相信他现在正在写一部新小说。
(2)The passengers on the plane were_believed_to_have_been_killed in the air crash.
人们认为飞机上的乘客已经在空难中死去。
(3)此句型还可转换为It is believed that ...，在这一句型中，it为形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句，且that一般不能省略，意为“人们相信……”。
据报道/证明……
众所周知……
猜测/认/希望……
人们建议
要求
【注意】 如果使用表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”的动词的过去分词如：suggested，ordered，required等时，that从句中的谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。
——看看高考怎么考
(据报道)a man is threatening to jump from the 20th floor of a downtown building.
，Tom? You're ______ to be asleep.(2011·辽宁卷·单项填空21)
C．thought
D．considered
答案 A
the article ______ before Friday.(2017·湖南隆回二中月考)
C．will be handed in
D．will hand in
答案 B
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
(civilization)society.
2．The poor man nearly fell over on the wet ground.Fortunately(fortune)，he was supported by a kind girl.
，all the birds got frightened and flew in all
directions(direct)．
(wealth)．
ing places with cultural(culture)relics.How about you?
6．Do you agree that all parents are concerned(concern)about their children's future?
7．Pingyao is known(know)as an ancient city in China while the West Lake in
Hangzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery.
8．By the way，please tell me the differences and similarities(similar)of these words.
(imagine)when learning to do some scientific research.
10．Scientists are interested in the discovery(discover)of new chemical elements.
Ⅱ.同义转换
，all the people were buried alive，and so was the city!
，all the people were buried alive，and the city_was_buried_alive，too．
→I was so tired that_I_couldn't
eat anything that we were given.
3．That didn't prevent the city from being buried by sand.
→That didn't stop the city being_buried by sand.
4．The heat almost drove me crazy even though I was wearing very thin cotton trousers to keep me cool.
→The heat almost made me mad_even_if
I was wearing very thin cotton trousers in_order
to keep me cool.
5．By 27 BC，Rome had become an empire，which controlled many parts of Europe.
，Rome had turned_empire.The _empire
Ⅲ.完成译文
他们也进行了其他的试验。
2．当秋天到来的时候，树叶变成橘黄色、红色和金黄色。
，leaves turn_to/into
orange，red and gold.
我们对他的健康表示关心。
4．在那位好心老人的带领下，我们在午饭前到了那个遥远的村庄。
，we arrived at the remote village before lunchtime.
我们给Peter一件好礼物作为对他的合作的回报。
Ⅳ.单项填空
—______．
C．Do we succeed
D．Whether we can succeed
答案 D [答语是个省略句，是I am anxious about whether we can succeed的省略。]
______ you may just end up with rosier dreams.
A．and
B．/
C．or
D．but
答案 A [句意：睡觉时闻到的东西可能会影响你的梦。睡觉前闻闻花的味道，你可能会做个美好的梦。“祈使句＋ and＋陈述句”是固定句型，故选A。]
______ war on the United States，and war is what they got，”Bush said.
D．offered
答案 B [句意：布什说：“恐怖分子向美国宣战，他们得到的只是战争。”declare war on意思是“向……宣战”。]
______ late，he also forgot his books.
B．Not only the boy turned out
C．Not only did the boy show out
D．Not only did the boy show up
答案 D [句意：那个男孩不仅晚到了，而且还忘了带他的书。not only放在句首时，句子要倒装，因此排除A、B两项；另外，C项的show out意思是“领……回去”，不合句意。D项show up意思是“出现”，符合句意。]
，a terrible earthquake happened in Sichuan Province，______ the people are still suffering.
C．of its effects
D．from whose effects
答案 D [句意：2008年，四川省发生了一场可怕的地震，人们现在还遭受着它的影响A、C两项；另外，from与suffer构成固定搭配。因此正确答案是D。]
c Games ______ open，the whole world cheered.
C．have declared
D．were declared
答案 D [句意：宣布第29届奥运会开幕的那一刻，整个世界都欢呼了。declare表示“宣布”，奥运会是被宣布开幕的，因此用被动语态。另外，这里阐述的是过去发生的事实，因此用一般过去时。]
aid that the mosque(清真寺)in Quanzhou ________ in a terrible earthquake in the Ming Dynasty.
C．has been ruined
D．had been ruined
答案 A [句意：据说泉州的清真寺在明朝时曾在一次可怕的地震中遭到严重损坏，ruin意思是“毁灭“。根据题意可知，这里应用一般过去时表示过去发生的事情。]
______ or not he is prepared to work hard.
A．that
B．if
C．where
D．whether
答案 D [句意：他的能力从未受到怀疑——问题是他是否愿意努力工作。whether和or not构成固定搭配，表示“是否”。]
At the foot of the mountain ______．
C．does a village
D．lying a village
答案 B [句意]
10．The general manager has to retire due to his illness.Who do you think will ______ the business?
A．take in
B．take up
C．take on
D．take over
答案 D [take over的意思是“接管”。]
______ about their children's health，for their children have to do so much homework every day.
C．concerned
D．curious
答案 C [be concerned about的意思是“担心”，即父母担心孩子们]
12．Now ______ as a hero for the journey into outer space，Yang Liwei has earned much respect from people all over the world.
C．known
D．having known
答案 C [be known as意思是“因……而出名”，这里用过去]
13．What a pity that the house has to be pulled down！It is still in good ______．
Ause
B．case
C．look
D．condition
答案 D [in good condition意思是“状况良好”，即房子状况良好。]
______ the memory of the days in Hangzhou，when he was looked after attentively by the peasant.
back
C．brought on
D．brought about
答案 B [bring in“带来”；bring back “拿回来；使回忆起；使恢复”；bring on“引起，导致；使发展；提出”；bring 使发生；致使”B项正确，构成短语bring back the memory，意思是“使回忆起……”。其他选项不符合语境。]
______ by flowers.
A．surrounding
B．surrounded
C．was surrounded
D．was surrounding
答案 B [surround与himself之间是动宾关系，所以要A项；himself不能作主语，这里应用非谓语动词，因而排除C、D两项。故选B。]