三、分词 分词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语、状语等。 1．分词作表语 分词作表语具有形容词的功能，说明主语的性质或特征。现在分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，意为“令人……的”，主语通常是物；过去分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，意为“感到……的”，主语通常是人。 【例31】 This computer game was ________ and the children were ________ in it. A．interesting；interesting
B．interested；interested
C．interesting；interested
D．interested；interesting 答案 C 【例32】 She took a deep breath to calm herself，but her voice still sounded ________. A．excitement
B．excited C．exciting
D．excitedly 答案 B 2．分词作定语 现在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语时，一般置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。 【例33】 I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily.
(2010·北京) A．advertised
B．to be advertised C．advertising
D．having advertised 答案 A 【例34】 The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
(2010·浙江) A．being weighed
B．to weigh C．weighed
D．weighing 答案 D 3．分词作宾补 常跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。 【例35】 Alexander tried to get his work ________ in the medical circles.
(2010·辽宁) A．to recognize
B．recognizing C．recognize
D．recognized 答案 D 4．分词作状语 分词可作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、结果状语等。 【例36】 Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock，________ supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010·福建) A．sending
B．to send C．having sent
D．to have sent 答案 A 四、难点速通 难点1：不定式to后的内容省略的问题 为了避免重复，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，be glad/happy等后面必须有to，但to后面的动词常省略。但如果to后是be或have时不省。 【例37】 —How about going on a picnic with us tomorrow? —________ very much. A．I'll like to
B．I'd like to C．I'd like
D．I'll like it 答案 B 【例38】 —Did they tell you the final decision of the committee? —No，they didn't，but I think I ought to ________. A．/
B．be
C．have
D．have been 答案 D 难点2：with复合结构 “with＋宾语＋非谓语动词”是一种特殊的结构，可以在句中作定语或状语。 【例39】 The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked.(2010·山东) A．laid
B．laying C．to lay
D．being laid
答案 A 难点3：remember，forget，regret后接动名词和不定式的区别 后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作。 【例40】 —The light in the office is still on. —Oh，I forgot ________. A．turning it off
B．turn it off C．to turn it off
D．having turned it off 答案 C 【例41】 Have you forgotten ________ a ruler from Mike? Please remember ________ it to him tomorrow. A．borrowing；to return
B．borrowing；returning C．to borrow；to return
D．to borrow；returning 答案 A 【例42】 —You should say sorry to your brother. —Yes，I regret ________ with him. A．quarrelling
B．quarreled C．to quarrel
D．have quarreled 答案 A 难点4：want，need，require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法 当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。 【例43】 I need ________ there by bike，but something is wrong with my bike.It needs ________. A．going；being repaired
B．to go；repairing C．to go；to repair
D．go；to be repaired 答案 B 【例44】 He deserves ________. A．promoted
B．promote C．to be promoted
D．to promote 答案 C 难点5：在try，stop，mean，go on，can't help后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同 (1)try doing sth.试着做某事；try to do sth.努力做某事 (2)stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来做某事 (3)mean doing sth.意味着做某事；mean to do sth.打算做某事 (4)go on doing sth.继续做某事(即：再做原来做着的那件事)；go on to do sth.接着做另一件事(即：做与原来不同的一件事) (5)can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事；can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事 【例45】 Try ________ at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. A．knock
B．to knock C．knocking
D．to be knocking 答案 C 【例46】 She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock by the side of the path. A．to have rested
B．resting C．to rest
D．rest 答案 C 【例47】 —To buy the IBM PC 686 means ________ a lot of money. —Really? I don't mean ________ much money. A．to waste；to waste
B．wasting；wasting C．wasting；to waste
D．to waste；wasting 答案 C 难点6：现在分词的被动式、过去分词、不定式的被动式作定语的区别 现在分词的被动式表示正在进行，过去分词表示完成，不定式的被动式表示将来。 【例48】 His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.
(2010·陕西) A．published
B．to be published C．to publish
D．being published 答案 B 难点7：“似是而非”的to to既可作介词，也可作不定式符号。pay attention to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，object to，get down to，be used to (习惯于)，devote...to等短语中的to是介词。 【例49】 Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children. A．set up
B．setting up C．have set up
D．having set up 答案 B 【例50】 We must pay attention to the problem he referred ________ fewer mistakes in our work. A．to make
B．to making C．to to make
D．without making 答案 C 【例51】 The man used to ________ up early had a slight accident the other day. A．getting
B．get C．got
D．having got 答案 A
第四章 非谓语动词
一、不定式 1．不定式作主语 不定式可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。 【例1】 ________ English today is the most important task to me. A．Study
B．Being studied C．Studied
D．To study 答案 D 【例2】 It is my honor ________ here to spend some time with you. A．to be invited
B．inviting C．being invited
D．to invite 答案 A 2．不定式作表语 不定式作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。 【例3】 The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，________ it more difficult. A．not making
B．not make C．not to make
D．to not make 答案 C 【例4】 Today my job is ________ all the flowers in the garden. A．water
B．having watered C．to water
D．watered 答案 C 3．不定式作宾语 英语中有些动词常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。 【例5】 We agreed ________ here，but so far she has not turned up yet. A．having met
B．meeting C．to meet
D．to have met 答案 C 【例6】 When his father came back，the boy pretended ________ his homework. A．doing
B．to do
C．done
D．to be doing 答案 D 【例7】 The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ________. A．to be heard
B．to hear C．being heard
D．hearing 答案 A 4．不定式作宾补 (1)有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，call on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for，would like等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等动词后不能接sb.to do sth.结构。 【例8】 We can't count on a man like Jim ________ us the necessary help. A．to give
B．giving C．to be given
D．given 答案 A (2)有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们的后面可接不带to的不定式作宾补，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主补。 【例9】 My parents have always made me ________ about myself，even when I was twelve. A．feeling well
B．feeling good C．feel well
D．feel good 答案 D 5．不定式作定语 (1)不定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短语后面作定语。 【例10】 John was the last man ________ dinner in our family. A．to be invited for
B．to be invited to C．invited for
D．inviting to 答案 B (2)不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。 The next train to arrive was from New York.(主谓关系) It was a game to be remembered.(动宾关系) 【例11】 That is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.(2010·上海) A．reducing
B．to reduce C．reduced
D．reduce 答案 B 6．不定式作状语 (1)作原因状语。不定式常可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语。 【例12】 We were astonished ________ the temple still in its original condition.
(2010·辽宁) A．finding
B．to find C．find
D．to be find 答案 B (2)作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但为了加强语气，也可用“so as to do ”或“in order to do”结构作目的状语。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to一般不置于句首。 【例13】 With Father's Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.
(2010·全国Ⅰ) A．buy
B．to buy C．buying
D．to have bought 答案 B 【例14】 ________ lose his job，Tom kept quiet about the accident. A．In order to not
B．In order not to C．To not
D．So as not to 答案 B (3)作结果状语。具体形式是：too ＋adj./adv.＋to do意为“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋ enough ＋ to do意为“足以……”；only/just to do表示出乎意料的结果。 【例15】 Do you think you are brave enough ________ bungee jumping? A．trying
B．in trying C．to try
D．and try 答案 C 【例16】 He hurried to the station，only ________ the train had left. A．finding
B．found
C．to find
D．find 答案 C (4)用于“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构。该结构中的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式，且不定式必须是及物动词。
【例17】 The armchair is very comfortable ________. A．to sit
B．to sit in C．sitting in
D．for sitting down 答案 B 【例18】 We found the exercise difficult ________ without the help of the English teacher. A．to be done
B．to do C．to do it
D．of doing 答案 B 7．“疑问词＋不定式”结构 此结构相当于名词的功能，即作主语、宾语、表语等成分。不定式一般只用主动式不用被动式。疑问词须作不定式的相应成分。 【例19】 —It's no use having ideas only. —Don't worry.Peter can show you ________ to turn an idea into an act.
(2010·辽宁) A．how
B．who
C．what
D．where 答案 A 【例20】 The police officer wants to know what measures ________ to find the murderer as soon as possible. A．to take
B．to be taken C．taken
D．being taken 答案 A 【例21】 I was made to write a letter in English，but I don't know ________. A．what to write about
B．how to begin with C．how to write about
D．what to begin 答案 A 8．不定式的时态和语态 不定式的时态变化往往是相对于谓语动词而言的，如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用不定式的完成式。不定式的语态变化往往针对其逻辑主语而言，如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，用不定式的被动式。 【例22】 The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported ________ the world record in the 110meter hurdle race.
(2007·辽宁) A．breaking
B．having broken C．to have broken
D．to break 答案 C 【例23】 Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one ________ first is the library.
(2010·重庆) A．repaired
B．being repaired C．repairing
D．to be repaired 答案 D 二、动名词 动名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，一般不作状语，有各种形式的变化。 1．动名词作主语 动名词可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动名词放在后面。注意：no use，no good作表语时，真正的主语常用动名词，一般不用不定式。 【例24】 In my mind，________ that famous university will be the only way to become a worldclass writer. A．attending
B．attended C．attend
D．having attended 答案 A 【例25】 It is no use ________ with him at this time. A．talk
B．to talk C．talking
D．talked 答案 C 2．动名词作宾语 (1)有些动词(短语)后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：mind，finish，enjoy，excuse，imagine，keep，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，permit，forbid，can't help(情不自禁)，feel like，keep on，give up，look forward to，devote...to，get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth等。 【例26】 He didn't feel like ________，so she suggested ________ an English letter right away. A．reading；practising writing B．reading；practising to write C．reading；to practise writing
D．to read；practising to write 答案 A 【例27】 —Tom enjoys ________ basketball on Sunday afternoons，doesn't he? —Yes，he does.But what his sister enjoys ________. A．to play；dancing
B．playing；to dance C．to play；to dance
D．playing；is to dance 答案 D
【例28】 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________. A．catching
B．to be caught C．being caught
D．to catch 答案 C (2)在have difficulty (trouble，a problem，a hard time，fun，a good time) (in) ＋动名词；be busy (in) ＋动名词；waste time (in) ＋动名词；there is no point (in) ＋动名词等结构中，动名词作介词in的宾语，in常可省。 【例29】 I had great difficulty ________ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
(2010·上海) A．find
B．found
C．to find
D．finding 答案 D 【例30】 —Robert is indeed a wise man. —Oh，yes.How often I have regretted ________ his advice! A．to take
B．taking C．not to take
D．not taking 答案 D