第五章 识别相似表达△点拨△
英语中有些句式结构形相似而实不相同，命题者经常利用这一点来设计“陷阱”。此类题粗看起来非常类似某个熟悉的句式，极易造成学生思维错觉。做此类题不能粗心大意，要注重语境，理解句意，强化对易混句的辨析，有意识地改变思维定势。
△训练△
[每小题2分；满分100分] 得分：________1.①My father asked me ________ I was getting on well with my classmates.
A．that
B．if
C．how
D．what
②My father asked me ________ I was getting on with my classmates.
A．that
B．if
C．how
D．what
答案 ①B ②C [①：我爸问我“是否”与同学相处得好。故选B。②：我爸问我与同学相处得“怎样”。故选C。]
2．①I have been informed of when we ________ for London next year.
A．will leave
B．leave
C．left
D．have left
②Let me know the news when you ________ in London next week.
A．will arrive
B．arrive
C．arrived
D．have arrived
答案 ①A ②B [①中的when引导的是宾语从句，由next year可知选A。②中的when引导的是时间状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。故选B。]
3．①She is such a good teacher ________ all of us love and respect.
A．that
B．since
C．as
D．who
②She is such a good teacher ________ all of us love and respect her.
A．that
B．since
C．as
D．who
答案 ①C ②A [such...as和such...that的区别是：前者的as引导的是定语从句，as在从句中须作主语、宾语、表语等；后者that引导的是结果状语从句，that不作成分。①中的love and respect后缺宾语，所以选C，②中不缺成分，所以选A。]
4．①I'll go to Beijing on business tomorrow.Do you have anything ________ to your son studying in Beijing University?
A．to be taken
B．to take
C．taken
D．being taken
②You'll go to Beijing on business tomorrow.Do you have anything ________ to your son studying in Beijing University?
A．to be taken
B．to take
C．taken
D．being taken
答案 ①A ②B [主语＋have sth.to be done表示该不定式的动作不是主语完成的，①属于这种情况；主语＋have sth.to do表示“主语＋do sth.”，②属于这种情况。]
5．①He is working in a factory.It ________ a half year since he ________ a college student.
A．is；was
B．has been；become
C．is；became
D．has been；became
②He is studying in college.It ________ a half year since he ________ a college student.
A．is；was
B．has been；become
C．is；became
D．has been；became
答案 ①A ②C [在It is＋段时间＋since...句型中，since从句的谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若since从句的谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。①：选A，译为：他大学毕业半年了。②：选C，译为：他读大学半年了。]
6．①I can still remember the very reading room ________ we used to read in our younger days.
A．what
B．which
C．that
D．where
②This is the very room ________ I slept in that evening.
A．where
B．which
C．that
D．who
答案 ①D ②C [①：定语从句缺地点状语，故选D。②：定语从句中的介词in后缺宾语，由于先行词前有the very修饰，所以只用“that”。]
7．①He got up early, ________ to catch the train.
A．to hope
B．hoping
C．hope
D．hoped
②He got up early ________ the first train.
A．to catch
B．catching
C．catch
D．caught
答案 ①B ②A [①：此处用现在分词表伴随状语，不选A的原因是，hope这个词本身就有“目的”的意味，一般不用to hope表示目的，再者，前面有逗号一般也不用表示目的不定式。②：不定式表示目的。]
8．①________ nice, the food was sold out soon.
A．Tasted
B．Tasting
C．To taste
D．Being tasted
②________ carefully, the mixture was bitter.
A．Tasted
B．Tasting
C．Taste
D．To taste
答案 ①B ②A [①：由于nice是形容词，可以确定taste是系动词，系动词一般不用被动，可以排除A、D。如果选C，则表示目的，显然不对。故选B，现在分词作原因状语。②：由于受副词carefully修饰，此处的taste是行为动词，与主语mixture是动宾关系，故选A。]
9．①All the students ________， the report began.
A．were seated
B．seated
C．were sitting
D．sat down
②All the students ________， and the report began.
A．had seated
B．seated
C．were seating
D．sat down
答案 ①B ②D [①：逗号后没连词，说明这是独立主格结构，此空不可填谓语动词。②：and连接两个并列句，seat是及物动词，即可排除A、C。]
10．①Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A．to invent
B．to have invented
C．inventing
D．having invented
②Charles Babbage always considered ________ the first computer.
A．to invent
B．to have invented
C．inventing
D．had invented
答案 ①B ②C [①中的consider“认为”，此空需填不定式作主补，可排除C、D，由于“发明”的动作先于“认为”，故用不定式的完成式。②中的consider“考虑”，其后一般可跟动名词而不跟不定式作宾语，所以选C。]
11．①Strange enough, she found her wallet ________ she lost it.
A．where
B．when
C．in which
D．that
②Strange enough, she found her wallet in ________ was once ao old temple.
A．where
B．when
C．what
D．that
答案 ①A ②C [①：where引导地点状语从句。②：what引导宾语从句，what在宾语从句中又作主语。]
12．①It was July 1, 1997 ________ saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland.
A．that
B．when
C．which
D．in which
②It was on July 1, 1997 ________ I saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland.
A．that
B．when
C．which
D．in which
答案 ①A ②A [①：是定语从句，July 1, 1997是先行词。②：是一个强调句，强调on July 1, 1997。]
13．①The doctor, ________ help the engineer managed to invent a new instrument, was praised.
A．that
B．with whose
C．who
D．whom
②The doctor, ________ helped the engineer invent a new instrument, was praised.
A．that
B．with whose
C．who
D．whom
答案 ①B ②C [①：with whose help表示“在医生的帮助下”，whose作定语修饰help。②：句中是非限制性定语从句，即可排除A，此空缺主语，故选C。]
14．①This book is very interesting.Where did you buy it? I will buy the same book ________ you have bought.
A．which
B．as
C．that
D．what
②To my surprise, I did find the same wallet ________ I had lost the day before.
A．which
B．as
C．that
D．what
答案 ①B ②C [the same...as表示“同类”；the same...that表示“同一”。]
15．①The house needn't ________.
A．to clean
B．cleaning
C．be cleaned
D．to be cleaned
②The house doesn't need ________.
A．clean
B．cleaning
C．be cleaned
D．cleaned
答案 ①C ②B [①中的need 是情态动词，后跟动词原形，可排除A、B、D。②中的need是行为动词，所要填的动词与主语存在动宾关系，可用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式，所以选B。注：C项前加to也正确。]
16．①It was a pity that the great scientist died ________ his works unfinished.
A．for
B．with
C．because
D．of
②It was a pity that the great scientist died ________ cancer.
A．at
B．with
C．because
D．of
答案 ①B ②D [①：唯with可跟复合宾语。②：die of是“因……而死”。as和because都是连词，故不可选。]
17．①He was so angry ________ me that he left without saying a word.
A．about
B．with
C．to
D．at
②He was so angry ________ what I had done that he left without saying a word.
A．on
B．with
C．to
D．at
答案 ①B ②D [be angry with一般跟sb.；be angry at一般跟sth.。]
18．①If you like art and enjoy looking at the pictures, ________ is an interest.
A．which
B．that
C．as
D．what
②You like art and enjoy looking at the pictures, ________ is an interest.
A．which
B．that
C．as
D．what
答案 ①B ②A [①：that is an interest是主句部分，that是指示代词“那”的意思。②：句中是非限制性定语从句，可排除B，此处没有“正如”的含义，所以不选C。]
19．①—Is this the first time that you ________ here in Beijing?
—Yes.I think it's time that I ________ to the Great Wall.
A．have been；am going
B．have been；went
C．are；go
D．are；will go
②He was giving a lecture the first time I ________ him.
A．meet
B．met
C．have met
D．had met
答案 ①B ②B [①：This/It is the frist time that...结构中，that从句习惯上用现在完成时；It's time that...句型中，that从句用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。所以选B。②：the first time引导时间状语从句，由于从句和主句的动作同时发生，所以选B。]
20．①He was praised ________ what he had done for the old man.
A．that
B．since
C．because
D．because of
②He was praised ________ what he had done greatly benefited the people.
A．that
B．since
C．because
D．because of
答案 ①D ②C [①：because of是介词，其后跟what引导的宾语从句。②：because是连词，其后跟从句。]
21．①—What made him struggle ________ an artist so hard?
—That he was a man.
A．becoming
B．became
C．to become
D．become
②—What made her ________ a famous artist?
—Working very hard.
A．becoming
B．became
C．to become
D．become
答案 ①C ②D [①：struggle跟to do不跟doing作宾语，故选C。②：使役动词make后的宾补可以是do但一般不用doing或to do，排除A、C，选D。]
22．①Yesterday I went to buy a computer.There were so many models for us ________ in the shop that I was at a loss which to buy.
A．to be chosen
B．to choose from
C．to choose
D．for choosing
②Yesterday I went to buy a computer.There were so many models that I didn't know which one ________.
A．to be chosen
B．to choose from
C．to choose D．for choosing
答案 ①B ②C [choose是“选中”之意，而choose from是“从……中选择”的意思，根据语境，①选B，②选C。]
23．①What have we said ________ her so unhappy?
A．makes
B．to make
C．made
D．had made
②What we have said ________ her so unhappy.
A．makes
B．to make
C．made
D．had made
答案 ①B ②C [①是特殊疑问句，不定式作结果状语。②中的What we have said是主语从句，此空需填谓语动词，故选C。由主语从句的have said可知，不选D。]
24．①The pollution is getting worse and worse.We must stop pollution ________ longer.
A．living
B．from living
C．to live
D．live
②The pollution is getting worse and worse.First of all, we must stop the air ________.
A．polluting
B．being polluted
C．to pollute
D．pollute
答案 ①C ②B [①：不定式表目的。句意：要想长寿，我们必须阻止污染。②：这是stop...(from)doing“阻止……做……”结构，由于空气是“被污染”的，所以排除A，故选B。]
25．①In order not to be found, I'll spend the night ________ in my room.
A．locking
B．locked
C．to lock
D．lock
②In order to pass the exam, I'll spend the night ________ in my room.
A．studying
B．studied
C．to study
D．study
答案 ①B ②A [①：I与lock是被动关系，故选B，过去分词作伴随状语。句意：为了不被找到，我把自己整晚锁在房间里。②：考查spend some time (in)doing sth.结构。]